NUMBER SYSTEM

➢ Ascending , Descending
➢ Successor and Predecessor
➢ Face Value
➢ Place Value
➢ Indian number System
➢ International Number System

The numbers play a very important role in our day to day life. We use numbers to
count, measure, compare and order things. We can order the things in increasing or
decreasing fashion.

Ascending order: Ordering of things from smallest to biggest.

Ex: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and so on
Descending order: Ordering of things from biggest to smallest.
Ex: 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 and so on

In order to COMPARE two numbers, we adopt the following RULES:-

RULE 1:- The number with less digits is less than the number with more digits.
RULE 2:- Suppose we have to compare two numbers having the same numbers of
digits than we proceed as under
Step 1- First compare the digits at the leftmost place in both the numbers.
Step 2- If they are equal in value then compare the second digits from the le ft.
Step 3- If the second digits from the left are equal then compare the third digits
from the left.
Step 4- continue until you come across unequal digits at the corresponding places.
Clearly, the number with greater such digit is the greater of the two.

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Example- Which is greater: 24576813 or 9897686?
A number with more digits is greater so, 24576813>9897686
Example- Which is smaller: 1003467 or 987965?
A number with less digits is smaller so, 1003467<9897965
Example - Arrange the following in ascending order:
3763214, 18340217, 984671, 3790423
984671<3763214<3790423<18340217
Example - Arrange the following in descending order:
63872604, 4965328, 63890503, 5023145
63890503>63872604>5023145>4965328

SUCCESSOR AND PREDECESSOR

To find the successor of a given number, we add 1 to it and to find
predecessor of a given number, we subtract 1 from it.
Example:
Successor of 999 is 999 + 1 = 1,000
Predecessor of 999 is 999 – 1 = 998

Ascending order
The arrangement of numbers from the smallest to the greatest is called
ascending order. This is also called as increasing order.
Example: 8,888,870 < 75,434,108 < 676,576,676 < 677,678,676
Descending order
The arrangement of numbers from the greatest to the smallest is called
descending order. This is also called as decreasing order.
Example: 677,678,676 > 676,576,676 > 75,434,108 > 8,888,870

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PLACE VALUE CHART
(INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM )
The most widely and globally used system of numbers is Hindu-Arabic number
system. Hindu number system was invented by Indian mathematicians between
1 st and 4 th centuries. Later, by 9 th century, this system was adopted by Arabic
mathematicians and finally, this came to be known as Hindu -Arabic number system.
It then spread to Europe. Indian Number system is used in India as well as in
Bangladesh, Pakistan. This system is based on Vedic numbering system.
Hindu-Arabic numbers are the combination of just 10 digits or symbols : 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0. Out of these ten digits 0 is c alled as insignificant digit and all
the remaining are called significant digits. This system is purely a place-value
system where the digit zero has its own importance.
Today, this numerical system is still used worldwide.

▪ Values of the places in the Indian system of numeration are Ones, Tens, Hundreds,
Thousands, Ten thousand, Lakhs, Ten Lakhs, Crores and so on.
The place value chart can be used to identify the digit in any place in the Indian system.

USE OF SEPARATORS (Comma):

The Indian numbering system uses separators differently from the international norm; in such
numbers of at least one lakh (one hundred thousand), a comma divides every two rather than
every three digits to the left of the last three, thus: This accords with the Indian numbering
system, which has units for thousands, hundreds of thousands, tens of millions, etc.

Representing a number:
For example, consider number 593071423. The following is the way in which it is
represented or written and read.
This number can be represented or written as,
Ten Crores Ten Lakhs Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Units
Crores Lakhs Thousand

5 9 3 0 7 1 4 2 3

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This number can be read as,Fifty nine crores, thirty lakh, seventy one thousand four
hundred and twenty three.

INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM

The main difference between the Indian number system and International number
system is the placement of the separators or comas. In international numbering
system, millions are written after thousands while in Indian system, lakhs are
written after thousands.

Whereas,
Lakh and Crores are Indian units of number system. This system starts with ten t o
the power three (10 3 ) and then is followed by two digit split after the hundredth
place.

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The following is the table showing the differences in the placement of separators in
Indian as well as international number system:

FACE VALUE AND PLACE VALUE

A mathematical symbol which represents a number is called as numeral. The place
of a digit is defined by its position. A digit in a particular number has two values
namely, Face value and Place value.
Face value:
The face value of a digit is the digit itself irrespective of its place. The value
attributed to a digit by virtue of its face is called Face value.
Example,
Ten Ten Ten Ten
crores Crores Lakhs Lakhs Thousand Thousands Hundreds Tens Units crores
5 9 3 0 7 1 4 2 3 5

The face value of 5 is 5 itself; face value of 9 is 9 itself and so on.

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Place value:
The place value of a digit is the product of its place and its face value. The value
attributed to a digit by virtue of its place is called Place value. Place value is also
called local value of digit.
From the above example, the place value of 5 is fifty crores; place value of 9 is nine
crores.
Another way to write it is,
500000000 = 5 x 10 8
90000000 = 9 x 10 7
3000000 = 3 x 10 6
000000 = 0
70000 = 7 x 10 4
1000 = 1 x 10 3
400 = 4 x 10 2
20 = 2 x 10 1
3 = 3 x 10 0
Numbers are usually read out using place values and not face values. To obtain the
place value of a digit, we must multiply the digit with the value of its place in the
given number. The representation of the place value as the product of the place of
the digit and it face value is shown in the following table:

Numeral Face value Multiply Place = Place value

3 3 X 1 = 3
2 2 X 10 = 20
4 4 X 100 = 400
1 1 X 1000 = 1000
7 7 X 10000 = 70000
0 0 X 100000 = 0
3 3 X 1000000 = 3000000
9 9 X 10000000 = 90000000
5 5 X 100000000 = 500000000

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Example:

The face value and place value of 6 in 6, 45,100

Face value is digit itself so face value of 6 in 6, 45,100 is ‘6’
Place value of the digit is product of the face value of the digit and the value of its place.
So, place value of 6 in 6,45,100 is 6 x 1,00,000 = 6,00,000 (6 lakh)

Expanded notation
When each digit of a given number is written with its place value, we get the expanded form of
the number.
Example: Expanded notation of the number 341,697,832
We can expand in three different ways:
1) 3 Hundred Million + 4 Ten Million + 1 Million + 6 Hundred Thousand + 9 Ten
Thousand + 7 Thousand + 8 Hundred + 3 Ten + 2 One
Or
2) (3 x 100,000,000) + (4 x 10,000,000) + (1 x 1,000,000) +( 6 x 100,000) + (9 x 10,000) +
(7 x 1,000) + (8 x 100) + (3 x 10) + (2 x 1)
3) 300,000,000 + 40,000,000 + 1,000,000 + 600,000 + 90,000 + 7,000 + 800 + 30 + 2
4) Standard form of 300,000,000 + 40,000,000 + 1,000,000 + 600,000 + 90,000 + 7,000 +
800 + 30 + 2 is 341,697,832

Example : Expanded notation of the number 29,123

We can expand in three different ways:
1) 2 ten thousands +9 thousands + 1 hundred + 2 tens + 3 ones
2) (2 x 10,000) + (9 x 1,000) + (1 x 100) + (2 x 10) + (3 x 1)
3) 20000 + 9000 + 100 + 20 + 3
4) Standard form of 20000 + 9000 + 100 + 20 + 3 is 29,123

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INDIAN NUMBER SYSTEM
Place Value Chart (Indian Number System)
Lakhs Thousands Ones
Ten Lakhs Lakhs Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Thousands
TL L TTH TH H T O

Ones consist of Ones , Tens, Hundreds

Thousands Consist of Thousands and Ten Thousands
Lakhs Consist of Lakhs and Ten Lakhs

Example :
3,56,245 – Three lakh fifty six thousand and two hundred forty five
1,23,50,005- One crore twenty three lakh fifty thousand five

INTERNATIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Place Value Chart (International Number system)
Millions Thousands Ones
Hundred Ten Millions Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
Millions Millions Thousands Thousands
HM TM M HTTH TTH TH H T O

Ones consist of Ones , Tens, Hundreds

Thousands Consist of Thousands , Ten Thousands and Hundred Thousands
Millions Consist of Millions, Ten Millions, Hundred Millions

Example:

356,245 – Three hundred fifty six thousand and two hundred forty five
37,987,450 – Thirty seven million nine hundred eighty seven thousand four hundred fifty
100,000,150- One hundred million one hundred fifty

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5 DIGIT number
Difference lies after 5 DIGIT number
Less than 5 digit number SAME for both system
Indian TTH TH H T O
International TTH TH H T O
Indian: Ten Thousand
International: Ten Thousand

6 DIGIT Number
Indian L TTH TH H T O
International HTTH TTH TH H T O
Indian: One Lakhs
International: One Hundred Thousand

7 DIGIT Number
Indian TL L TTH TH H T O
International M HTTH TTH TH H T O
Indian: Ten Lakhs
International: One Million

8 DIGIT Number
Indian C TL L TTH TH H T O
International TM M HTTH TTH TH H T O
Indian: One Crore
International: Ten Million

9 DIGIT Number
Indian TC C TL L TTH TH H T O
International THM TM M HTTH TTH TH H T O
Indian: Ten Crore
International: Ten Hundred Million

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Hints:
Always start from the RIGHT.
Separate using Comma as a Group.
Either INDIAN number system or INTERNATIONAL number system the VALUE will be
same.

Let’s compare the two number systems

From above comparison we observe that;

100 thousands = 1 lakh
1 million = 10 lakhs
10 millions = 1 crore
100 millions= 10 crores

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