7 Tool Steels1
7 Tool Steels1
7 Tool Steels1
07 Tool Steels
Properties & Applications: This group of high speed tool steels due to its greater toughness is
recommended for cutting tools which are subjected to impact vibration
and intermittent cuts. These grades are cheaper and readily
available. They are sued where toughness is the primary requisite
rather than wear resistance. The tool life rapidly decreases if the
hardness of work is beyond 30HRC.
QSB SESSOP
BOHLER ATLAS WITTEN
IS ASP AISI RON SERVILL C Si Mn Cr Mo V W
(Australia) (UK) (Germany)
(UK) E (UK)
T35Cr5MO1 HW4 H11 H11 US Ultra H11 W 66 0.35 1.0 0.3 5 1.4 0.4
V30
r35Cr5MoW HW 1 H12 H12 K18 US Ultra4 CROD1 W7 0.35 1.0 0.3 5 1.4 0.4 1.4
1v30
T35Cr5Mo HW 24 H13 H13 H50 US Ultra2 DIEV & W 66 spk 0.35 1.0 0.3 5 1.4 1.0 1.5
V1 C
T33W9Cr3V HW 3 H21 JO WKZ SENEC W 99 0.35 0.32 0.3 5 0.4 0.9
38 I
Properties & application: These are suitable for die casting dies for Aluminium, magnesium,
Zinc, hard headers for rivets, bolts. They can resist wear and heat
due to the presence of alloying elements. Can also provide high
surface finish due to the presence of chromium.
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H12 H13 : They are tungsten hot work tool steels. Used for Dies, Moulds,
operating beyond 5000C.
H21: Used for extrusion dies, hot swaging dies, forging inserts, brass
forging dies, hot shear blades. Trimmer dies, die-casting dies for
brass.
Applications: 1. widely used in automobile industries for gear box and transmission
components to resist wear and withstand shock due to tough core.
2&3 Jig bushes and pillars for die sets etc.
5. Nitriding Steels :
Applications: 1. Used for components for aircraft industries & automobile industries.
2. Used for components requiring max. Surface hardness of a nitrided case
combined with a fairly high core strength.
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These are ultra high strength steels having very low carbon content (C = 0.03% max). Because
of the presence of Nickel these steels can be air cooled from a temperature of 8000C to set soft
distortion free martensite. High hardness of 52-54 HRC and high strength can be produced by
aging treatment i.e. keeping this steel at 4800C for 3 hours and air-cooling. The following are the
compositions of three grades of Nickel-maraging steels widely used:
Max. stress
Ni Co Mo Ti
(Kg/mm2)
1. 18 8.5 3 0.2 140
2. 18 8 5 0.4 175
3. 18 9 5 0.6 200
7. Advantages :
1. Ultra high tensile, high yield strength & high temperature strength.
2. High notch toughness.
3. Simple heat treatment and dimensional stability.
4. High toughness and ductility.
5. Properties of good machinability and weldability.
6. Can be nitrided.
7. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 12% lower than that of H13.
8. Application :
Best suited for Aluminium die casting dies, precision plastic moulds, forging dies, Carbide die
holders, wear resisting index plates.
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07 Tool Steels
30 kgf 300 kgf load 3000 kgf C Scale 150 B Scale 100 Kgf/mm2 (untreated)
Load (F/D2=30) load kgf Load kgf Load
940 - - 68.0 -
900 - - 67.0 -
860 - - 65.9 -
840 - 745 65.3 -
820 - 733 64.7 -
780 - 710 63.3 -
740 - 684 61.8 -
700 - 656 60.1 -
660 - 620 58.3 -
620 - 582 56.3 -
580 - 545 54.1 -
550 505 517 52.3 -
500 465 471 49.1 -
450 425 425 45.3 - 150
420 397 397 42.7 - 142
390 369 369 39.8 - 132
370 350 350 37.7 - 126
340 322 322 34.4 - 117
320 303 303 32.2 - 110
300 284 284 29.8 - 103
Case-hardening Steel
Heat treatable Steel
285 270 270 27.8 - 98 Carbon Tool Steel
High Speed Steel
Alloy Tool Steel
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07 Tool Steels
Vickers
Hardness Brinell Hardness Rockwell Hardness Tensile Hardness of various
Number, Number, HB Number, HR Strength qualities of steel
HV
Application: Application : Application: Application:
can be Shall be limited tc Used for Used for
applied on materials having a testing testing
all materials. maximum Brinell materials material
Suited Hardness of 400 with having having
specially for steel ball and of 700 hardness hardness
testing very with carbide ball. values of values of
hard and HRc between HRb between
very thin 20 to 99. 60 to 99.
materials
and also
case
hardened
and nitrided
steels.
t 5 t t
C= ( F − 32) F = 1.8 t C + 32
9
1 KW = 1.35962 PS
1 PS = 0.735499 KW
1 KWh = 859.845 Kcal
1 Kcal = 0.001163 kWh
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07 Tool Steels
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TABLE 1
Hardening & Tempering Treatments for Tool & Die Steels
Minimum
Preheat Rate of Hardening
AISI Steel Time at Quenching
Temperature, Heating for Temperature
Type Temperature Medium
Degrees F Hardening Degrees F
Minutes
W1 12000 / 12500 Slow 14250 - 15000 15 min. Brine or Water
W2 12000 / 12500 Slow 14250 - 15000 15 min. Brine or Water
0 0
O1 12000 / 12500 Slow 1450 - 1500 15 min. Warm Oil
0 0
O2 12000 / 12500 Slow 1400 - 1475 15 min. Warm Oil
0 0
O6 12000 / 12500 Slow 1450 - 1500 30 min. Warm Oil
A2 14500 / 15000 Slow 17250 - 18000 30 min. Air, Oil, Salt
A8 14500 / 15000 Slow 18000 - 18500 30 min. Air, Oil, Salt
A9 14500 / 15000 Slow 18000 - 18500 30 – 60 min. Air, Salt
D2 14500 / 15000 Slow 18000 - 18750 30 min. Air, Salt
D3 14500 Slow 17500
30 min. Warm Oil
0 0 0 0
D4 1450 / 1500 Slow 1800 - 1850 30 min. Air, Salt, Oil
0 0 0
D7 1450 Slow 1875 - 2000 45 min. Air, Oil
S1 14000 Slow 17000 - 17500 15 – 20 min. Salt, Warm Oil
S5 12500 Slow 15500 - 16500 15 – 20 min. Salt, Oil, Water
S7 12000 / 13000 Slow 17250 - 17500 20 min. Oil, Salt
T1 15000 / 16000 Quickly from 21000 - 23500 3 – 7 min. Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
T15 14500 / 15500 Quickly from 21750 - 22750 3 – 5 min. Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
M1 15000 / 15500 Quickly from 21500 - 22250 2 – 5 min. Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
M2 Quickly from 21750 - 22750 3 – 7 min.
15000 / 15500 Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
M4 Quickly from 21500 - 22500 3 – 7 min.
15000 / 15500 Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
M7 Quickly from 21750 - 22250 3 – 7 min.
15000 / 15500 Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
M42 Quickly from 21500 - 22000 3 – 7 min.
15000 / 15500 Salt, Warm Oil
preheat
H12 14000 / 15000 Slow 18250 - 18750 30 – 60 min. Salt, Air
H13 14000 Slow 18250 - 18750 30 – 60 min. Salt, Air
H21 15000 Slow 20000 - 22500 10 – 30 min. Oil, Air
0 0 0
H26 1500 Slow 2100 - 2250 10 – 30 min. Oil, Air
0 0 0 0
L6 1200 / 1250 Slow 1450 - 1550 30 min. Warm Oil
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07 Tool Steels
Continued……..
As Maximum
AISI Tempering
Depth of Resistance to Quenched Tempered
Steel Temperature,
Hardening Decarburization Hardness Hardness
Type Degrees F
HRC HRC
W1 3500 – 5500 Shallow Best 65 – 67 62 – 64
0 0
W2 350 – 550 Shallow Best 65 – 67 62 – 64
O1 3500 – 6000 Medium Good 63 – 65 62 – 64
O2 3500 – 6000 Medium Good 63 – 65 62 – 64
O6 3500 – 6000 Medium Good 63 – 65 61 – 63
A2 3500 – 9500 Deep Fair / Good 63 – 64 62 – 63
A8 3500 – 9500 Deep Fair 62 60 – 62
0 0
A9 350 – 1000 Deep Poor / Fair 58 56 – 58
0 0
D2 350 – 1000 Deep Fair 62 – 64 61 – 63
0 0
D3 350 – 950 Deep Fair 63 – 65 61 – 63
D4 4000 – 10000 Deep Fair 63 – 65 61 – 63
D7 3000 – 10000 Deep Fair 65 – 67 65
S1 3000 – 8000 Medium Fair 57 – 59 56 – 58
S5 3000 – 8000 Medium Fair 60 – 62 59 – 61
S7 4000 – 10000 Medium Poor / Fair 58 – 60 57 – 59
0 0
T1 1000 – 1100 Deep Good 64 64 – 65
0 0
T15 1000 – 1100 Deep Fair / Good 64 – 66 66 – 68
0 0
M1 1000 – 1150 Deep Fair 64 – 66 65 – 67
M2 10000 – 11000 Deep Fair 65 – 66 64 – 65
M4 10000 – 11000 Deep Fair 65 – 66 65 – 66
M7 10000 – 11000 Deep Fair / Good 66 – 67 65 – 67
M42 9750 – 10750 Deep Fair / Good 64 – 66 67 – 69
0 0
H12 1000 – 1100 Deep Fair 51 – 53 51 – 53
0 0
H13 1000 – 1150 Deep Fair 54 – 56 53 – 56
0 0
H21 950 – 1250 Med./deep Fair 53 – 55 54 – 55.5
H26 10000 – 12000 Deep Fair / Good 57 – 59 56 – 58
L6 3500 – 6000 Medium Good 62 – 63 62
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TABLE – 2
Comparison of Basic Characteristics of Tool & Die Steels
Machinability
Toughness
Resistance
Brittleness
Hardening
Resistance Decarburiz
Safety in
AISI Non
Wear
to Softening ation Risk
Steel Deforming
Effect of During Heat
type Properties
Heat Treatment
W1 L F G L G L L/M B
W2 L F G L G L L/M B
O1 G G G L F L L G
O2 G G G L F L L G
O6 G G G L F L L B
A2 B B F/G F G L L F/G
A8 G/B B B G G M L F/G
A9 B B B B G M L F/G
D2 B B L/F F G L L L
D3 G B L F G/B L L L
D4 B B L F G/B L L L
D7 B B L/F F B L L L
S1 F F/G B F F/G M L G
S5 F G B F G L L G
S7 F G B F G M L G
T1 G G G B G/B L L F
T15 G G L B B L M L/F
M1 G G G B G/B L L F
M2 G G G B G/B L L F
M4 G G G B G/B L L F
M7 G G G G/B B L L F
M42 G G G G/B G/B L M F
H12 G G/B G/B G/B F/G L/M L F/G
H13 G G/B G/B G/B F/G L/M L F/G
H21 G G/B G G/B F/G L/M L F/G
H26 G G F B B L/M L F/G
L6 F/G G/B G L F L/M L G
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TABLE – 3
Recommended Tool Steels & Hardness
Application AISI Steel Type, Group Hardness RC
Blanking Dies & Punches (Short Run) O, A, W 58 – 60
Blanking Dies & Punches (Long Run) A, D 60 – 62
M 61 – 63
Bending Dies O, A, D 58 – 60
Coining Dies S 52 – 54
W 57 – 59
D 58 – 60
Drawing Dies H 52 – 54
W, O 58 – 60
D 60 – 62
Dies – Cold Extrusion W 59 – 61
D 60 – 62
M 62 – 64
- Embossing W, L, O, A, D 58 – 62
L 58 – 60
- Lamination D, A, M 60 – 62
M, D 60 – 62
- Sizing W 59 – 61
Punches – Embossing S 58 – 60
- Trimming W, D, O, A 58 – 60
- Notching M 60 – 62
* * *
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