Synchronous Machine
Synchronous Machine
Synchronous Machine
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
A C A B A B D D A D
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
A B C C B B B D C C
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
D D D C B D A B A C
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
D C A A D C B B C B
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.
A B C B A D B D C
Electrical Machines [EE/EEE] Answer Keys
50
B
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
D C C A A B D 0.844 D C
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
D B D A A B C B B D
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
B B A B B A B B 8 B
81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
18 B A A C B C A C 0.8186
91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
0.075 0.25 0.943 37 D C B B 49.85 988
101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110.
9.9 C D C C A C D B A
111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120.
0.935 D C B A A 0.894 A 12.93 A
121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130.
C A B C B A D B D B
131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.
A A B C B 1.5 1.06 C 282.8 A
141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150.
C B D D B 1.675 C 0.9127 B B
151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160.
A D B B B C B C C A
161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167.
B C B C B A A
2 Synchronous Machine
sin(3 5 120 / 2)
Kd 3 0.6472
5sin(3 120 / 2)
Order of slot harmonics :
2S 2 180
n 1 1 29, 31
P 12
K dn K d 1 K d 29 K d 31 K d 1 0.9567
Slot harmonic flux generates two emfs of 2% each for 29th and 31st harmonics. Since the winding factors are equal, a
slot harmonic flux of 4% generates harmonic emfs of 2% of the fundamental frequency emfs.
E ph 29 E ph 31 0.02 E ph1 0.02 637.16 12.74 V
E ph E ph
2
1 E ph 3 E ph 29 E ph 31
2 2 2
Ans. (B)
2. 5701.68 V
3. 994.37 V
Electrical Machines [EE/EEE] Answer Keys
(3) 14.110
263. (1) 0.12 ohm, 1.068 ohm
(2) 22.8%
Electrical Machines [EE/EEE] Answer Keys
317. (A)
Pout 3 120.1 24.98 0.8 7200.23 W
Pout 7200.23
100 100 86%
Pin 8374.33
11 7 MVA
3. Terminal voltage, VT 6.351 kV Armature current, I a 367.4 A
3 3 11 kV
3VT 3 6351
Reactive power delivered, Q
XS
EF cos VT 12 6530.1cos 400 6351 2.141 MVAR Ans.
The alternator is absorbing reactive power and operating at leading power factor i.e. under excited.
(2) No reactive power flow
Without any change in steam input, alternator can be made to deliver zero reactive power at unity power
factor condition. By increasing the excitation the alternator’s power factor can be changed from leading to
unity (under excited to normal excited).
3EF VT
P 3VT I a cos sin constant I a 'cos ' I a cos
XS
.1 V .55
V
5 30 2
=6 jI a X S
= 761 jI a ' X S
EF I a = 367.4 A EF
2.12 (VT 0.8 1 0.01) 2 (VT 0.6 1 1) 2 2.12 0.64VT2 0.012 0.016VT 0.36VT2 1 1.2VT
EF VT 1.5 1
Pout sin 0.25 sin 80
Xs 0.835
VT 1
Reactive power output, Qout EF cos VT
1.5cos80 1 0.5813 pu
Xs 0.835
(1) Turbine torque is increased by 100% keeping the excitation constant i.e. active power output is increased by
100% so Pout ' 0.5 pu at constant EF .
EF VT 1.5 1
Pout ' sin ' 0.5 sin ' ' 16.160
Xs 0.835
VT 1
New reactive power output, Qout ' EF cos ' VT 1.5 cos16.160 1 0.5278 pu
Xs 0.835
(2) Turbine torque is constant at the initial value but the excitation is increased by 20% i.e. E f '' 1.2 E f
1.2 1.5 1.8 pu and Pout is constant at 0.25 pu .
E f ''VT 1.8 1
Pout sin '' 0.25 sin '' '' 6.660
Xs 0.835
VT 1
New reactive power output, Qout '' E ''cos '' VT 1.8cos 6.660 1 0.9435 pu
Xs F 0.835
11000 15 MW
6. Terminal voltage, VT 6350.85 V Armature current, I a 984.12 A
3 3 11 kV 0.8
Before the excitation emf is increased (at the time of synchronizing), EF VT 6350.85 V
OR
EF VT 19.850 9.9250 cos 9.9250 0.985 lead
2
I X I a 2.74 19.850
sin sin a s sin I a 799 A
2 2VT 2 6350.8 2
Synchronous reactance, X s 10 Armature resistance, Ra 0
Electrical Machines [EE/EEE] Answer Keys
E f (Vt I a Ra ) 2 ( I a X s ) 2 Unity p.f.
I a ' 62.536.86 A 0
426. (C)
6600 500 k
VT 3810.5 V Ia 43.74 A
3 3 6.6 k
( I a Z s ) 2 E F2 VT2 2 E F VT cos
E F2 7505.22 E F 13754635.21 0
EF 4324.84 V EF VT Leading p.f.
EF 3180.38 V EF VT Lagging p.f.
3 3180.38 3810.5
P sin100 315.66 kW
20
315.66 k
cos 0.631 lag
3 3810.5 43.74
427. (B)
3 4324.84 3810.5
P sin100 429.25 kW
20
429.25 k
cos 0.858 lead
3 3810.5 43.74
428. (D)
3EF VT EFL 6600
P sin 200 k sin 900
XS 20
EFL 606.06 V
429. (B)
VT 230 / 3 132.8 V
Z s 0.6 j 3 3.0678.7 0
With the field current unchanged, the load on the motor is increased till it draws 40 A from the supply.
( I a Z s ) 2 E F2 VT2 2 E F VT cos
55.440
VT EF ' ' 132.8 130.3 55.440
Ia '
jX s 0.6 j3
I a ' 40 17.446 0 A cos 0.954 lag
Pout 12.322 k
Tdev 78.44 Nm
m 2 1500 / 60
4 Synchronous Machine
IL 47.5
Armature current per phase, I a 27.42 36.860 A cos 0.8 lead
3 3
Induced emf (line), E f VT jX s I a 208 0 0 j 2.5 27.4 36.86 0 255.05 12.410 V Ans.
(2) As the power on the shaft is increased to 30 hp, the shaft slows momentarily, and the internal generated
voltage E f swings act to a larger angle while maintaining a constant magnitude.
3E f VT 3 255.05 208
Pin sin ' 24.88 103 sin ' ' 230
Xs 2.5
I a = 27.41Ð36.860 A I a = 27.41A
I a ' = 41.27 A
0 0 36.860 VT = 208Ð00
q = 36.86 VT = 208Ð0 A 15.040
12.410
d = 12.410 jX s I a = 68.55Ð126.860 230
E f = 255.05Ð - 12.410
E f = 255.05 Ð – 12.410 V
Output 1103.25
Synchronous motor : P2 1379.06 kW
Efficiency 0.8
P2 1379.06
Power factor of synchronous motor : cos 2 = 0.7457 lead Ans.
S2 1849.22
Power factor is leading because of negative reactive power.
4. V‐curve and Inverted V‐curve