10

ENGLISH
First Quarter – Module 4
Week 5

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written for you, dear JHS Grade 10 learners. It will
be a great help to you on how to compare and contrast the contents of the
materials viewed with outside sources of information. The scope of this module
permits you to utilize your acquired skill about textual aids to scaffold new
learning.

The module is divided into two lessons:

● Lesson 1 – Comparative Thinking Skills
● Lesson 2 – Primary and Secondary Sources

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the similarities and differences in the material viewed through
textual aids;
2. establish the importance of comparative thinking skills;
3. identify the strategies of comparative thinking skills;
4. distinguish primary source from secondary source of information;
5. create a material using outside sources in terms of its accessibility and
effectiveness.

Let’s Try

I. Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Comparing refers to the _____, and contrasting is looking at the _____.
A. differences, similarities C. similarities, differences
B. differences, differences D. opposite, same

2. Comparison and contrast is an essential ability for ______.

A. Reading comprehension skill C. Technical skill
B. Manipulative skill D. Listening skill

3. Which of the following scenarios show the development of comparison and

contrast skill during formative years?
A. The college students working on their investigatory project on solar panels
B. A toddler sorting toys by shapes, size and colors
 C. Medical staffs collecting the patient’s medical history and arriving for the
final result of the findings
D. Elementary pupils recording their observations about living and nonliving
things around the school garden.

4. What type of textual aid you can best use in organizing your thoughts to show
comparison and contrast of a topic?
A. KWL Chart C. Timeline
B. Concept Map D. Venn diagram

5. Choose the correct order of steps in order to do a comparison and contrast

effectively.
I. Identify Similarities and Differences in the Structure
II. Identify Similarities and Differences in the Content
III. Analyze the Question
IV. Evaluate
V. Identify Similarities and Differences in Media

A. II, III, V, IV,I C. IV, I, II, III, V

B. III, II, I, V, IV D. III, V, IV, II, I

6. Which of the following is true about an effective evaluation of comparison and

contrast?
A. Students can identify the most difficult portion of the topic
B. Students can choose to focus on the most interesting, relevant, and
informative material they have identified.
C. It will not be necessary for students to evaluate information.
D. This will help students gather information quickly.

7. The following statements about primary and secondary sources are true EXCEPT
A. Primary source is produced mainly by the direct person involved before the
secondary source of information is crafted.
B. Primary source is first-hand information, while secondary source is a
derivative work from the primary source.
C. A research paper will not be valid if there is an absence of either the primary
source or secondary source.
D. When you use either the primary and secondary information, it is necessary
to cite the source properly.

8. Mr. David Santos is working on his dissertation to finish graduate school. He

gathered information using a survey among his target participants and wrote an
essay about its result. Shortly after he completed the dissertation, a certain group
of high school students used his work as reference for their research paper. Who
among the people mentioned previously is/are the primary source of information?
A. Mr. David Santos C. Mr. David and the high school students
B. The survey respondents D. The survey respondents and Mr. Santos

9. Which group of materials can be categorized as either primary or secondary

sources?
 A. documentaries, essays, newspaper articles
B. letters, manuscripts, diaries
C. photographs, novels, songs
D. poll results, survey findings, statistics and figures

10. A smart written paper uses primary and secondary sources of information
because______.
A. they can broadly discuss the concepts.
B. they narrow down the idea of the topic.
C. they can build good credibility.
D. they improve the language of the paper.

II. Directions: Identify the type of source of following materials. Write primary or
secondary sources on the space provided.
__________11. Books and Encyclopedias __________ 14. Artifacts
__________12. Review/critique __________ 15. CCTV footage
__________13. Painting
 Lesson

1 Comparative Thinking Skills

Comparative thinking is one of the basic skills we acquire during our formative
years. This is a skill that is not only essential in the field of Science, but also in
reading comprehension.

The ability to compare and contrast is one of the first higher-order reading
comprehension skills you are introduced to. It is no wonder, as the ability to
categorize and compare things in terms of their differences and similarities
corresponds to some of the earliest stages of cognitive development. Without the
ability to group things effectively in terms of their similarities and differences,
much of what we consider as ‘learning’ would be impossible.
(https://www.literacyideas.com/compare-and-contrast)

Let’s Recall
Directions: Complete the mind map based from the information given in the image
about “15 Famous Filipino Vloggers on YouTube.” Supply appropriate categories
that you can think of on each circle. Then, list down the vlogger’s name to the
category it belongs.
E.g. Female vloggers – Alex Gonzaga, Niana Guerrero, Alodia
Gosiengfiao, Viy Cortez

Updated last July 2020

 15 Famous
Filipino
Vloggers

Process Questions:
1. Which portion of the concept map represents comparison? Contrast?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. In what category do the vloggers are easier to compare with?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Let’s Explore
Read the article below and try to see how the Coronaviruses vary in two different
timeline occurrences. Take note of the significant details as you proceed.

Coronaviruses Past and Present

Each of the three new coronaviruses that has emerged since the turn of the century
has caused respiratory disease outbreaks, but each has also displayed unique
features.
SARS and MERS have significantly higher case fatality rates than COVID-19. Yet
COVID-19 is more infectious — the underlying SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads more
easily among people, leading to greater case numbers.

Despite the lower-case fatality rate, the overall number of deaths from COVID-19
far outweighs that from SARS or MERS.

There have been no cases of SARS for over a decade. But MERS is an ongoing
public health concern. One factor that could contribute to the extent of damage
that any new coronavirus can cause is globalization. As infectious disease specialist
and WHO advisor Prof. David Heymann told Medical News Today in an interview:
“In the past, coronaviruses that cause the common cold in humans also emerged,
possibly in the same way as did the current pandemic.”

“But they did not have the opportunity to hop on international flights and spread
rapidly around the globe,” he continued. “They likely circulated locally and then
gradually spread to neighboring countries and onward throughout the world.”
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles

Defining the Terms Compare and Contrast

Compare, in relation to reading, refers to the process of identifying the similarities
and differences between two things. On the other hand, Contrast refers to
identifying only the differences between two things. While the distinction between
these two terms may appear on the surface to be quite subtle, it is important that
students can accurately differentiate between the two concepts to ensure they are
able to answer questions and prompts accurately.

Importance of Comparative Thinking

Compare and contrast type questions are commonly featured in standardized tests,
but there are many more reasons for students to develop their comparative
thinking skills than just passing tests. A few of the most compelling reasons
include:
● These types of questions serve as good introductions for students to begin
developing higher-order thinking skills
●  Answering compare and contrast questions helps students focus closely on
the details in a text while improving their comprehension in the process
● The attention to detail required in reading to compare and contrast helps
students to better retain the information they are reading
● Knowledge gained through comparing and contrasting helps students
understand how to organize information, think more clearly, and express ideas
more effectively in their own writing.
Strategies in Determining Comparison and Contrast
1. Graphic Organizers
A. Venn Diagram is made up of two or three overlapping circles.

B. Charts (also called a matrix diagram or a

table) is a type of graphic organizer that condenses and organizes data about
multiple traits associated with many items or topics.
2. Steps on how to Approach Compare and Contrast Questions
Step 1: Analyze the Question - students must break the question down into its
simplified parts.
If, for example, the question asks a student to contrast the opinions of
two critics on the use of metaphor in a poem, students need only focus
on the parts of the text where the critics deal with metaphor and,
furthermore, students need only focus on where these two opinions
differ. On the other hand, if the question asks students to compare the
views of the two critics, they must focus on both similarities and
differences in their answer.

Step 2: Identify Similarities and Differences in the Content

Start to read the text and take note of the similarities and differences in terms of
content. Students can begin to process the appropriate information in the text by
highlighting, underlining, noting in bullet forms, or using graphic organizers.

Step 3: Identify Similarities and Differences in the Structure

Depending on the exact nature of the question, students may look at a
variety of elements of structure, including how the text is presented in terms of:
●     The length of sentences and paragraphs
●     The progression of ideas and arguments
●     The point of view expressed (Informative? Emotional?)
●     The use of stylistic elements, such as irony, humor, emotional appeals etc
●     The setting, characters, and plot in fiction
●     The use of facts and statistics in nonfiction
●     The general theme or genre of the selections

Step 4: Identify Similarities and Differences in Media –

Advances in technology make it ever more important that students develop
their literacy skills in media beyond the printed word. When we think of students
reading a text, we must ensure we recognize that texts can be visual and audio
in nature too. As part of learning to compare and contrast texts, students should
be offered opportunities to compare texts in a variety of media. Many of the texts
that students will encounter, whether in print or online, will contain information
presented in a variety of ways, including diagrams, charts, photographs, and
illustrations - to name a few. Online texts especially may contain embedded
videos and audio tracks. These elements should not be ignored as they are an
intrinsic part of how the text operates and, therefore, students should be
prepared to compare and contrast these too.

Step 5: Evaluate
 Now that the students have analyzed closely the question or writing prompt,
identified the similarities and differences in content, structure, and media used
across the texts, it is time for them to evaluate the texts and offer their opinion
on their overall merit or effectiveness. The following questions are suggestions of
areas to focus on to evaluate the texts:
●     Which of the texts is the most convincing?
●     Which of the texts best employs appropriate media?
●     Which of the texts is the most enjoyable?

In the evaluation, students can choose to focus on the most interesting,

relevant, and informative material they have identified to illustrate the wider
thesis of their opinion. https://www.literacyideas.com/compare-and-contrast

Let’s Elaborate

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write your answer concisely in one or two
sentences on the space provided.

1. Define comparison and contrast.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How important does the skill of comparison and contrast in reading
comprehension?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Aside from the printed word, in what ways can comparison and contrast be
done?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Considering the steps in approaching comparison and contrast questions,
what can you produce as a result after following them?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. As a 21st century learner, why is it important to develop your literacy skills in
media beyond the printed word? Relate it to the skill of making comparison and
contrast.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Let’s Dig In

Directions: Read the biographies and note significant details. Then, complete the
tasks to further discover the similarities and differences of the two articles.
Biography A

Amelia Earheart: The Lady Lindy

Amelia Mary Earhart was born in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897.
During Christmas vacation in 1917 at an aviation expo, a pilot flew his plane
near her. Later, she said, “I believe that little red airplane said something to me
as it swished by." However, a 10-minute plane ride in December 1920 changed
her life. “By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground, I knew I
had to fly,” she said.

She purchased her first plane, a bright yellow, second-hand biplane that
she named The Canary and she eventually achieved the world altitude record for
women pilots — 14,000 feet — in October 1922. She became an aviation celebrity
and the press dubbed her “Lady Lindy.” George P. Putnam, who published many
stories about Charles Lindbergh, took on Earhart’s story as his next bestseller.
Earhart married Putnam and worked closely during appearances, lectures and
other promotions on many industries including women’s fashion, magazines and
airline management. Her true passion, however, always remained with flying. She
set a world record for altitude, reaching 18,415 feet, and became president of The
Ninety-Nines, an organization dedicated to women’s aviation. For some time,
Earhart and Putnam worked secretly on plans for Earhart to make a solo flight
across the Atlantic. This would be the first woman and second solo person to make
the flight.

On June 1, 1937, Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, departed

from Miami with great fanfare. They began the 29,000-mile journey heading
east. After 29 days of flight, they touched down in Lae, New Guinea. When
Earhart and Noonan took off from Lae, they encountered problems over the
Pacific with overcast skies and rain showers early on. As they neared Howland
Island, they were unable to make sufficient connection with the Itasca or to
land on the island. Though the Itasca began a rescue attempt immediately and
the search continued for weeks, nothing was found. On January 5, 1939,
Earhart was declared legally dead. Her disappearance during this attempt to fly
around the world is a mystery that continues to intrigue people worldwide.

Biography B

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery’s Life

Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900-1944), a French writer and aviator. He was

born in Lyon and educated at the University of Fribourg. He joined the French Air
His first two
Force in 1921 and became a commercial pilot in 1926.
books, Southern Mail
Task A (1929) and Night flight
(1931), are novels
distinguished by a
poetic evocation of the
romance and discipline
of flying, which requires
devotion to duty at the
Direction: Write the similarities and differences of Amelia Earheart and Antoine de
Saint-Exupery based on their biographies. Fill the corresponding column to
complete the chart.
Similarities Criteria Differences

Early life

Literary
works

Aviation

Recognition

Public
Service

Death

Task B.
Directions: As a result of evaluation of the biographies, express your opinion or
idea as you compare and contrast the two aviators. Write your answers to complete
the initial statements.
1. During their early life, I am more interested with __________ on how he/she
developed his/her passion for flying because ___________.

2. I appreciate __________ on how he/she used his/her passion of flying for public
service because __________.

3. According to the facts mentioned about their deaths, I am convinced that

____________ has more chances of survival with the reason of ____________.

4. If I were to choose between Amelia Earheart and Antoine de Saint-Exupery, I

would pick ___________ as the face of aviation community because
_____________.

5. Antoine de Saint-Exupery is _________________ when it comes to literary works

because _______________. While Amelia Earheart becomes _______________ to
George Putnam’s published written works.

Let’s Remember

1. As I complete the lesson, these are the following key terms/ phrases that
stick to my mind:

a. _________________ b. _________________ c. _________________

2. I realized that comparison and contrast is essential for my reading
comprehension skill because
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. This lesson enables me to

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Lesson
Primary and Secondary
2 Sources

The presence of primary and secondary sources as tools can build credibility to
your paper. Furthermore, we use these to establish the circumstances of the
people in the past, to cite evidence for a particular event or to show what
information people in the time period possessed.

Let’s Explore
As you read the article, notice how the nostalgic songs of the Eraserheads band
was incorporated to create this Pinoy hit musical.

“Ang Huling El Bimbo” Musical

In cooperation with ABS-CBN, “Ang Huling El Bimbo”
was available online from May 8 until May 9, 2020
exclusively on the ABS-CBN Network page on Facebook
and entertainment channel on YouTube. Using the
songs of quintessential ‘90s rock band Eraserheads,
Ang Huling El Bimbo tells the story of three friends who
drift apart in adulthood until fate reunites them to
confront their haunted past.
Photo: Erickson dela Cruz
Told in two timelines — the ‘90s and the present — the
musical’s first run in 2018 starred Gian Magdangal, Jon
Santos, OJ Mariano, Reb Atadero, Topper Fabregas, Boo Gabunada, Sheila
Francisco and Tanya Manalang.
“Ang Huling El Bimbo is a new musical. We are very excited about it because it’s
live, it’s original, it’s Pinoy and the whole beauty of it is that we are coming up with
new characters and new narratives based on iconic songs,” director Dexter Santos
said during the musical’s very first media conference.
Due to public demand, the musical had several runs since then until its final
curtain call in August 2019. https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/05/08/lifestyle-
entertainment/show-times/for-48-hours-only-hit-pinoy-musical-huling-el-bimbo-to-stream-for-free/723302/

Questions to Ponder:
1. What type of source does Eraserhead band play in the making of “Ang
Huling El Bimbo Musical?”
2. This musical production gained lauds, positive reactions, articles and
reviews. What type of source is produced by this hit musical play?

Primary and Secondary Sources

As you research for your paper, you will come across a variety of information
available in different sources or platforms. It is vital that you are able to classify the
sources as either primary or secondary.  
Primary sources provide the basic and raw information about a certain topic. A
primary source gives you the first-hand evidence and direct access to the subject of
your research
Examples:
original study, letters, diary, autobiography, statistical data, eyewitness
account, photos, video footage, narratives, literary works, artworks, songs,
billing statement, empirical studies, etc.
Secondary sources provide second-hand information or a derived work from a
primary source. In other words, these sources are mostly written to discuss,
interpret, evaluate or synthesize a primary source.
Examples:
Biography, reviews, essays, books, articles, documentaries, synopses,
encyclopedias, textbooks, etc.
Consider the following questions that can serve as your guide in distinguishing the
type of source:
Primary:
1. Does the information I get is from a direct person involved in the
subject?
2. Do I have the purpose of studying the source itself only?

Secondary:
1. Am I quoting other’s work to my own paper?
2. Does it express commentary or interpretation of information from other
sources?

Let’s Elaborate

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write your answer concisely in one or
two sentences on the space provided.

1. Differentiate primary source from secondary source.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the materials you can utilize if you want to obtain direct
information about your topic? Give specific examples and explain.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do you think it is important to bear in mind who produced the material
in order to distinguish the source if primary or secondary?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Based from the article about “Ang Huling El Bimbo Musical,” do the songs of
Eraserheads considered as the primary source in creating the storyline?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Suppose that you are done watching “Ang Huling El Bimbo Musical,” you
crafted a post using your social media accounts to express personal reactions,
commendation, and review. What type of source did you produce by this simple
posting online?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 Let’s Dig In

Task A. Study the illustration below about Ang Huling El Bimbo Musical. Tell who is
involved and what material is produced. Write your answers on the space provided.

Who is involved? _____________ _______________ _________________

What material is ________________ _______________ ___________________

produced?

Task B. Analyze the given scenarios about using different types of sources. Identify
whether the material being described is primary or secondary source.
1. If you conduct a simple survey of your classmates and you posted about its
results, you are the __________ for this information. Then, another person used
your essay to quote some ideas in creating his/ her own paper, this is
considered as __________.

2. The published articles by local news reporters about the development for the
Covid19 vaccine is considered as____________. While the information they get
from the research findings of the scientist who performed the research served
as the __________.

3. There are two students, Laura and Basil, who are working for their literary
review project. Laura is analyzing the novel as the subject of their paper. The
material that she is using is a ___________. Meanwhile, Basil is composing the
literary review -quoting and paraphrasing information about the novel.
Therefore, the literary project that they will produce is a ______.

Task C. Complete the table with correct answers from the word pool.

Primary
Results source poll
of opinion Secondary
Movie and Films source Paintings & artifacts
1.
Government documents Literary analysis
Music Recording Empirical study
2.
Research Paper Documentary Exhibition catalog
Novel Biography
Letters and daily journals 3.
Statistical data/ findings 4.
Photographs and video footage of a 5.
historical event
6. Newspaper article about the new policy
7. Academic book about the musical style
8. Blog post interpreting the results
9. Review that cites the study
10. Commentary and review

Let’s Remember

1. As I complete the lesson, these are the following key terms/ phrases that stick
to my mind:
A. _________________
B. _________________
C. _________________
2. The part of the lesson I found most interesting is
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

3. This lesson enables me to

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Let’s Apply

Directions: Gather information about the local tourist spots in your city using
different sources. You may use the internet, interview among your household
members, catalogs, reference book, videos, etc. Provide the specific source or link
that you used.
Source 1: Source 2: Source 3:
_____________ ________________ _______________

List down the

tourist spots
Rank the tourist
spots by popularity
Travel accessibility

Budget requirement
Reflections and Conclusions
Now, compare and contrast the information across the three resources. Discuss the
following questions:

1. What do you observe with the information you gathered?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Was there any conflicting information?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Which among the sources is more accessible for you?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What source of information is more effective when you want to visit the
tourist spots in your city once community quarantine is lifted?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. How would you manage contradicting information across the sources if you
are going to write an essay on this topic?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. A ___________________ is material that contains firsthand accounts of events and
that were produces. While a ______________ is a source based from other references.
A. Primary source, secondary source C. Professional source, eyewitness
source
B. Secondary source, Primary source D. Eyewitness source, professional
source
2. Which statement does not support the idea of comparison and contrast as a kind
of higher-order thinking skills?
A. It allows the students to recall previous knowledge.
B. It helps students focus closely on the details in a text while improving their
comprehension in the process.
C. It lets the students to organize complex information
D. It helps students to think more clearly and express ideas more effectively in
their own writing.

3. What is the most appropriate textual aid in order to illustrate comparison and
contrast?
A. A timeline illustration showing the order of events
B. A flow chart which shows the various characteristics of the subject
C. A Venn diagram of two overlapping circles
D. A concept map that produces all associated ideas.
4. A paper written with credibility requires the following EXCEPT
A. The sources are properly cited
B. The ideas are synthesized from the scrutiny of information across different
sources
C. The writer quotes information from different sources
D. It has gone through validation and proofreading.

5. Which skill is a prerequisite of comparison and contrast?

A. Sorting C. Evaluation
B. Noting details D. Observation

For Nos. 6-1

6.
Batman Joker

I am Batman. I am the Joker.

I am Hero. I am a villain.
I have secrets. I have secrets.
Every day I fight crime caused by Every day I perpetrate crimes
the Joker. which are solved by Batman.

We are total opposites. We are total opposites.

I am humble. I crave attention.
People admire me for my work People fear me for my work
I have loyal sidekick I wish I had a sidekick

Without the Joker… Without Batman…

I AM NOTHING! I AM NOTHING!

The two poems are closely similar with the following elements EXCEPT
A. Stanza C. Content
B. Theme D. Characters
7. In which lines do the characters clearly expressed their similarities?
A. 10, 11 C. 1, 2
B. 6,7 D. 8,9
8. Which statement supports the idea that both poems’ point of view is in first
person?
A. The life of Batman would not be complete without the presence of Joker
and vice versa.
B. The characters themselves described their personalities using the
pronoun I.
C. They presented themselves in a contrasting style.
D. Batman and Joker are complements one another.

9. What type of textual aid can be used to illustrate the two poems effectively?
A. Flow Chart C. Venn diagram
B. Timeline D. Cause and effect

10. The 3rd line of both poems suggests ____________.

A. Differences C. Unity
B. Similarities D. Commendation
For Nos. 11-15. Identify the type of source by writing P for Primary or S for
secondary on the space provided before the number.

___11. The award-winning documentary by Atom Araullo entitled: No Leftovers.

___12. An autobiography about the 4th Miss Universe title holder of the Philippines,
Catriona Gray.
___13. A live interview with President Rodrigo Duterte about how the country is
coping from the pandemic.
___14. A radio broadcast from the day the SEA Games launched in the Philippines.
___15. A classmate discussing the synopsis of the novel by Charles Dickens.

Let’s Extend

1. Watch videos of the stories The Little Red Riding Hood and Hansel & Gretel.
Then, create a chart to compare and contrast in terms of their setting, plot,
characters, and theme.

2. Gather information about the status of COVID19 in the Philippines. Create a

Venn diagram to illustrate the comparison and contrast of the data for the
month of April and June 2020.

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