HRM Tranning and Devlopment

Definition of Training
Training is often looked upon as an organized activity for increasing the knowledge and skills of people
for a definite purpose. It involves systematic procedures for transferring technical know-how to the
employees so as to increase their knowledge and skills for doing specific jobs with proficiency. In other
words, the trainees acquire technical knowledge, skills and problem solving ability by undergoing the
training programs.
Objectives of Training
To increase the knowledge of workers in doing specific jobs. 2. To systematically impart new skills to the
human resources so that they learn quickly. 3. To bring about change in the attitudes of the workers
towards fellow workers, supervisor and the organization. 4. To improve the overall performance of the
organization. 5. To make the employees handle materials, machines and equipment efficiently and thus
to check wastage of time and resources. 6. To reduce the number of accidents by providing safety
training to employees. 7. To prepare employees for higher jobs by developing advanced skills in them.
Training Development
Training means learning skills and knowledge for Development refers to the growth of an employee
doing a particular job and increases skills required in all respects. It is more concerned with shaping
for a job. 2. Training generally imparts specific the attitudes. 2. Development is more general in
skills to the employees. 3. Training is concerned nature and aims at overall growth of the
with maintaining and improving current job executives. 3. Development builds up
performance. Thus, it has a short-term competences for future performance and has a
perspective. 4. Training is job centered in nature. long-term perspective . 4. Development is career
5. The role of trainer or supervisor is very centered in nature. 5. All development is ‘ self
important in training. development ’ and the executive has to be
internally motivated for the same.
Types of Training
Training can be classified into many types, depending upon several bases. On the basis of purpose,
several types off training programs, which are not mutually exclusive, are offered to the employees.
They invariably overlap and employ many common techniques. Some of the important types of training
programs are as follows:
1. Orientation or Induction training.
Induction relates to introducing or orienting a new employee to the organization. When a new
employee joins any organization, he needs to be acquainted with its procedures, rules and regulations.
He must be helped to familiarize himself with the work environment and with his fellow employees. It is
better to give him a friendly welcome when he joins the organization, get him introduced to the
organization and help him to get a general idea about the rules and regulations, working conditions, etc.
of the organization. Employee orientation or induction training basically deals with the introduction of
the organization to the newly employed person. The purpose is to give a ‘bird’s eye view’ of the
organization where he has to work. It is a very short and informative type of training given immediately
after recruitment. It creates a feeling of involvement in the minds of newly appointed employees.
2. Job Training
When an employee joins an organization, he undergoes job training, which relates to the specific job,
which the worker has to perform. It gives information about machines, process of production,
instructions to be followed, methods to be used and so on. It develops skills and confidence among the
workers and enables them to perform the job efficiently. Job training is the most common form of the
formal in-plant training programs. It is necessary for the new employees to acquaint them with the jobs
they are expected to perform. It helps in creating interest of the employees in their jobs.
3. Apprenticeship Training
Apprenticeship training programmes are more inclined towards education than merely on the
vocational training. Under this, both knowledge and skills in doing a job or a series of related jobs are
involved. The governments of various countries, including India, have passed laws which make it
obligatory for certain classes of employers to provide apprenticeship training to the young people. The
usual apprenticeship programmes combine on the job training and experience with classroom
instructions in particular subjects. The trainees receive wages while learning and they acquire valuable
skills, which command a high wage in the labour market. In India, there are several ‘earn while you
learn’ schemes both in the private as well as public sector undertakings. Such schemes are also
advantageous to the trainees. Some employers look upon apprentices as a source of cheap labor.
Apprenticeship training is desirable in industries, which require a constant flow of new employees
expected to become all round craftsmen. It is very much prevalent in printing trades, building and
construction, and crafts like mechanics electricians, welders, etc.
4. Internship Training
Under this method of training, the educational or vocational institute enters into an arrangement with
an industrial enterprise, or any organization which can utilize their knowledge, for providing practical
knowledge to its students. Internship training is usually meant for such vocations where advanced
theoretical knowledge has to be backed up by practical experience on the job. For instance, engineering
students are sent to big industrial enterprises for getting practical work experience and medical students
are sent to big hospitals to get practical knowledge. The period of such training varies from six months
to two years. The trainees do not belong to the business enterprises, but they come from the vocational
or professional institutions. It is quite usual that the enterprises giving them training absorb them by
offering suitable jobs after completion of their trainings.
5. Refresher Training
As the name implies, the refresher training is meant for the old employees of the enterprise. It is also
called retraining. The basic purpose of refresher training is to acquaint the existing workforce with the
latest methods of performing their jobs and to improve their efficiency further. While explaining this,
Dale Yoder has rightly remarked, “Retraining programmes are designed to avoid personnel
obsolescence”. The skills with the existing employees become obsolete because of technological
changes and because of the tendency of human beings to forget

HRM Tranning and Devlopment

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Definition of Training

1. Orientation or Induction training.

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