Guide Specifications For Design of Metal Flagpoles: Ansi/ Naamm American National Standard
Guide Specifications For Design of Metal Flagpoles: Ansi/ Naamm American National Standard
Guide Specifications For Design of Metal Flagpoles: Ansi/ Naamm American National Standard
METAL
PRODUCTS
METAL FLAGPOLES ANSI/
NAAMM FP 1001-07
ANSI/NAAMM FP 1001-07
GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
October 5, 2007
8d
FOR DESIGN OF
METAL FLAGPOLES
ANSI/NAAMM FP 1001-07
October 5, 2007
8d METAL FLAGPOLES
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
ARCHITECTURAL METAL MANUFACTURERS
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI
that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for
approval have been met by the standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of
Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly
and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much
more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus
requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concert-
ed effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their
existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has
approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchas-
ing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the
standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards
and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American
National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority
to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name
of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation
should be addressed to the sponsor whose name appears on the title
page of this standard.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or
withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National
Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm,
revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National
Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or
writing the American National Standards Institute.
This standard was developed by representative members of the
Architectural Metal Products Division (AMP) of the National Association
of Architectural Metal Manufacturers (NAAMM) to provide their opinion
and guidance on the specification and use of metal flagpoles. This stan-
dard contains advisory information only and is published as a public ser-
vice by NAAMM and its AMP Division. NAAMM and its AMP Division dis-
claim all liability of any kind for the use, application, or adaptation of mate-
rial published in this standard.
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1. SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................ 4
3. FLAGPOLE LOADS ........................................................................................................................ 4
4. FLAG LOAD .................................................................................................................................... 9
5. BENDING MOMENTS, SHEAR FORCES, AND TORSIONAL MOMENTS ON POLE ... 9
6. STRESS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 11
7. CALCULATION PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 16
8. TERMINOLOGY.............................................................................................................................. 17
Appendix A – SAMPLE CALCULATIONS ................................................................................... 19
1. SCOPE
1.1 These specifications set forth the procedures for determining the design loads for metal flagpoles of
hollow circular cross section.
1.2 The method for determining the wind speed and resulting wind load on the pole is part of these
specifications.
1.3 The method for determining the wind load on the flag and the resulting load imposed on the pole is
part of these specifications also.
1.4 Methods of analysis are given with sample calculations for a typical flagpole.
1.5 Minimum properties of materials typically used in the design of flagpoles are included.
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The publications listed in this section form a part of this
specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referenced in the text by basic designation only. When a more
recent standard is available, the specifier should verify its
applicability to this Guide prior to its inclusion.
2.1 Aluminum Design Manual, 8th Edition, 2005
The Aluminum Association
1525 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600
Arlington, Virginia 22209
www.aluminum.org
2.2 Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and
Traffic Signals, 4th Edition 2001, Interim Revisions 2002, 2003 and 2006
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249
Washington, DC 20001
2.3 ASCE/SEI 7-05. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20191-4400
www.asce.org
2.4 ASTM Standards
ASTM International
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428
www.astm.org
3. FLAGPOLE LOADS
3.1 Dead Load. The dead load shall consist of the weight of the flagpole plus the fittings, accessories
and flag.
3.2 Wind Load. The wind load shall be the pressure of the wind on the flagpole and the load created by
the wind drag on the flag. For nautical flagpoles, the pressure of the wind on the yardarms and gaffs
plus the load created by the wind drag of the flags flying from these members shall be included to obtain
the total wind load. Equations with a suffix of “M” indicate a metric formula.
3.2.1 Wind Pressure. Wind pressure shall be computed by the following formula:
2
P = 0.00256 x V x Cd x Ch x G Equation 1
2
(0.613 x V x Cd x Ch x G) Equation 1 M
NAAMM/FP 1001-07
TABLE 3.2.3A
TABLE 3.2.3B
TABLE 3.2.4
Wind Speed x Diameter Drag Coefficient, Cd
V d < 39 (5.33) 1.10
1.3 1.3
39 (5.33) < V d < 78 (10.66) 129 / [V d] ( 9.69 / [V d] )
V d >78 (10.66) 0.45
V = wind speed in mph (m/s)
d = diameter of cylindrical pole or segment or average diameter
of tapered pole or segment in feet (meters)
6. STRESS ANALYSIS
Axial compression, bending, and shear stresses shall be calculated for all flagpoles. In addition,
torsional stress shall be calculated for the nautical flagpole with gaff.
Note: Where the stress analysis is based on the pole with the flag flying, the bending moments, shear
forces and torsional moments resulting from the flag loads are added to those resulting from wind
pressure to obtain the total loads to which the flagpole is subjected. Stresses due to shear forces and
torsional moments are generally small compared to the stresses caused by bending moments. Flagpole
design is primarily determined by the bending moments to which the pole is subjected. However, a check
of the combined stress ratio shall always be made using Equation 25 to be sure the ratio is within the
limit.
6.1 Compressive Stress. The compressive stress, fa, is the axial dead load, DP, caused by the weight
of the pole plus accessories and flags, divided by the cross sectional area, A, of the pole at the base.
fa = DP / A Equation 21
Where A is in square inches (square millimeters).
6.2 Bending Stress. The stress in bending, fb, is the total bending moment, MT’ divided by the section
modulus, S, of the pole at the base.
fb = MT / S Equation 22
6.3 Shear Stress. The shear stress, fv, is the total shear force, WT, multiplied by 2 and divided by the
cross section area, A, of the pole at the base.
fv = 2 WT / A Equation 23
Where A is in square inches (square millimeters).
The allowable bending stress, as shown in Table 6.8.2, for non-welded, round, aluminum flagpoles is
valid for slenderness ratios not exceeding R/t = 33. For slenderness ratios exceeding 33, but not more
than 102, the allowable dead load stress shall be calculated using Equation 28 (28M). Most aluminum
flagpoles are within the slenderness ratio of 33. For slenderness ratios exceeding 102, refer to the
Aluminum Design Manual. For non-welded members and for welded members at locations farther than
1 in.(25mm) from a weld use
Fb = (27.7 - 1.70 √R/t) 1000 psi Equation 28
Fb = (190.6 - 11.67 √R/t) MPa Equation 28M
6.8.3 Allowable stresses in welded members within 1.0 in. (25 mm) of weld of 6063-T6
TABLE 6.8.3
Dead Load 33% Increase allowed Wind Load
for Wind Load
psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
Fb 8,000 (55) 2,640 ( 18.2) 10 642 (73.2)
Fs 3,900 (27) 1,287 (8.91) 5 187 (35.91)
The allowable bending stress, as shown in Table 6.8.3, for welded, round, aluminum flagpoles is valid
for slenderness ratios not exceeding R/t = 62. For slenderness ratios exceeding 62, but not more than
206, the allowable dead load stress shall be calculated using Equation 29 [29M]. For slenderness ratios
exceeding 206 refer to the Aluminum Design Manual.
Fb = 12.8 – 0.61 √R/t 1000 psi Equation 29
Fb = 88.3 - 4.21 √R/t Mpa Equation 29M
Note: When heat treated and artificially aged aluminum is welded, the properties at the weld and in the
heat affected zone will be reduced. This in turn will reduce the allowable stress. For welded poles, the
yield stresses and the allowable stresses within 1.0 in. (25 mm) of the weld are shown in Tables 6.8.1
and 6.8.3 respectively. These are the stresses which provide a structurally safe design at the weld joint.
However, there are exceptions to this. For alloy 6063 flagpole assemblies, up through 0.375 in. (10 mm)
thick, which are welded in the -T4 temper with filler alloy 4043 and precipitation heat treated (artificially
aged) to the - T6 temper, by an approved method after welding, the allowable stresses within 1.0 in. (25
mm) of the weld shall be 85% of the values for nonwelded alloy 6063-T6. Additional information on
welded aluminum construction in general and, in particular, for information on allowable stresses in fillet
welds joining round members subject to bending and transverse loading, can be found in The Aluminum
Association’s Aluminum Design Manual.
6.9 Allowable Stresses for Steel. The mechanical properties and allowable stresses for carbon steel
seamless pipe, ASTM A 53, Type S, Grade B, and cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel
structural tubing, ASTM A 500, Grades B and C, and ASTM A 501, are given in Tables 6.9.1 and 6.9.2.
TABLE 6.9.2
Fb = 0.66 Fy Fv = 0.33 Fy
Dead Load 33% Increase allowed Wind Load
for Wind Load
psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
ASTM A 53 Fb 23,000 (159) 7,700 (53) 30,700 (212)
Type S, Gr B Fv 11,500 (79) 3,800 (26) 14,800 (105—)
ASTM A 500 Fb 28,000 (193) 9,300 (64) 37,300 (257)
Grade B Fv 14,000 (96) 4,700 (32-) 19,600 (128)
ASTM A 500 Fb 30,000 (207) 10,000 (69) 40,000 (276)
Grade C Fv 15,000 (103) 5,000 (34) 20,000 (137)
ASTM A 501 Fb 24,000 (165) 8,000 (55) 32,000 (220)
Fv 12,000 (82) 4,000 (27) 16,000 (109)
6.10 Allowable Stresses for Stainless Steel. The mechanical properties and allowable stresses for
stainless steel annealed pipe, ASTM A 312, and tubing, ASTM A 554, Type S30400, are given in Tables
6.10.1 and 6.10.2.
6.10.1 Yield stress and modulus of elasticity for stainless steel
TABLE 6.10.1
Yield Stress, Fy Modulus of Elasticity, E
psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
ASTM A 312 and A 554 30,000 (207) 28,000,000 (193,000)
S30400, Annealed
6.11 Allowable Stresses for Copper Alloys (Bronze). The mechanical properties and allowable
stresses for copper alloys are given in Tables 6.11.1 and 6.11.2.
6.11.1 Yield stresses and modulus of elasticity for copper seamless pipe, alloy C23000
TABLE 6.11.1
Yield Stress, Fy Modulus of Elasticity, E
psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
ASTM B 43 12,000 (83) 17,000,000 (117,000)
Temper 061, Annealed
ASTM B 43 18,000 (124) 17,000,000 (117,000)
Temper H58, Drawn
2 2 2 2
r = √Ro + Ri )/4 = √(Do + Di )/16
8. TERMINOLOGY
2 2
A = area, sq in. (mm ) or sq ft (m ) , as designated
b = width of flag, ft (m)
C = distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber, in. (mm)
CA = coefficient of amplification
Cd = drag coefficient
Ch = coefficient of height above ground for wind pressure
CSR = combined stress ratio
d = diameter of pole, ft (m)
Di = inside diameter of pole, in. (mm)
Do = outside diameter of pole, in. (mm)
DP = weight of pole plus accessories and flag(s),lbf (N)
E = modulus of elasticity, psi (MPa)
Fa = calculated axial compressive stress, psi (MPa)
Fb = calculated bending stress, psi (MPa)
fs, fv = calculated stress due to shear or torsion, psi (MPa)
Fa = allowable axial compressive stress, psi (MPa)
Fb = allowable bending stress, psi (MPa)
FS, Fv = allowable shear stress, psi (MPa)
Fsy = yield stress, shear, psi (MPa)
Fy = yield stress, psi (MPa)
G = gust effect factor
4 4
IB = moment of inertia at base, in (mm )
4 4
IT = moment of inertia at top, in . (mm )
L = distance from base of pole to centroid of pole segment,
or to top of pole, or to centerline of yardarm, ft (m).
Horizontal distance from center of pole to center of gaff,
or to point of attachment of flag, for nautical flagpoles, ft (m).
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Cone tapered aluminum pole - alloy 6063-T6
Exposed length, L = 60’, taper = 44’, butt dia = 12”, top dia = 4”
Wall thickness, straight 0.250”, taper 0.188”, taper in/ft = 0.182
Ground set, conventional pole. Flag 8’ x 12’ = 96 sq ft
Values of Vd and Cd, are for 90 mph wind speed.
60’ dia = 4”
dia = 4.91” = 0.409’ A = 4.09 sq ft
SEGMENT 6 - 10’
Vd = 36.8 Cd = 1.10
L = 55.0’
50’ dia = 5.82”
dia = 6.73” = 0.561’ A = 5.61 sq ft
SEGMENT 5 - 10’
Vd = 50.5 Cd = 0.79
L = 45.0’
40’ dia = 7.64”
dia = 8.55” = 0.712’ A = 7.12 sq ft
SEGMENT 4 10’
Vd = 64.1 Cd = 0.58
L = 35.0’
30’ dia = 9.45”
dia = 10.73” = 0.894’ A = 12.52 sq ft
SEGMENT 3 - 14’
Vd = 80.5 Cd = 0.45
L = 23.0’
16’ dia = 12” = 1.0’ A = 1 sq ft
SEGMENT 2 - 1’
15’ Vd = 90 Cd = 0.45
L = 15.5’
dia = 12” = 1.0’ A = 15 sq ft
SEGMENT 1 - 15’
Vd = 90 Cd = 0.45
L = 7.5’