W 436

W XXX

Tennessee
Home Vegetable
Garden
2020 Calendar
 2020 Tennessee Home Vegetable Garden Calendar

Tennessee Extension Home Fruit and Vegetable Workgroup

Bob Ary, Extension Agent, Sumner County

Natalie Bumgarner, Residential and Consumer Horticulture Extension Specialist
Alan Bruhin, Extension Agent, Sevier County
Darby Payne Allday, Extension Agent, Giles County
Carol Reese, Western Region Extension Specialist
Melody Rose, Extension Agent, Greene County
Lee Sammons, Extension Agent, Hardeman County
Virginia Sykes, Variety Testing and Agroecology Extension Specialist
Gregg Upchurch, Extension Agent, Cumberland County
Seth Whitehouse, Extension Agent, Scott County

This calendar has been developed to assist you in formulating an overall plan for your residential vegetable garden. Utilize the
calendar to schedule various planting, harvesting and management practices. However, there are many other excellent resources
available from UT Extension that will be an asset to you in planning and managing your garden, so they are linked within this calendar.
And, this calendar is also available online as a fillable PDF (extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W436.pdf).
We hope this calendar is one step in your successful garden vegetable journey.
 Getting the Most from the 2020 Home Vegetable Calendar
Step 1. Be aware of climate and temperature trends in your specific location.
The dates listed in the calendar are averages for different regions of the state. However, there is a large range in growing season length across
Tennessee, so it is always good to be familiar with the local climate data to most usefully adapt dates from this calendar.

A brief table is below. Additionally, more detailed information can be found by consulting weather.gov/media/ohx/PDF/frostfreezeprobs.pdf.
This National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) publication will allow you to look at frost/freeze probability data for all stations
in Tennessee.

Bristol Chattanooga Clarksville Crossville Dyersburg Jackson Knoxville Lawrenceburg McMinnville Memphis Mtn. City Nashville
Last Spring
May 3 April 17 April 27 May 10 April 15 April 18 April 22 April 30 April 28 April 9 May 26 April 21
frost*
First Fall
Oct. 6 Oct. 21 Oct. 4 Oct. 4 Oct. 16 Oct. 13 Oct. 17 Oct. 5 Oct. 6 Oct. 30 Sept. 18 Oct. 10
frost*
*The values reported here are the most conservative because they are dates where there is only a 10 percent chance of a frost occurring after (spring) or before (fall) these dates.

Step 2. Utilize the full selection of UT Extension publications and resources for home gardeners.
Check out UThort.com to find all of these publications and more.
The Tennessee Vegetable Garden Series (W 346-)
A. Site selection and soil testing extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-A.pdf
B. Garden planning, plant preparation and planting extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-B.pdf
C. Managing plant nutrition extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-C.pdf
D. Plant management practices extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-D.pdf
E. Building and using raised beds extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-E.pdf
F. Season extension methods extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-F.pdf
G. Stewardship in soil management extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-G.pdf
H. Growing tomatoes extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-H.pdf
I. Harvest and storage extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-I.pdf
A series of ten crop specific publications on garden vegetables numbers D57-61, D68-71:
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D57.pdf
W 661 Conventional and organic garden products extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W661.pdf
W 316 Home vegetable garden disease control extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W316.pdf
PB 595 You can control garden insects extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB595.pdf
 TASKS FOR JANUARY Getting Started on Your Garden Site — Soil Testing
• Check out this calendar as a fillable PDF to keep records through the year One of the most useful but overlooked practices for the home gardener is soil
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W436.pdf testing. Knowing what nutrients are in your soil and the current pH can make a
• Harvest remaining fall cool-season crops still in the garden. Some of the most big difference in your garden success.
cold hardy are likely to be spinach and kale (below).
Sampling: The Where
• Work on your garden layout and planting plans for this year. These plans Remember, the results are only as good as the sample!
should be based on a rotation among plant families (see December). They • If your area is uniform, you can make one composite sample. Collect 10 to
should also include any changes that are required due to pest and disease 15 subsamples in a grid or zigzag pattern to make sure the overall sample
issues that were seen the prior year. represents the whole area.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-A.pdf
• If the soil appears different in portions of your garden spot, you will need to
• Test germination on remaining garden seed to ensure viability. take multiple samples to represent each distinct area.
• Gather materials for producing transplants (if you grow your own). These
materials should include new or sanitized trays and containers as well as a Sampling: The How
pathogen-free growing substrate designed for seed starting. • If using a soil probe, take soil cores that are 6 inches deep since that is the
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-B.pdf common rooting depth of many vegetable plants.
• Order seeds for your 2020 garden, especially those for transplants. Check out • If using a spade, remove a shovelful of soil 6 inches deep. Then take another
UT trial results to support your selection (see February). thin slice of the soil with the spade that covers the whole 6 inches of the hole.
• In some parts of Tennessee, seeds for cool-season spring transplants will The center of that slice is a great soil sample.
need to be started in January. • Be sure to remove any grass, rocks and other debris from the sample.
• Mix together all the subsamples in a clean (non-galvanized) bucket/
container and allow them to air dry before packaging.

Sampling: The Who

• The UT Soil, Plant and Pest Center (ag.tennessee.edu/spp) has all the needed
testing and mailing information. You can obtain soil test boxes from your
local Extension office.

Soil reports: The What

• Soil test reports provide information on current soil conditions and
recommendations for amending this soil to reach optimum productivity for
the crop. For more info check out this new UT Extension publication:
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W804-A.pdf
Plus, see the new in-season fertilizer page at the end of the calendar!
 JANUARY 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4
Review cultivars and Six weeks until early
crops that performed date to plant kale in
well last year in your West TN. Seed soon if
garden. raising transplants.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Prepare your garden Make sure to follow Review any new
plan—by hand or a rotation of crop cultivars to try this
digitally. families. year and check out
the UT garden trial
report at uthort.com.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Test germination of Prepare seed order for Remember that many
leftover seed from last remaining cool-season diseases can be
year. and warm-season prevented by ordering
seeds for planting. disease-free seed.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Purchase or gather Be sure to purchase These green-colored There are several
materials to prepare pathogen-free media squares remind you record sheets at the
transplants. and clean containers. to keep track of your end of this calendar.
garden. There are also boxes
on each month.

26 27 28 29 30 31

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR FEBRUARY IN THE SPOTLIGHT
The Tennessee Home Garden Variety Trial
• Seed cool-season crops for transplanting if needed. Broccoli, cabbage,
cauliflower and similar crops will need approximately 8 weeks from seeding Have you ever wondered how variety recommendations for home gardeners are
to transplanting. A late March or early April planting will require an early developed? Here in Tennessee, these recommendations are based on research
February seeding. trials at UT AgResearch and Education Centers, and they are also based on data
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D59.pdf collected from citizen scientists across Tennessee. What better source of great
• Order remainder of garden seeds for the 2020 garden. Direct seeded crops information for vegetable gardeners than from vegetable gardeners, right?
can be ordered later, but earlier is better for best selection.
The Tennessee Home Garden Variety Trial program compares home vegetable
• Seed the earliest of warm-season transplants. Peppers often need 10-12
varieties grown in home gardens across the state. It is a straightforward
weeks to produce a nice transplant, so an early May transplant date will
process that begins with a new set of comparisons each year. Participating
require a February seeding.
gardeners can select the trials they would like to grow. Two cultivars of
• If conditions allow, you may prepare soil for early seeded cool-season crops. common garden vegetable crops are compared in each trial and evaluations
Allow plenty of time for cover crops to decompose as this process is slower on germination, yield, taste and crop health are collected. Then, each fall
under cooler conditions. a recommendation publication is created to share this information with
gardeners across the state. You can see all the results at extension.tennessee.
edu/publications/Documents/W657.pdf. Top performers also are highlighted
Starting Your Own Transplants — Location and Lighting throughout this calendar and specifically detailed in October.

Location, Location, Location Join with us for the 2020 trial at extension.tennessee.edu/MasterGardener/
Where to start home garden transplants depends on two important factors: Pages/Vegetable Garden Trials.aspx.
light and temperature. Home greenhouses can be a great spot because of the
good light, but you must also be able to control the temperatures to support
good germination, especially for warm-season crops. Since relatively few folks
have a home greenhouse, many start transplants indoors. Select a spot that
can be kept warm and has good air movement. Then, you will need to focus
on lighting. A cold frame or hotbed can also work well for starting transplants,
especially cool-season crops.
The Sun or a Substitute?
Most indoor locations don’t have enough light for good seedling growth, so
supplemental lighting is essential. The most common plant grow lights are
florescent lights called T5s. Make sure the growing flat is completely under
the light. Lights should be placed 6-10 inches (two-bulb fixtures) or 10-12
inches (four-bulb fixtures) from the top of the plant and run 12-14 hours each
day. Small one-bulb fixtures will likely not provide enough light. Watch your
seedlings' color and stem length/thickness and adjust lighting if stems are thin
or if you see leaf yellowing or burning.
The 2019 pickling cucumber trial of 'Cool Customer' (left) and 'H-19 Little Leaf' (right).
 FEBRUARY 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Six weeks until early Investigate trials of Prepare seed order for
date to plant kale in vegetables before warm-season direct
East TN and cabbage/ making purchases. seeded crops.
broccoli in West TN.
Seed transplants now.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Prepare garden soil Eight weeks from Six weeks until Direct seed peas,
in West TN if not too frost-free date in early date to plant mustard, kale and
wet. Early seeding much of West TN. cabbage, broccoli and collards in West TN if
can be easier in raised Seed warm-season cauliflower in East TN. soil can be prepared.
beds. transplants now. Seed transplants now.

16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Monitor transplants Prepare garden soil Eight weeks from Make sure that young
closely to ensure that in Middle TN if dry frost-free date in transplants are not
they are not over- or enough. much of Middle TN. stretching, which
underwater. Seed warm-season indicates low light or
transplants now. high N.

23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Direct seed peas, Prepare garden soil in Eight weeks from
mustard, kale and East TN if dry enough. frost-free date in
collards in much of much of East TN.
Middle TN if soil can Seed warm-season
be prepared. transplants now.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR MARCH IN THE SPOTLIGHT
Why Didn’t My Seed Come Up?
• Seed the remainder of warm-season transplants. Tomato transplants require
6 to 8 weeks, so a March 1 seeding provides transplants for a May 1 transplant Germination is a complex plant process that requires moisture, air (oxygen)
date under good conditions. and the right temperature. We want to make sure that our soil or media is
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-B.pdf moist enough that seeds can take up water to start germination, but not so wet
• Prepare garden soil if conditions allow. Remember that if you are tilling in that there is little air movement or increased risk of disease. Gardeners think
a cover crop, a few weeks may be needed to decompose the cover crop often about air temperature and frost dates, but soil temperatures are quite
material. Also allow time for other organic materials to break down if not fully important as well for seed germination.
composted to prevent competition with plants for nutrients.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-G.pdf What can gardeners do to support good germination?
• Seed or transplant cool-season crops. Hardy cool-season crops are usually 1. Don’t plant seeds too early when temperatures are below optimum;
seeded or transplanted 4-6 weeks before the frost free date, while less cold germination will be slower and chances of seed loss will be higher. See the
hardy cool-season crops are usually started 2 weeks prior. table below that shows length of time to germination based on temperature.
weather.gov/media/ohx/PDF/frostfreezeprobs.pdf 2. Plant when soils are moist but not saturated. Don’t let seeds dry out.
• Install row covers or low tunnels over early season transplants to increase day 3. Make sure there is good seed-to-soil contact to enable the seed to take up
and night temperatures and support season growth. water well and quickly.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-F.pdf
4. Don’t plant the seed too deeply. Check out W 346-B referenced on the left
• Don’t forget to harden off any transplants (see April) to reduce stress and for information on seeding depth.
loss once placed in the ground.
Additional note: Sometimes home garden seeds are treated with fungicides to
reduce the risk of decay before or during germination. Additionally, a number
of biological seed treatments are available for gardeners.

How much does soil temperature really matter?

Days to germination at 59 F Days to germination at 77 F

Snap bean 16 8
Sweet corn 12 4
Cucumber 13 4
Lettuce 4 2
Pepper 25 8
Tomato 14 6
*Data from UCANR publication 164220 http://sacmg.ucanr.edu/files/164220.pdf
 MARCH 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Direct seed peas, Plant or seed lettuce Early to mid-March is Be prepared for Use your soil test Keep track of crops on
mustard, kale and outdoors in West TN. the best time to plant succession seeding of results to add the record sheet at the
collards in much of Plant Irish potatoes in asparagus. It prefers a cool-season crops. pre-plant fertilizer back of this calendar.
East TN if soil can be West TN. Also direct 50 F soil temperature. applications to the
prepared. seed beets. garden.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Daylight Saving Plant or seed lettuce Direct seed peas, Time to transplant Row covers or low
Time Begins in Middle TN. Also mustard, kale and cabbage, cauliflower tunnels can be a great
consider planting Irish collards in much of and broccoli in way to push early
Potatoes if ground can East TN if soil can be West TN. season crops.
be well prepared. prepared.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Watch for signs of Early date to plant Maintain succession For a May 10 Carrots can be planted
maturity in cool crops potatoes in East TN. seeding of transplant date, today in most of the state in
such as radish to cool-season leafy could be the seeding March.
prevent harvesting crops. date for warm-season
too late. transplants. VERNAL EQUINOX

22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Early date to plant Peas and potatoes Direct seeded Remember, a cover
cabbage and broccoli should all be seeded cool-season leafy crop needs a few
in East TN. by late March in crops should still be weeks to break down
West TN. able to mature in late before planting.
April or early May.

29 30 31

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR APRIL
• Finish site preparation if not completed. Use proper pre-plant fertilizer.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-C.pdf
• Finish direct seeding and transplanting cool-season crops to prevent them
from maturing under hot summer conditions. A 35-day lettuce direct seeded
April 1 will need until approximately May 5th to mature. Even early maturing
broccoli and cabbage transplants usually take at least 45-50 days from
transplanting.
• Harvest may begin on the earliest seeded leafy crops or root crops.
• Begin purchasing transplants of warm-season crops. See right sidebar.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D60.pdf
• It is common to seed some direct seeded warm-season crops a bit before
the frost free date (beans, corn). Be cautious of soil temperatures, though,
TALKIN’ TRANSPLANTS
especially if you are seeding untreated seeds or supersweet corn. What Every Gardener Should Look For
• Transplants of warm-season crops can be planted in Tennessee in April What transplants should I buy?
after frost free dates. However, soil temperatures support root growth, and Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and Brussels
sometimes early transplant dates are not all that helpful due to cool soils. sprouts are all commonly transplanted. Cucumbers, muskmelons, watermelon
• Harden off your transplants before placing them in the garden. and summer squash can be grown or purchased as transplants, but sometimes
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-B.pdf direct seeded crops perform just as well in the garden.

Where should I buy transplants?

Handy Notes for Hardening Vegetable Transplants Purchase transplants from garden centers that you trust. Proper handling and
care of transplants will pay dividends in your garden through the season as
Hardening refers to slowly subjecting plants to conditions more like what they healthier plants transplant better. Plus, there are several diseases that can be
will experience in the garden. This practice lowers stress and can increase seed-borne, so you want to buy plants from growers who buy high-quality
survival after transplanting. Typically plants are hardened for 1-2 weeks. seeds and grow in an environment that reduces disease potential.
Homegrown transplants will need to be hardened, and sometimes purchased
transplants will as well depending on their environment. What should I look for in transplants?
Choose stocky plants that are free from all signs of insects or disease and do
Vegetable Day temp. (F) Methods not have damaged or yellow leaves. Transplants should be a healthy green
color to indicate they are not nutrient deficient. Also, choose plants that are
Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower 60 to 70 Lower temp.
not too old or stunted. Very mature transplants may not produce well after
Lettuce 60 to 65 Lower temp./moisture transplanting. This is not the time to shop for bargains because transplant
Cucumber, squash 70 to 75 Reduce moisture health often directly impacts garden performance.
Eggplant 70 to 75 Lower temp./moisture
Pepper 65 to 75 Lower temp./moisture
Tomato 65 to 75 Lower temp./moisture
Watermelon 70 to 85 Reduce moisture
 APRIL 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4
Nearing the end of It could be a good Consider seeding Direct seeding of early
dates to direct seed time to plant beets turnips or mustard in beans and sweet corn
spinach. and peas in East TN. East TN. could begin in
West TN.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Make sure to Prepare mulched beds Don’t forget to also Nearing the end of Direct seeding of early Keep track of the
follow soil test ahead of time if using prepare irrigation if dates to direct seed beans and sweet corn Spring rains in the
recommendations for plastic mulch. using plastic mulch. lettuce. could begin in weather blocks at the
pre-plant fertilization. Middle TN. bottom of the page.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Nearing the end of Many warm-season Determine how much If buying transplants, Direct seeding of early
dates to direct seed transplants can be pest control materials look for stocky, dark beans and sweet corn
kale in West TN. placed in soil in remain from previous green seedlings with could begin in
West TN. year. no sign of pest or Middle TN.
disease.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Many warm-season Make sure to April and into early When was that last
transplants can be transplant at a time May is the time to frost this year? Make
placed in soil in when the soil temp plant turnips in sure to note it!
Middle TN. is warm enough for East TN.
good root growth.

26 27 28 29 30
Okra can be seeded
for West TN.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR MAY Garden Fertility FAQs
• Harvest cool-season crops, and watch for pests/diseases (see June). If some fertilizer is good, more is better, right?
• Seed succession plantings of common warm-season direct seeded crops, Nope, exceeding recommendations for fertilizers will not help your garden.
such as beans and sweet corn. Your soil report recommendations are made based on your soil conditions and
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D61.pdf will provide nutrients in optimum ranges. Exceeding the optimum can lead
to nutrient deficiencies because excesses of some nutrients can lead to poor
• Prepare beds that will be in plastic mulch prior to planting transplants. Black uptake of others. Plus, there is the waste in terms of money and nutrients lost
plastic can warm the soil and speed early growth of transplants. Make sure to the environment. Also remember that if your pH is not in the correct range,
to provide irrigation if using plastic mulch. Sometimes natural mulches, such you may not get a response from fertilizer at any level.
as straw, are applied a few weeks after planting as they can reflect light and
actually slow soil warming. How should I apply fertilizer before planting?
• Continue transplanting warm-season crops. Peppers and eggplants prefer You can broadcast. This common method of fertilizer application is where the
even warmer soil conditions than tomatoes and are often planted later. material is spread evenly over the surface of the soil. Tilling can then be done
Make sure that young transplants are watered in and given a starter fertilizer to evenly mix the fertilizer within the top 3 to 4 inches of the soil. Fertilizer can
solution to support early growth. also be broadcast in areas that will not be tilled where rain will move nutrients
into the soil.
• Set up your irrigation system as transplants are placed in the garden. Drip
irrigation is best to maintain dry leaves and reduce disease risks.
You can band. This means fertilizer is placed in a band approximately 3 inches
• Set up stakes, trellises, cages and support systems for your plants. It is best on the side of and 3 inches below the planting row. Banding can be used
to have these set up at or soon after planting. instead of broadcasting if you prefer to grow no-till, if the crop is already
• Don’t let weeds get started in the garden. Take control early with mulches planted, or if rows are spaced widely and broadcasting might be less efficient.
and proactive management. extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W804-A.pdf
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-D.pdf

Summer Squash Standouts

Summer just wouldn’t seem real to a gardener in Tennessee if there weren’t
fresh squash! From green to yellow and crookneck to zucchini, there are
many excellent options for the Tennessee gardener. All summer squash are
warm-season crops that can be transplanted or direct seeded after danger
of frost. Many bear in 40-50 days and can be harvested for several weeks if
they remain healthy. Many newer squash have good resistance or tolerance to
viruses that are common in southern gardens.
Here are a few cultivars to consider:
Green zucchini: Raven (dark green), Tigress (lighter green), Bossa Nova (light
green and mottled, see image in March)
Yellow zucchini: Goldmine, Easy Pick Gold, Golden Star
Yellow squash: Tempest (slightly striped), Zephyr (has green tip) (See image on
right where these cultivars are center and right)
Check out our new UT Extension publication on cucurbits in the garden for all
the details! extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D62.pdf
 MAY 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2
Direct seed Many warm-season
cucumbers in West transplants can be
and Middle TN. placed in soil in
East TN.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Do your cool-season Direct seed cucurbits Some gardeners wait Record your favorite In many parts of Remember, it is also Seedless watermelons
leafy crops need in East TN. until soil warms to cool-season crops this Tennessee, heat-loving about soil temps, not and supersweet corn
any fertilizer install natural mulches year at the end of the plants such as peppers just air temps. will germinate poorly
side-dressing? such as straw. calendar. and eggplant can wait if soil is too cool.
to be transplanted.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Be ready to harvest This is the early date Succession planting Have some common Be scouting on a
cool-season crops for seeding okra in could also be done insecticides and regular basis to
at the peak of their East TN. for zucchini or fungicides on hand. prevent getting
quality. cucumbers. caught off guard by
pests or diseases.

17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Sweet potatoes are Continue succession When you do see
often one of the last seeding of corn and diseases or insects,
crops to be planted. beans. make a record of
them at the end of the
calendar.

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR JUNE Fast Facts about Fungicides in the Home Garden
• Be on the lookout for maturity in the first corn and bean plantings (see • Scout early and often so that you know if
August). extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D58.pdf diseases (like early blight on right) are cropping
up in your garden.
• Manage soil after cool-season crops are removed. Those areas may be a
good location for a summer cover crop, such as buckwheat, to prevent weed • Protective fungicides — from treated seed
growth and add organic matter. If you plant warm-season crops immediately to protective sprays — are great tools. It is
after removing cool-season crops, be sure to follow a crop rotation that important to time sprays to disease infection
moves to a different family (see December). windows, cover well with the spray, and follow
recommended spray intervals.
• Some of the latest warm-season crops to be planted are often watermelons
and pumpkins as well as sweet potatoes. • Few garden fungicides have strong curative
properties; focus on prevention.
• You can still be succession planting corn and beans.
• Fungicides can’t replace sanitation, rotation and
• Make sure your irrigation system is functioning well and manage weeds. disease resistant cultivars. Use these practices
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-D.pdf together for the best effect.
• Scout for any issues with pests or disease at least weekly.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB595.pdf
Bacillus subtilis - Serenade Garden Organic. These products contain live
• If conditions support disease infection or if you see signs of disease, you may Disease Control, Cease bacteria and can generally be used up to
the day of harvest.
need a protective spray program.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W316.pdf Chlorothalonil - Daconil, Bonide Best used as a protectant. Specific crops,
Fung-onil, Ortho Garden Disease Control mixing rates, as well as pre-harvest
intervals and maximum number of sprays
Scouting — Playing Sherlock in the Vegetable Garden per year are on label.
Copper (Copper sulfate, fixed copper) Organic. Some formulations are easier
- Bonide Liquid Copper Fungicide, to get in solution and spray. Specific
• Do it frequently — at least once or twice a week. Monterey liquid copper, Camelot O crops, mixing rates, as well as pre-harvest
intervals and maximum number of sprays
• Inspect the whole field in z pattern if large or per year are on label.
every plant if you have a small garden.
Mancozeb - Dithane, Manzate, Bonide Best used as a protectant. Specific crops,
• Make sure to check the interior of the plants and Mancozeb Flowable w/Zinc mixing rates, as well as pre-harvest
the underside of leaves; don’t just glance over intervals and maximum number of sprays
per year are on label.
the plants.
Neem oil - Garden Safe Fungicide, Organic. Botanical extracts with
• Look for discoloration or distortion and signs of Monterey Neem Oil insecticidal activity. Sprays should always
insects (feeding damage or excrement). be made to avoid flying bees and other
pollinators.
• Take a hand lens, markers and bags for samples,
Potassium bicarbonate - GreenCure, Organic. Specific diseases controlled or
as well as a camera.
Milstop, Agricure suppressed are on the label.
• Do your own research, but don’t be afraid to send Sulfur - Bonide Sulfur Plant Fungicide, Organic. Some sulfur products are mixed
in samples to your local Extension office or the Yellow Jacket Special Dusting Sulfur, with an insecticide (Earth-tone 3n1 also
UT Soil, Plant and Pest Center. Espoma Earth-tone 3n1 Disease Control contains organic pyrethrin), so sprays
https://ag.tennessee.edu/spp/Pages/PDI.aspx should be made to avoid flying bees and
Excrement of a other pollinators.
tobacco hornworm.
Check out extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W661.pdf.
 JUNE 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4 5 6
Remove covers over Many warm-season Support your growing Keep scouting for If there have been Are the fruiting crops
crops if temps get too crops, such as corn, tomato plants with pests and disease. frequent rains or flowering yet? Mark
hot or crops need to and many cucurbits stake and twine or Check leaf undersides lots of moisture, a it down on the page
be pollinated. can still be succession cages. and interior leaves. protective fungicide at the end of the
planted. might be needed. calendar.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Succession planting Don’t forget to attend Early beans may be Still time to get some Keep an eye out for
of beans should be the Fruits of the close to harvest in okra seeded. cool-season crops to
nearly done in Backyard field day in many areas. Some can harvest.
West TN. Spring Hill, Tennessee. mature in only 50-55
days.

14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Keep track of when Keep an eye on plant Harvest summer Be ready for Enjoy the longest
you apply fertilizer health and be ready squash while the skin side-dressing for gardening evening of
and how much you with fungicide if is still glossy. many crops that are the year!
apply. needed. setting fruit.
JUNE SOLSTICE

21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Keep on picking! Succession planting Watch out for early Make sure to keep
of beans should be blight on your track of anything you
nearly done in tomatoes. spray. A record sheet
East TN. is found at the back.

28 29 30 Time your pumpkin

planting to mature
A 100-day pumpkin
seeded on June 30
Keep an eye out for A summer cover crop Peppers can be in early to mid-fall. would be estimated
mature sweet corn. of buckwheat can transplanted through August pumpkins are to mature around
A 70-day cultivar work well behind a June, but later crops less exciting. October 10.
seeded on April 20 spring cool-season may need attention to
could be ready! crop. water.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR JULY Intro to Irrigation in the Home Garden
• Consider succession planting of zucchini or later season tomatoes. We estimate that our gardens need 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week. Often
• Pick tomatoes, beans, corn and other warm-season crops (see August). rainfall is variable and we need to supplement to reach these levels for summer
and especially in fall crops. Early growth and fruit set or fill are some of the
• Manage irrigation as needed, but try to reduce leaf wetness and overhead most important times for carefully monitoring vegetable watering.
watering.
• Manage fertility through proper side dressing and in-season fertilizer Watering Methods
applications.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-C.pdf 1. Overhead irrigation
• Manage weeds. Gardeners are often tempted to water their gardens in the same way they
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-D.pdf water their lawns — with overhead sprinklers. While easy and relatively low
cost, overhead sprinklers are not very uniform and can be wasteful. Also, they
• Scout frequently for insect or disease issues and spray as needed. See June.
increase the time plant leaves are wet, which can lead to increased disease
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W316.pdf
issues in our humid and warm climates. We want to avoid overhead watering in
• Select cool-season crops and cultivars for fall and place seed order. the garden if at all possible.
• Some cool-season crops (Brussels sprouts, cauliflower) will likely need to be
seeded in July if you are starting your own transplants. 2A. Drip irrigation: Soaker Hose
Soaker hoses are another example of a landscape tool that is often used in
• Pumpkins should be seeded according to maturity. A 100-day pumpkin the vegetable garden. These hoses are readily available and are certainly an
seeded on July 1 would be estimated to mature October 11. improvement over overhead irrigation. However, they can be expensive and
may not evenly deliver water along their entire length of the hose due to
pressure or elevation changes.

2B. Drip irrigation: Trickle or Drip Tape

Trickle or drip tape can be a great means of watering
for vegetable gardens both large and small. Simple
drip irrigation systems can be relatively economical
and are often available as kits so that gardeners don’t
have to piece together all of the components. They
are a benefit because leaves stay drier and water is
evenly applied to the row. The image on the left shows
drip tape installed over straw mulch, but it also can be
installed under black plastic. This tape is plastic with
a thin wall that has water emitters embedded in the
plastic at specific intervals, which can vary based on
soil or crop (see image on right). Drip systems can be
installed to automatically operate by using timers, or
they can simply be connected to a water hose when
irrigation is required.
 JULY 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4
Don’t forget to get Keep scouting; don’t Record those harvests
those pumpkins get too busy with on the record sheets
seeded soon. harvests. at the back of this
calendar.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Make sure that you Many cool-season A 6-week-old You better not miss Keep an eye out for
have enough seed for crops will need to be transplant for an Summer Celebration mature sweet corn.
fall cool-season crops. seeded in July. August 22 planting in Jackson, Tennessee! You must hurry to
would be seeded beat the varmints!
today.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Don’t let the weeds Have you seen any of Watch the irrigation Practice good Keep on picking!
get ahead of you. those pesky tomato/ and make sure that sanitation. If a plant
Annual weeds that go tobacco hornworms? growing plants are not is damaged/diseased
to seed only create If so, make a record getting too dry or wet. remove it and place it
future issues. of them! far from other crops.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Do you have enough In many parts of Don’t let disease get Make sure to follow Keep a record of your
seed for a late Tennessee, late July ahead of you. There pre-harvest intervals sprays and track their
planting of summer will be the time to is still much harvest listed on pesticide efficacy for future
squash or other start fall cool-season time left if plants are labels. reference.
cucurbits? transplants. healthy.

26 27 28 29 30 31
Are your Brussels
sprouts planted?
Long season cool
crops may need to be
planted soon.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR AUGUST IN THE SPOTLIGHT
Proper Picking
• Keep picking warm-season crops. Proper picking times are critical to enjoy
the highest quality in home vegetable crops. Also, timely picking can support
Cool Season
the highest level of production for many garden vegetables.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-I.pdf Beets Often roots 1 ½ to 2 inches in size have the highest quality.
Broccoli When flower buds are still dark or bright green (not yellow) and
• Practice proper canning, freezing or drying to preserve garden produce for are tight (have not begun to open).
later use.
Cabbage When heads become firm and heavy and it is harder to compress
• Don’t let the weeds get ahead of you and produce seeds. leaves.

• Late plantings of summer squash can be done this month. Carrots When roots are of appropriate size, firm, and brittle. Tops are often
about 1 inch in diameter. Image on left courtesy of Randi Nott, one
• Keep an eye on soil moisture levels, irrigation and any need for side dressing of our home garden variety trial citizen scientists.
for fruiting crops. Radish When firm and brightly colored but less than 1 ½ inches in
diameter. Attaining large sizes can lead to a pithy or less firm root.
• Prepare soils for fall cool-season crops and maintain crop rotations.
Turnips After they reach 2 inches in diameter, but while still tender.
• Transplant fall cool-season crops that take the most days to mature.
Warm Season
Beans, snap While pods snap easily (as opposed to being tough and flexible)
Reasons Not to Forget Fabulous Fall Garden Crops and seeds are still green.

• You get another cool-season crop opportunity. Corn, sweet Kernels should be filled out nearly to the end of the ear and milky
if crushed. Silks dried down.
• Cool temps during maturation can increase Cucumber When seeds are small, flesh is still firm, and color is green.
crop quality.
Eggplant When fruit is still shiny and the color has not dulled. Edible from
• Season extension techniques can provide 1/3 grown until full grown.
winter cool-season crop harvests. Muskmelon When melons can be lifted and the vine pulls away from the fruit
with little resistance (slips).
• Less sweating!
Okra When pods are 2 ½ to 3 ½ inches long and tender.
Pepper When full size and firm. Green is immature, and fruit will color to
red, yellow, or orange and contain more sugars when ripe.
Secrets to Fall Success Potato, sweet After reaching desired size, but before moist and cool fall soil
conditions reduce quality and storage life.
1. Maintain moisture — Seeding during the late summer means that moisture for
germination and early growth is critical. Late summer heat and uneven rainfall Squash, summer When skin is still tender and glossy and the large end (zucchini) is
1 to 2 ½ inches in diameter.
mean that special attention is required.
Squash, winter When rind has hardened and is not easily scratched.
2. Manage weeds — Ensure that weeds do not overtake or out-compete.
Tomato When uniformly colored (pink to orange) but still somewhat firm.
3. Monitor for disease and insects — Young seedlings may be grown with older Watermelon When tendrils next to fruit die back and the rind on the underside
plants, so practice close scouting. of the fruit turns from white to a creamy yellow.
4. Apply needed fertilizer — Soil used for spring or summer crops may be low in
some necessary nutrients, so reapply N or other nutrients if needed.
 AUGUST 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1
Transplants for many
fall crops in East TN
are planted in early to
mid-August.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Practice good Record any disease Keep on scouting and How can you Knoxville first frost
sanitation in the issues and how well manage weeds. It can determine when to average is October 22.
garden to prevent disease is controlled help this year and plant fall crops? 50 days + 10 for fall
disease spread. by any applied sprays. next year! Example: A zucchini slower growing + 14
that will mature in days to harvest is an
50 days. August 9 seeding.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15
If you are buying Make sure you have When should you Nashville first avg. frost is October 28. 60
fall transplants, look the seed for direct plant fall crops? days + 10 for slower fall growth. We can plan
for young, actively seeded cool-season Example: A broccoli to harvest for a couple weeks after frost.
growing plants. crops. transplant that will Seventy days back from November 11 is
mature in 60 days. September 2. Or July 22 to grow a 6-week-old
transplant yourself.

16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Get those "best of Direct seeded fall How can you Nashville first avg. frost is October 28. 35 days
show" crops ready for cool-season crops determine when to + 10 for slower fall growth. We can plan to
the county fair! will require attention plant fall crops? harvest for a couple weeks after frost, though.
and water for best Ex: a lettuce that will Count back 45 days from November 11. Aim for
germination. mature in 35 days. about a September 27 seeding.

23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Plan your cover crops Attend the Fall Winter squash is
for fall and make sure Gardeners’ Festival in ready to harvest when
you order enough Crossville, Tennessee! rind hardens. Does
seed. it scratch with your
fingernail?

30 31 Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR SEPTEMBER IN THE SPOTLIGHT
Converting to Cover Crops
• Keep picking warm-season crops. Canning, freezing and drying are all
options for preservation. Why use a cover crop?
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-I.pdf
• Improve soil structure by adding organic matter.
• Don’t let those late season weeds get ahead of you and go to seed.
• Reduce soil compaction and crusting because of the organic matter additions
• Keep an eye on soil moisture levels and manage pests as some of the and actions of cover crop roots.
warm-season fruiting crop harvests come to a close.
• Increase infiltration of water and reduce soil erosion.
• Later planted beans, tomatoes, summer squash and other warm-season
crops may require frequent attention in scouting and pest management to • Reduce weed growth, and some even provide nitrogen after they die or
ensure good yields. suppress insect or disease populations.

• Make sure that fall cool-season crops are properly watered and fertilized.
Germination and early growth of leafy crops and brassicas require even When can you use a cover crop?
moisture and appropriate nitrogen levels. Cover crops can be a great winter cover in your garden to add organic matter
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D70.pdf and prevent soil loss in the off season. However, they also can also be used
• Transplant and direct seed fall cool-season crops. Keep in mind that days to during breaks in crops in the main growing season to add organic matter or
harvest estimates often need to be lengthened in the cooler and lower light suppress weed germination and growth. A summer buckwheat crop is shown in
days of fall. the image on the left.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/D68.pdf
What are common cover crop species?
• Many cover crops are best seeded in September to get good stands.
• Legumes (peas, beans, clover, vetch, alfalfa) have root nodules that contain
N-fixing bacteria. This nitrogen will be available for later crops after the
legume is killed and incorporated into the soil.
• Grasses (cereal rye, barley, wheat and oats) that would be grain crops if
grown to maturity are some of the most common cover crops. They are
grown because they are economical, easily established and can produce
large amounts of plant material in a relatively short period of time. These
crops stabilize the soil, prevent erosion and help break some plant disease or
pest cycles in addition to increasing organic matter.
• Buckwheat (in image on left), rape and radishes are examples of cover crops
that are neither a grass nor a legume. These crops can increase organic
matter, improve soil structure and some have biofumigation properties
(decomposing tissue releases compounds to suppress pests or disease in the
soil) when incorporated.

extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-G.pdf
 SEPTEMBER 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4 5
Early fall is often the Keep track of how Do some research on
driest time of the much and how often cover crops to make
year in Tennessee. watering is needed. sure they are best for
Be prepared to meet Without rain, estimate your system and crop
crop water needs. 1-2 inches per week. rotation.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12
It’s Labor Day! Keep Keep on eye out for Most cabbage,
on picking those pests/disease on your broccoli and
warm-season crops. cool-season crops. cauliflower should
Row covers can be transplanted by
reduce insects. mid-September in
West TN.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Brassicas, lettuce Are your fall Have you seen any Want a few leafy Containers can also
and many fall crops cool-season crops of those pesky crops for fall without be a great way to
are fast growing and getting enough armyworms? If so, managing a whole produce a bit of fresh
may need a fertilizer water? record make a record garden? Build a small produce for late fall.
side-dressing. of them! raised bed.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Many cover crops may Vetch and other September through In fact, here in Remove warm-season If the plants were
produce best in East legumes benefit from November are the Tennessee, we can crops as they finish healthy, it could be a
TN with a September early fall seeding, times to plant garlic grow both hardneck producing to lighten great time to begin a
seeding. while rye can be across Tennessee. and softneck garlic. the load of fall compost pile.
sown later. See November for cleanup.
AUTUMNAL EQUINOX info.

27 28 29 30
It is getting close to A row cover or low Watch for high temps
the end of seeding tunnel can add a under cover on very
for fall leafy crops in couple of weeks to the warm September
Middle and East TN. fall season. days.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR OCTOBER IN THE SPOTLIGHT
Tennessee Top Performers From The Home Garden
• Continue picking any remaining warm- or early cool-season crops. Variety Trial
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-I.pdf
• Keep an eye on soil moisture levels and manage pests as warm-season Crop Why We Love It in Our Tennessee Gardens
fruiting crop harvests finish and cool season begins. Genovese basil Plant health, yield, good for small spaces
• If you are participating in the Tennessee Home Garden Variety Trial, be sure
to send in your evaluations so we can compile reports and recommendations Crockett green bush bean Yield, flavor, health, appearance (dark green color)
on varieties.
Kentucky Wonder pole bean Quick germination, growth, flavor, yield
• Ensure that fall cool-season crops are properly watered and fertilized. As
temperatures cool, they will need less water.
Diva cucumber Appearance (smooth fruit), flavor, yield, pickling
• Seed/transplant fall cool-season crops with shorter days to harvest.
• October is still a great time to seed cover crops. extension.tennessee.edu/ Straight Eight cucumber Germination, yield, appearance, flavor, pickling
publications/Documents/W346-G.pdf
Saladmore cucumber (below) Flavor, yield, long production season, compact plant
• Take soil tests and make adjustments to pH as recommended.
General Lee cucumber Flavor, yield, plant hardiness, fruit size

The Real Deal on Garden Soil pH Sugar Cube Muskmelon Flavor, yield, small size for easy eating

What is pH and does it really matter?

Candle Fire Okra Appearance (beautiful red pod), yield, flavor, health,
Soil pH, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity, affects how available mineral pods stayed tender longer on plant
nutrients are to plants. High or low pH can lead to nutrients in soil not being
Raven zucchini Early maturity, yield, flavor, appearance, fruit size
found in an optimal form for plants to take up. Phosphorus is a good example
of a nutrient that can be present in different forms. Under low or high pH
Bossa Nova zucchini Early maturity, yield, flavor, health, vigor, appearance
conditions (less than 5.5 or more than 7.0), it becomes less available. Important
micronutrients can also be less available or even too available at certain pH
Tempest summer squash Flavor, yield, long production season
ranges. For instance, low pH can cause aluminum to be available in toxic
amounts while iron and manganese may become less available under high pH
Zephyr summer squash Flavor, appearance, shelf life, long season
conditions. Soil chemistry is important, but soil biology can also be impacted
by pH because it can alter the activity of microorganisms. Even the effect of
herbicides can depend on pH.

How do gardeners manage pH?

The level of pH is managed by following soil test recommendations for adding
lime (to increase) or sulfur (to decrease) pH. Another important factor is timing
because these materials need time to act in the soil to adjust pH. Fall can be a
great time to address pH in your garden. Want to learn more?
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-C.pdf
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W804-A.pdf
 OCTOBER 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3
Make sure to clean up Keep good notes on
warm-season crops the cultivars that did
to prevent disease well or not as well in
spread. your garden this year.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Getting close to the Remember, cool Be on the lookout for Also be on the lookout
end of time to direct season crops can fruit from late seeded for first frosts in parts
seed fall crops in survive low temps but warm-season crops. of East TN.
West TN. may not grow and
produce much yield in
some areas.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Many cover crops can You don’t have to October is a great Take 10-15 Make sure that late What were your
still produce well in seed the whole time to take soil sub-samples about 6 season crops have favorite peppers and
East TN if planted in garden in cover at samples. inches deep. adequate (but not tomatoes this year?
mid-October. once. Cool-season excessive) water and Make sure to write
sections can be last. nutrients. down the varieties.

18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sometimes brassica Have you had a frost Bring your tools in Extend the life of your
crops taste better yet? Write it down in from the garden. tools with proper
after they are exposed the record sheet in the Clean them well. sharpening and oiling.
to a bit of frost. back of this calendar. See November.

25 26 27 28 29 30 31
We are getting close Review soil reports Enjoy a homegrown
to first frosts in many and make additions if jack-o'-lantern for
areas of West TN. needed to adjust pH Halloween!
for next year.

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR NOVEMBER Garlic in the Garden
• Finish picking remaining warm-season crops. If frost is approaching, unripe Fast facts about garlic:
tomatoes can be harvested to preserve the last of the crop. • It is a monocot in the allium family planted as a clove (bulb) rather than seeds.
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W346-H.pdf
• It is planted in the late fall (September through early November) and
• Make sure to remove crop debris from the garden that was diseased to harvested in early summer. Most varieties require 180-220 days to mature.
reduce inoculum.
• Fall is a great time to set up a compost pile with the (disease-free) debris Sites and types:
from your garden along with leaf and lawn clippings.
www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/ho/ho75/ho75.pdf • Choose a loose, friable soil (good organic
matter) with pH between 6.0 and 6.5.
• Ensure that fall cool-season crops are properly watered, fertilized and
harvested. As temperatures cool, less water will be needed. • Try a slightly raised bed for good drainage
during our often wet Tennessee winters.
• There are some cover crops that can still be seeded in November, so don’t
assume that a late fall crop prevents you from seeding a cover crop in your • Tennessee is transitional between the
garden to protect it for the winter. extension.tennessee.edu/publications/ hardneck and softneck growing regions, so
Documents/W235-G.pdf we can try them all! Hardneck can produce
larger cloves and potentially higher yields.
It may also be more winter hardy than
IN THE SPOTLIGHT — Fall Tasks With Spring Payoff softneck. Elephant garlic (actually a leek) is
also grown in Tennessee. Try several to find
• Cut and remove all the twine and string before pulling out wooden and metal one or more that have the hardiness, flavor
and size that you like best. A hardneck garlic called 'Purple
stakes. Remember that some diseases can remain on stakes, so if you reuse Glazer' at harvest in mid-June.
next year, try a different crop family. (Lucas Holman image)
• Pull up any plastic mulch; it is much easier when it is still intact. Planting and management in the garden:
• Gather all your tools and clean them well. Remove soil and clean with warm • Often planted in grids of 4 inches by 4 inches with cloves 1-1 ½ inches deep.
soapy water or even a 10 percent bleach solution to sterilize. Cleaning will
• Winter crops can have lower pest levels, but do scout for disease/insects.
lengthen the life of the tool and also prevent disease from soil or debris from
being spread to crops grown next year. • Control weeds; they definitely can reduce yields in garlic crops.
• For metal, use a wire brush to remove any rust. Coarse sandpaper would
work as well. Sand wooden handles if not coated with polyurethane. When to harvest and how to cure:
• Sharpen your tools carefully with a file or grinder, and be sure to wear Pull some bulbs in mid-May to mid-June and look for segmented cloves with a
eye protection! tight outer skin. Should have four to six wrapper leaves (which are shells around
• Tools (wooden and metal parts) can be oiled for protection by using a boiled garlic). Cure in well-ventilated area out of the sun for about 6 weeks.
linseed oil.
 NOVEMBER 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Daylight Saving Carrots can be stored Did you get your Keep harvesting your Clean up any stakes
Time Ends in ground for a little garlic planted? various cool-season or debris from the
while, but be sure to crops. garden.
pull them before the
ground freezes.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Even if it is a It may even be close Keep notes on the Write those notes
mid-November to a first frost in crops and cultivars in the record sheets
seeding, a cover crop Memphis by now! that performed well in the back of this
like rye can still be for you this year. calendar.
of benefit.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21
What were some What were some Knowing your There are many
of your pest issues of the disease issues gardening challenges resistant varieties that
this year? you faced? is great info to help can help you address
select crops for disease issues.
next year.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 TASKS FOR DECEMBER Round and Round We Go: Vegetable Garden Rotation
• Harvest any remaining fall cool-season crops. Lettuce, chard and beets can For the home gardener, rotation involves moving crops to different locations
be less cold hardy than kale and spinach in some areas. in the garden to prevent the build-up of pathogens in the soil. This type of
• Take stock of the completed gardening season and make sure you rotation is most effective against pathogens that survive in soil or on crop
have good records of problems encountered and control practices that remains for a short period of time. It is common for pathogens to infect related
worked well. Use the information from the completed season and rotation crops, so rotation is based on not planting the same families in the same area.
guidelines to plan for next year. extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W316.pdf
• Sort and count any remaining seeds to determine what may need to
Crop family Common home garden crops
be ordered.
Apiaceae Carrot, celery, parsnip
• While it may seem early, December can be a great time to order seeds for
your 2021 garden, especially those you plan to grow as transplants
Chenopodiaceae Beet, spinach, chard
(see January-March).
• Clean any remaining stakes, plants or debris from the garden (excluding any Cucurbitaceae Cucumber, squash, pumpkin, watermelon
plants that you intend to overwinter). Try to rotate this overwintering area
of the garden to make sure that every section receives a cover crop as often Poaceae Corn
as possible.
• Clean, repair (if needed) and store your garden tools for next year. Malvaceae Okra

Brassicaceae Broccoli, mustard, Brussels sprouts, kale, collards, kohlrabi,

Tales from the Garden — Fact or Folklore? turnip, cabbage, cauliflower, radish
Solanaceae Tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant
• Cherokee Purple tomatoes (image on right) were grown by Native
Americans in our region? Well, genetic research puts the truth of the name Alliaceae Chives, garlic, leek, onion
in question, but there is no doubt that the heirloom seed from a gardener
in Sevierville, Tennessee, that ended up in the Seed Savers Exchange Fabaceae Beans, peas, edamame
catalog in the early 1990s helped an entire generation of gardeners fall in
love with tomatoes! Asteraceae Lettuce, sunflower, endive

• Always plant potatoes on Good Friday? Sure, some years maybe, but always
is a pretty rare garden occurrence in Tennessee!
• Adding sugar to the soil can increase tomato sweetness? The soil
microbes might appreciate it, but sugars in the tomato fruit come from
photosynthesis and are influenced by genetics, water, nutrition and other
growing conditions.
• Planting peppers when you are mad makes them hotter? Probably not, but,
scientists have found that getting certain soil bacteria on your hands when
you garden can increase serotonin — our natural antidepressant. So, getting
your hands in the soil when planting might actually make you happier!
 DECEMBER 2020
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
1 2 3 4 5
There can be great Sort and count You could even test
December harvests remaining seeds to germination (take
of cool-season crops prevent over-ordering percentage of 10-25
in many parts of for next year. seeds) to confirm
Tennessee. viability.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12
It is almost seed Clean and store your
catalog time. Don’t tools for next year.
be afraid to get some
early orders in.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Start to think about Map out crop It is a great time to
the garden plan for rotations for next year service tillers and
next year. in light of any diseases other equipment.
or pests encountered. Sharpen blades and
change oil.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Gardening hours start
increasing from here!

DECEMBER SOLSTICE

27 28 29 30 31

Notes on crops: Notes on weather:

 In-Season Nitrogen Fertilization for Vegetable Crops

Crop Timing in season/fruit or Application rate/100-foot row, 36-inch centers

plant size
33-0-0 or 34-0-0 15.5-0-0 (calcium nitrate) Bloodmeal, feathermeal Soybean (7-1-2),
Ammonium nitrate or urea (12-0-0)* cottonseed (6-2-1) meal
or fish fertilizer (5-1-1)*
Tomato 1st fruits are 1 inch diameter 1 lb 2 lb 2.8 lb 5.7 lb

Pepper 1st fruits are 1 inch 0.5 to 1 lb 1 to 2 lb 1.4 to 2.8 lb 2.8 to 5.7 lb
diameter
Later in season (if needed) 0.5 to 1 lb 1 to 2 lb 1.4 to 2.8 lb 2.8 to 5.7 lb

Vine crops (Cucumbers, Vines are 1 foot long 0.75 to 1 lb 1.5 to 2 lb 2 to 2.8 lb 4.2 to 5.7 lb
melons, pumpkins, squash)
Sweet corn Plants are 12-18 inches tall 1 to 1.5 lb 2 to 3 lb 2.8 to 4 lb 5.7 to 8.5 lb

Okra, eggplant 3 to 4 weeks after seeding/ 0.5 to 1 lb 1 to 2 lb 1.4 to 2.8 lb 2.8 to 5.7 lb
transplanting
6 to 8 weeks after seeding/ 0.5 to 1 lb 1 to 2 lb 1.4 to 2.8 lb 2.8 to 5.7 lb
transplanting
Broccoli, cabbage, 2 to 3 weeks after 1 lb 2 lb 2.8 lb 5.7 lb
cauliflower, Brussels transplanting
sprouts
5 to 6 weeks after 0.5 lb 1 lb 1.4 lb 2.8 lb
transplanting
Kale, collards, lettuce, 3 to 4 weeks after seeding 0.5 to 0.75 lb 1 to 1.5 lb 1.4 to 2 lb 2.8 to 4.2 lb
spinach, mustard

*Natural or organic fertilizers will be available more slowly than chemical (often 1-4 months).
 This calendar is also a fillable PDF to enable digital record keeping:
extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W436.pdf

Crop Cultivars grown Date seeded Seeded or transplanted First flower First harvest Insect issues Disease issues Last harvest
transplants in the garden
 Garden Climate and Management Overview
(Use this page as a summary of notes recorded in the separate month calendars)

General climate Spring records and last frost Summer records Fall records and last frost Other notes

General climate Spring temperature trends Summer temperature trends Fall temperature trends Winter temperature trends

Rainfall Spring rainfall total Summer rainfall totals Fall rainfall totals Other notes

Irrigation Spring irrigation summary Summer irrigation summary Fall irrigation summary Other notes

Soil management Spring tillage Summer cover crops Fall cover crops Other notes

Fertilization Pre-plant fertilization Side-dressing Fertigation (fertilizer dissolved Other notes

in irrigation)
 Pest and Disease Management Records
(Use this page to keep records throughout the gardening season)

Crop and issue Date of action Material and method used Rate and volume used Notes on efficacy
 19-0021 W 436

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