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Bba 6 (Hons) / MBA 4 (3.5 Years) : by M. Shahid Lecturer in Business Administration & Economics Faisalabad Campus U.E

This document discusses personality and various personality theories. It defines personality as the set of traits and behaviors that characterize an individual and influence their interactions with others. Personality is relatively stable but can be shaped by both heredity and environment. The document summarizes several prominent personality theories and models including Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Big Five Model, Locus of Control, Machiavellianism, Self-Esteem, and Self-Monitoring. It also discusses how personality relates to risk-taking behavior and job performance.

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Shahid Iqbal
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Bba 6 (Hons) / MBA 4 (3.5 Years) : by M. Shahid Lecturer in Business Administration & Economics Faisalabad Campus U.E

This document discusses personality and various personality theories. It defines personality as the set of traits and behaviors that characterize an individual and influence their interactions with others. Personality is relatively stable but can be shaped by both heredity and environment. The document summarizes several prominent personality theories and models including Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Big Five Model, Locus of Control, Machiavellianism, Self-Esteem, and Self-Monitoring. It also discusses how personality relates to risk-taking behavior and job performance.

Uploaded by

Shahid Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By M.

Shahid
Lecturer in Business Administration & Economics
Faisalabad Campus
U.E
BBA 6th (Hons) / MBA 4th (3.5 years)
• The overall profile or combination of characteristics that
capture the unique nature of a person as that person reacts
and interacts with others.
• Combines a set of physical and mental characteristics that
reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts, and feels.
• Predictable relationships are expected between people’s
personalities and their behaviors.
• Personality refers to the set of traits & behaviors that
characterize an individual.
• It refers to the relatively stable pattern of behavior &
consistent internal state & explains an individual’s behavioral
tendencies.
• Personality has both internal (thoughts, values & genetic
characteristics that is inferred from observable behaviors) &
external (observable behaviors) elements.
• Personality of an individual is relatively stable in nature.
• Personality is both inherited as well as it can be shaped by the
environment.
• Law of Behavior: “People are different”
• To ensure high performing employees in an organization.
• To manage workforce diversity.
• Summarizing person’s behaviors & attitudes in relation to a
wide range of events.
• Personality consists of characteristics or traits that describe
how people are likely to behave in a given situation.
• Personality is useful in predicting & understanding the general
feelings, thoughts and behaviors of individuals at the
workplace.
• Contribution of various personality theories.
• Heredity sets the limits on the development of personality
characteristics.
• Environment determines development within these limits.
• About a 50-50 heredity-environment split.
• Cultural values and norms play a substantial role in the
development of personality.
• Social factors include family life, religion, and many kinds of
formal and informal groups.
• Situational factors reflect the opportunities or constraints
imposed by the operational context.
• Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• The Big Five Model
• A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies
people into 1 of 16 personality types.

Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Extroverted vs. Introverted Sensitive vs. Intuitive
Extroverted individuals are Sensing types are practical and
outgoing, sociable, and prefer routine and order. They focus
on details. Intuitive rely on
assertive. Introverts are quiet unconscious processes and look at
and shy. the “big picture”.

• Thinking vs. Feeling • Judging vs. Perceiving


Thinking types uses reason and Judging types want control, and
logic to handle problems. Feelings prefer their world to be ordered
types rely on their personal and structured. Perceiving types
values and emotions. are flexible and spontaneous.
• The degree to which people believe they are masters of their
own fate.
• Internals Individuals who believe that they control what
happens to them.
• Externals Individuals who believe that what happens to them
is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.
• Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains
emotional distance, and believes that ends justify means.
• “If it works, use it” is consistent with a high-Mach perspective.

Conditions Favoring High Machs


• • Direct interaction
• • Minimal rules and regulations
• • Distracting emotions
Self-Esteem (SE)
• Individuals’ degree of
liking or disliking
themselves.

Self-Monitoring
• A personality trait that
measures an individuals
ability to adjust his or
her behavior to external,
situational factors.
High Risk-taking Managers Low Risk-taking Managers
• Make quicker decisions • Are slower to make
• Use less information to decisions
make decisions • Require more information
• Operate in smaller and more before making decisions
entrepreneurial • Exist in larger organizations
organizations with stable environments
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms
of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt
1. Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and
perseveres until meaningful change occurs.
2. Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or
even in spite of constraints or obstacles.
• Personality-Job Fit Theory (Holland) Identifies six personality
types and proposes that the fit between personality type and
occupational environment determines satisfaction and
turnover.
• They are as:
1. Realistic
2. Investigative
3. Social
4. Conventional
5. Enterprising
6. Artistic

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