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    Effect of Light Intensity - PVEducation

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    Effect of Light Intensity on photovoltaics

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    Effect of Light Intensity - PVEducation

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    Effect of Light Intensity on photovoltaics

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    Effect of Light Intensity on photovoltaics

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    Effect of Light Intensity - PVEducation

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    PVEducation (/) MENU

    HOME (/) / WELCOME TO PVCDROM (/WELCOME) / SOLAR CELL OPERATION (/PVCDROM/WELCOME-TO-PVCDROM/SOLAR-CELL-OPERATION) / EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY

    Effect of Light Intensity


    Changing the light intensity incident on a solar cell changes all solar cell parameters, including the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage,
    the FF (fill factor), the efficiency and the impact of series and shunt resistances. The light intensity on a solar cell is called the number of suns,
    where 1 sun corresponds to standard illumination at AM1.5, or 1 kW/m2. For example a system with 10 kW/m2 incident on the solar cell would be
    operating at 10 suns, or at 10X. A PV module designed to operate under 1 sun conditions is called a "flat plate" module while those using
    concentrated sunlight are called "concentrators".

    Ideal Cell: Voc = 0.623 Isc = 35 mA/cm2 FF = 0.83

    Real Cell: Voc = 0.612 Isc = 34.6 mA/cm2 FF = 0.67

    Cell shunt resistance, Rshunt = 100.0 Ω cm²


    10 1e6

    Cell series resistance, Rs = 1 cm/2


    0.1 18

    Concentration of light on solar cell, conc = 1 suns


    0 2

    The effect of concentration on the IV characteristics of a solar cell. The series resistance has a greater effect on
    performance at high intensity and the shunt resistance has a greater effect on cell performance at low light intensity.

    Concentrators
    A concentrator is a solar cell designed to operate under illumination greater than 1 sun. The incident sunlight is focused or guided by optical
    elements such that a high intensity light beam shines on a small solar cell. Concentrators have several potential advantages, including a higher
    efficiency potential than a one-sun solar cell and the possibility of lower cost. The short-circuit current from a solar cell depends linearly on light
    intensity, such that a device operating under 10 suns would have 10 times the short-circuit current as the same device under one sun operation.
    However, this effect does not provide an efficiency increase, since the incident power also increases linearly with concentration. Instead, the
    efficiency benefits arise from the logarithmic dependence of the open-circuit voltage on short circuit. Therefore, under concentration, Voc increases
    logarithmically with light intensity, as shown in the equation below;

    where X is the concentration of sunlight.

    From the equation above, a doubling of the light intensity (X=2) causes a 18 mV rise in VOC .

    The cost of a concentrating PV system may be lower than a corresponding flat-plate PV system since only a small area of solar cells is needed.
    /
    The efficiency benefits of concentration may be reduced by increased losses in series resistance as the short-circuit current increases and also by
    the increased temperature operation of the solar cell. As losses due to short-circuit current depend on the square of the current, power loss due to
    series resistance increases as the square of the concentration.

    Low Light Intensity


    Solar cells experience daily variations in light intensity, with the incident power from the sun varying between 0 and 1 kW/m2. At low light levels,
    the effect of the shunt resistance becomes increasingly important. As the light intensity decreases, the bias point and current through the solar cell
    also decreases, and the equivalent resistance of the solar cell may begin to approach the shunt resistance. When these two resistances are
    similar, the fraction of the total current flowing through the shunt resistance increases, thereby increasing the fractional power loss due to shunt
    resistance. Consequently, under cloudy conditions, a solar cell with a high shunt resistance retains a greater fraction of its original power than a
    solar cell with a low shunt resistance1.

    1. G. Bunea (/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=41), Wilson, K. (/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=42), Meydbray, Y. (/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=43), Campbell, M. (/biblio?


    f%5Bauthor%5D=44), and Ceuster, D. D. (/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=45), “ Low Light Performance of Mono-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells” (/node/291), in 4th World
    Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference, Waikoloa, HI, 2006, pp. 1312–1314.

    ‹ Effect of Temperature (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/effect- Ideality Factor › (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/ideality-


    of-temperature) factor)
    Log in (/user/login?destination=comment/reply/128%23comment-form) or register (/user/register?destination=comment/reply/128%23comment-
    form) to post comments 3 comment(s) (/node/128/talk)

    View (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/effect-of-light-intensity) Comments (/node/128/talk)

    (https://www.pveducation.org)

    Christiana Honsberg
    and Stuart Bowden
    Instructions (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/instructions)
    1. Introduction (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/introduction)
    2. Properties of Sunlight (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight)
    3. Semiconductors & Junctions (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/pn-junctions)
    4. Solar Cell Operation (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation)
    4.1. Ideal Solar Cells (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/ideal-solar-cells)
    Solar Cell Structure (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/solar-cell-structure)
    Light Generated Current (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/light-generated-current)
    Collection Probability (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/collection-probability)
    Quantum Efficiency (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/quantum-efficiency)
    Spectral Response (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/spectral-response)
    The Photovoltaic Effect (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/the-photovoltaic-effect)
    4.2. Solar Cell Parameters (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/solar-cell-parameters)
    IV Curve (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/iv-curve)
    Short-Circuit Current (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/short-circuit-current)
    Open-Circuit Voltage (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/open-circuit-voltage)
    Fill Factor (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/fill-factor)
    Efficiency (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/solar-cell-efficiency)
    Detailed Balance (/pvcdrom/detailed-balance)
    Tandem Cells (/pvcdrom/tandem-cells)
    4.3. Resistive Effects (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/resistive-effects)
    Characteristic Resistance (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/characteristic-resistance)
    Effect of Parasitic Resistances (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/effect-of-parasitic-resistances)
    Series Resistance (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/series-resistance)
    Shunt Resistance (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/shunt-resistance)
    Impact of Both Series and Shunt Resistance (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/impact-of-both-series-and-shunt-resistance)
    4.4. Other Effects (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/other-effects)
    Effect of Temperature (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/effect-of-temperature)
    Effect of Light Intensity (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/effect-of-light-intensity)
    Ideality Factor (/pvcdrom/solar-cell-operation/ideality-factor)
    /
    5. Design of Silicon Cells (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/design-of-silicon-cells)
    6. Manufacturing Si Cells (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/manufacturing-si-cells)
    7. Modules and Arrays (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/modules-and-arrays)
    8. Characterization (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/characterisation)
    9. Material Properties (/pvcdrom/materials)
    10. Batteries (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/batteries)
    11. Appendices (/pvcdrom/appendices)
    Korean Version PDF (/pvcdrom/welcome-to-pvcdrom/korean-version-pdf)
    Equations (/list-of-equations)
    Flash Animations (/list-of-flash)
    Interactive Graphs (/list-of-graphs)
    References (/biblio)

    English

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