133/2020 - 8 September 2020

GDP main aggregates and employment estimates for the second quarter of 2020
GDP down by 11.8% and employment down by
2.9% in the euro area
In the EU, GDP down by 11.4% and employment down by 2.7%
GDP growth in the euro area and EU
In the second quarter of 2020, still marked by COVID-19 containment measures in most Member States,
seasonally adjusted GDP decreased by 11.8% in the euro area and by 11.4% in the EU compared with the
previous quarter, according to an estimate published by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.
These were by far the sharpest declines observed since the time series started in 1995. In the first quarter of 2020,
GDP had decreased by 3.7% in the euro area and by 3.3% in the EU.

GDP growth rates over the previous quarter

% change, based on seasonally adjusted data
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
Euro area EU United States
-12
-14
2008Q1
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4

2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q3

2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
2011Q4
2012Q1
2012Q2

2012Q4
2013Q1
2013Q2
2013Q3
2013Q4
2014Q1

2014Q3
2014Q4
2015Q1
2015Q2
2015Q3
2015Q4

2016Q2
2016Q3
2016Q4
2017Q1
2017Q2
2017Q3

2018Q1
2018Q2
2018Q3
2018Q4
2019Q1
2019Q2

2019Q4
2020Q1
2020Q2
2009Q1

2010Q4

2012Q3

2014Q2

2016Q1

2017Q4

2019Q3

Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, seasonally adjusted GDP decreased by 14.7% in the euro
area and by 13.9% in the EU in the second quarter of 2020, after -3.2% and -2.7% respectively in the previous
quarter. These were also by far the sharpest declines since the time series started in 1995.

GDP growth rates over the same quarter of the previous year
% change, based on seasonally adjusted data
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
Euro area EU United States
-14
-16
2008Q1
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
2011Q4
2012Q1
2012Q2
2012Q3

2013Q2
2013Q3
2013Q4
2014Q1
2014Q2
2014Q3
2014Q4
2015Q1
2015Q2
2015Q3
2015Q4
2016Q1
2016Q2
2016Q3
2016Q4
2017Q1
2017Q2
2017Q3
2017Q4
2018Q1

2018Q4
2019Q1
2019Q2
2019Q3
2019Q4
2020Q1
2020Q2
2012Q4
2013Q1

2018Q2
2018Q3

During the second quarter of 2020, GDP in the United States decreased by 9.1% compared with the previous
quarter (after -1.3% in the first quarter of 2020). Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, GDP
decreased by 9.1% (after +0.3% in the previous quarter).
GDP growth by Member State
Among Member States for which data are available for the second quarter of 2020, Spain (-18.5%) recorded the
sharpest decline of GDP compared to the previous quarter, followed by Croatia (-14.9%), Hungary (-14.5%),
Greece (-14.0%), Portugal (-13.9%) and France (-13.8%). The lowest declines of GDP were observed in Finland
(-4.5%), Lithuania (-5.5%) and Estonia (-5.6%), followed by Ireland (-6.1%), Latvia (-6.5%) and Denmark
(-6.9%).

GDP components and contributions to growth

During the second quarter of 2020, household final consumption expenditure decreased by 12.4% in the euro area
and by 12.0% in the EU (after -4.5% in the euro area and -4.2% in the EU in the previous quarter). Gross fixed
capital formation decreased by 17.0% in the euro area and by 15.4% in the EU (after -5.2% and -4.6%
respectively). Exports decreased by 18.8% in both the euro area and the EU (after -3.9% and -3.2% respectively).
Imports decreased by 18.0% in the euro area and by 17.8% in the EU (after -3.2% and -2.8% respectively).
Household final consumption expenditure had a very strong negative contribution to GDP growth in both the euro
area and the EU (-6.6 and -6.3 percentage points – pp, respectively) and the contribution from gross fixed capital
formation was also strongly negative in both zones (-3.8 and -3.4 pp respectively). The contributions from the
external balance and government final expenditure were also negative in both zones, while the contribution of
changes in inventories was slightly positive in the euro area and slightly negative in the EU.
GDP levels in the euro area and EU
The COVID-19 pandemic also had a strong impact on GDP levels. Based on seasonally adjusted figures, GDP
volumes were significantly lower than the highest levels of the fourth quarter of 2019 (-15.1% in the euro area and
-14.3% in the EU). This corresponds to the lowest levels since the the first quarter of 2005 for the euro area and
the third quarter of 2009 for the EU. For the United States, GDP was 10.2% below the level of the fourth quarter of
2019, which is the lowest level since the fourth quarter of 2014.

Evolution of GDP in chain-linked volumes

Index, 2015=100, based on seasonally adjusted data
115

110
Euro area EU United States
105

100

95

90

85

80
2008Q1
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
2011Q4
2012Q1
2012Q2
2012Q3

2013Q1
2013Q2
2013Q3
2013Q4
2014Q1
2014Q2
2014Q3
2014Q4
2015Q1
2015Q2
2015Q3
2015Q4
2016Q1
2016Q2
2016Q3
2016Q4

2017Q2
2017Q3
2017Q4
2018Q1
2018Q2
2018Q3
2018Q4
2019Q1
2019Q2
2019Q3
2019Q4
2020Q1
2020Q2
2012Q4

2017Q1
Employment growth in the euro area and EU
The number of employed persons decreased by 2.9% in the euro area and by 2.7% in the EU in the second
quarter of 2020, compared with the previous quarter. These were the sharpest declines observed since the time
series started in 1995. In the first quarter of 2020, employment had decreased by 0.3% in the euro area and by
0.2% in the EU.
Compared with the same quarter of the previous year, employment decreased by 3.1% in the euro area and by
2.9% in the EU in the second quarter of 2020, after +0.4% in both zones in the first quarter of 2020. These were
also the sharpest declines observed since the time series started in 1995.

While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment in persons was still relatively moderate due to
government support schemes, declines in hours worked were much more pronounced. Hours worked decreased
by 12.8% in the euro area and by 10.7% in the EU in the second quarter of 2020, compared with the previous
quarter. Compared with the same quarter of the previous year the declines were 16.6% in the euro area and
13.8% in the EU respectively (see annex table on employment in hours worked). Both were by far the sharpest
declines since the beginning of the time series.
These data provide a picture of labour input consistent with the output and income measure of national accounts.

Employment growth in Member States

In the second quarter of 2020, employment in persons decreased in all Member States compared with the previous
quarter, except in Malta (+0.6%). The largest decreases were recorded in Spain (-7.5%), Ireland (-6.1%),
Hungary (-5.3%) and Estonia (-5.1%).
The decrease in hours worked was generally much more pronounced for all Member States (see annex table on
employment in hours worked).
Employment levels in the euro area and EU
Based on seasonally adjusted figures, Eurostat estimates that in the second quarter of 2020, 203.1 million people
were employed in the EU, of which 155.6 million were in the euro area.
In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, employment in persons decreased by 5.1 million in the euro area (-3.2%)
and by 6.1 million (-2.9%) in the EU compared with the highest levels of the fourth quarter of 2019. These are the
lowest levels since the first quarter of 2017 for both areas.
Compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, the number of hours worked was 16.4% lower in the euro area and 13.5%
lower in the EU. These are the lowest levels since the beginning of the time series in 1995.

Evolution of employment in persons and hours worked

Index, 2015=100, based on seasonally adjusted data
110

105

100

95

Euro area, persons EU, persons

90
Euro area, hours worked EU, hours worked
85
2008Q1

2008Q4
2009Q1

2010Q1

2011Q1
2011Q2

2012Q1
2012Q2

2013Q1
2013Q2

2014Q1
2014Q2

2015Q1
2015Q2

2016Q2

2017Q2
2017Q3

2018Q2
2018Q3

2019Q2
2019Q3

2020Q2
2008Q2
2008Q3

2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4

2010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q4

2011Q3
2011Q4

2012Q3
2012Q4

2013Q3
2013Q4

2014Q3
2014Q4

2015Q3
2015Q4
2016Q1

2016Q3
2016Q4
2017Q1

2017Q4
2018Q1

2018Q4
2019Q1

2019Q4
2020Q1
Evolution of labour productivity in the euro area and EU
The combination of GDP and employment data allows an estimation of labour productivity. The analysis of
growth compared to the same quarter of the previous years shows that productivity growth (based on employed
persons) fluctuated around 1% for both zones between 2013 and 2018.
In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline in productivity based on persons in the first and
second quarter of 2020 as GDP dropped sharply while the impact on employment in persons was still relatively
moderate.
Based on hours worked the impact on productivity was limited. In the euro area there was a slight increase since
hours worked dropped more sharply than GDP, contrary to the EU, where productivity declined slightly.

Evolution of labour productivity based on persons and hours worked

% change over the previous year, based on seasonally adjusted data
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
Euro area, persons EU, persons
-10
-12 Euro area, hours worked EU, hours worked
-14
2008Q1
2008Q2

2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
2011Q4
2012Q1

2012Q3
2012Q4
2013Q1

2013Q3
2013Q4
2014Q1
2014Q2
2014Q3
2014Q4
2015Q1
2015Q2
2015Q3
2015Q4
2016Q1
2016Q2
2016Q3
2016Q4

2017Q2
2017Q3
2017Q4
2018Q1
2018Q2
2018Q3
2018Q4
2019Q1
2019Q2
2019Q3
2019Q4
2020Q1
2020Q2
2008Q3

2012Q2

2013Q2

2017Q1
Geographical information
The euro area (EA19) includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
The European Union (EU27) includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain,
France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
Methods and definitions
European quarterly national accounts are compiled in accordance with the European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010).
They include key policy indicators on GDP and employment.
Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices measures the production activity of resident producer units. Growth rates are
based on chain-linked volumes.
Employment covers employees and self-employed working in resident production units (domestic concept). Employment flash
estimates are limited to total employment in persons, but regular estimates also cover hours worked and industry breakdowns.
Labour productivity is compiled as the ratio of economic output (GDP, chain-linked volumes with reference year 2010) to
labour input (total employment measured in persons or hours worked, for all industries, according to the domestic concept).
Release schedule of main aggregates
This news release presents estimates for euro area and EU GDP and employment aggregates based on countries' regular
national accounts transmission due after t+2 months. Since all derogations expire in 2020, GDP and employment estimates in
this news release are based on an almost complete set of Member States data.
A further estimation is done at around t+110 days after some countries transmit updated estimates. To increase the timeliness
of key indicators, Eurostat also publishes flash estimates for GDP (after around 30 and 45 days) and employment (after around
45 days). Their compilation is based on estimates provided by most EU Member States on a voluntary basis.
Revisions and timetable
The reliability of GDP and employment flash estimates was tested by dedicated working groups and revisions are continuously
monitored. Further information can be found on Eurostat website. The method used for compilation of European GDP and
employment estimates is the same as for previous releases. However, these estimates are based on source data that are
subject to revisions under the COVID-19 containment measures.
With these estimates, euro area and EU employment and GDP figures for earlier quarters are revised.
Flash estimates of employment and GDP growth were published in News Release 125/2020 issued on 14 August 2020. They
were based on a more limited data set than the one used for the present News Release and additionally, on preliminary
estimates which have now been revised by some Member States. Revisions for the last quarter are highlighted in bold in the
table below:
Growth rates to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) to the previous year (Q/Q-4)
Estimates Previous Current Previous Current
Zone Euro area EU Euro area EU Euro area EU Euro area EU
GDP -12.1 -11.9 -11.8 -11.4 -15.0 -14.4 -14.7 -13.9
Employment -2.8 -2.6 -2.9 -2.7 -2.9 -2.7 -3.1 -2.9
All estimates presented in this release may be revised with the t+110 database update scheduled for 19 October 2020.
For more information
Eurostat website section on national accounts, notably information on European GDP and employment estimates
Eurostat database section on national accounts and Eurostat metadata on quarterly national accounts
Eurostat Statistics Explained articles on measuring quarterly GDP, presentation of updated quarterly estimates and the impact
of COVID-19 on main GDP aggregates including employment
Note on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on national accounts, guidance on quarterly national accounts (including flash)
estimates in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and country specific metadata on the impact of COVID-19 on GDP estimates
European System of Accounts 2010
Eurostat €-indicators release calendar
European Statistics Code of Practice

Eurostat Press Office For further information on data:

Romina BRONDINO Christine GERSTBERGER (GDP)
Tel: +352-4301-33 408 Tel: +352-4301-30 175
eurostat-pressoffice@ec.europa.eu Jenny RUNESSON (Employment)
Tel: +352 4301-36 130
estat-gdp-query@ec.europa.eu
Media requests: eurostat-mepport@ec.europa.eu / Tel: +352-4301-33 408

@EU_Eurostat @EurostatStatistics @EU_Eurostat ec.europa.eu/eurostat

 Growth rates of GDP in volume
(based on seasonally adjusted* data)
Percentage change compared with the Percentage change compared with the
previous quarter same quarter of the previous year
2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2
Euro area 0.3 0.1 -3.7 -11.8 1.4 1.0 -3.2 -14.7
EU 0.4 0.1 -3.3 -11.4 1.6 1.2 -2.7 -13.9
Belgium 0.4 0.5 -3.5 -12.1 1.6 1.3 -2.4 -14.4
Bulgaria 0.7 0.8 0.3 -10.0 3.2 3.1 2.4 -8.5
Czechia 0.5 0.4 -3.3 -8.7 2.3 2.0 -1.9 -11.0
Denmark 0.2 0.5 -2.0 -6.9 2.4 2.1 -0.1 -8.2
Germany 0.3 0.0 -2.0 -9.7 0.8 0.4 -2.2 -11.3
Estonia 1.4 -0.1 -2.2 -5.6 5.5 4.1 -0.1 -6.5
Ireland 3.3 1.3 -2.1 -6.1 6.8 7.7 4.4 -3.7
Greece 0.2 -0.9 -0.7 -14.0 2.2 0.8 -0.5 -15.2
Spain 0.4 0.4 -5.2 -18.5 1.9 1.8 -4.1 -22.1
France 0.2 -0.2 -5.9 -13.8 1.6 0.8 -5.7 -18.9
Croatia 0.6 0.4 -1.3 -14.9 2.8 2.7 0.3 -15.1
Italy 0.0 -0.2 -5.5 -12.8 0.5 0.1 -5.6 -17.7
Cyprus 0.6 1.2 -2.1 -11.6 3.2 3.2 0.8 -11.9
Latvia 0.6 0.1 -2.9 -6.5 1.8 1.0 -1.5 -8.6
Lithuania 0.8 1.1 -0.3 -5.5 3.8 3.9 2.4 -4.0
Luxembourg 0.4 0.4 -2.9 : 3.0 3.0 -0.2 :
Hungary 0.9 0.7 -0.4 -14.5 4.7 4.4 2.0 -13.5
Malta -2.0 0.5 -2.6 -11.6 3.5 4.3 0.7 -15.2
Netherlands** 0.3 0.5 -1.5 -8.5 1.6 1.6 -0.3 -9.0
Austria -0.2 -0.2 -2.4 -10.4 1.4 0.4 -2.8 -12.9
Poland 1.2 0.2 -0.4 -8.9 4.1 3.5 1.7 -7.9
Portugal 0.3 0.7 -3.8 -13.9 1.9 2.2 -2.3 -16.3
Romania 0.5 1.2 0.3 -12.3 3.3 3.9 2.7 -10.5
Slovenia 0.8 0.4 -4.8 -9.6 2.1 1.7 -3.7 -12.9
Slovakia*** 0.4 0.6 -5.2 -8.3 1.9 2.0 -3.8 -12.2
Finland 0.3 -0.3 -1.9 -4.5 1.6 0.9 -1.2 -6.3
Sweden 0.3 0.1 0.2 -8.3 1.7 0.7 0.7 -7.7
United Kingdom 0.5 0.0 -2.2 -20.4 1.3 1.1 -1.7 -21.7
Iceland*** -0.5 4.7 -5.7 -9.1 1.3 2.9 -1.3 -10.7
Norway 0.0 1.5 -1.7 -5.1 0.5 1.8 0.0 -5.3
Switzerland 0.4 0.8 -2.5 -8.2 1.3 2.2 -0.8 -9.4
United States 0.6 0.6 -1.3 -9.1 2.1 2.3 0.3 -9.1
: Data not available
* Growth rates to the previous quarter and to the same quarter of the previous year presented in this table are generally both based on
seasonally and calendar adjusted figures since unadjusted data are usually not transmitted for the compilation of GDP flash estimates.
** Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year calculated from calendar adjusted data.
*** The seasonal adjustment does not include a calendar adjustment for Slovakia and Iceland.
Source datasets: namq_10_gdp and naidq_10_gdp (for United States data); gross value added by industry is available in namq_10_a10.
 Growth rates of employment in persons*
Percentage change compared with Percentage change compared with
the previous quarter the same quarter of the previous year
2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2
Euro area 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -2.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 -3.1
EU 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -2.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 -2.9
Belgium 0.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 1.6 1.7 0.9 -0.3
Bulgaria -0.1 0.4 -0.9 -1.0 0.1 1.0 -1.3 -3.3
Czechia -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -1.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9
Denmark 0.2 0.1 0.0 -3.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 -2.9
Germany 0.1 0.1 0.0 -1.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 -1.3
Estonia 1.0 1.2 -0.5 -5.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 -3.6
Ireland 0.8 1.6 0.0 -6.1 2.4 3.4 2.2 -3.9
Greece -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -3.2 2.0 1.5 0.7 -3.4
Spain 0.1 0.8 -1.0 -7.5 1.7 2.0 0.2 -7.6
France 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -2.6 1.2 1.2 0.7 -3.0
Croatia 0.2 0.7 0.3 -2.0 0.9 1.9 0.4 -1.1
Italy -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -2.5 0.8 0.6 0.0 -3.6
Cyprus 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.9 3.0 3.0 2.4 -1.1
Latvia 1.0 0.3 0.1 -4.4 -0.3 0.5 0.2 -3.2
Lithuania -1.1 1.1 1.6 -2.7 -1.7 0.5 1.0 -2.0
Luxembourg 0.8 0.8 0.3 -0.6 3.7 3.6 2.9 1.4
Hungary 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -5.3 1.3 1.0 -0.2 -5.6
Malta 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.6 5.0 5.9 6.5 4.2
Netherlands 0.2 0.4 0.1 -3.1 1.2 1.9 1.0 -2.4
Austria 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -4.1 1.0 0.9 0.3 -4.0
Poland -0.2 -0.4 0.8 -1.2 -0.1 0.5 1.1 -1.2
Portugal 0.3 0.0 -0.5 -3.4 0.7 0.2 -0.5 -3.6
Romania -1.3 0.5 -0.4 -1.9 -1.0 0.8 0.4 -3.4
Slovenia 0.3 0.2 0.0 -2.4 2.3 1.8 1.0 -2.0
Slovakia -0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -1.1 1.0 0.7 -0.5 -2.6
Finland -0.8 0.3 -0.2 -2.1 1.6 1.3 0.9 -3.2
Sweden 0.1 0.0 -0.7 -1.4 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.0
United Kingdom -0.2 0.6 0.6 -0.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.3
Iceland : : : : -0.4 -1.4 -1.0 -4.2
Norway 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -1.3 1.6 1.2 0.9 -1.7
Switzerland 0.1 0.3 0.4 -2.4 0.3 0.9 1.1 -1.6
: Data not available
* Percentage change in the number of persons employed in resident production units compared with the previous quarter based on
seasonally adjusted data. Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year based on non-seasonally adjusted
data.
See predefined tables: tec00108 (quarterly change), teina305 (annual change), tec00109 (levels)
Source dataset: namq_10_a10_e (including breakdowns by industry)
 Growth rates of employment in hours worked*
Percentage change compared with Percentage change compared with
the previous quarter the same quarter of the previous year
2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2
Euro area 0.2 0.0 -4.1 -12.8 1.2 0.9 -3.2 -16.6
EU 0.2 -0.1 -3.1 -10.7 1.1 0.8 -2.6 -13.8
Belgium : : : : : : : :
Bulgaria 0.1 0.3 -0.4 -10.0 0.2 0.9 -1.2 -10.6
Czechia 0.0 -0.5 -2.6 -7.8 1.5 -1.4 -3.9 -10.6
Denmark 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 -7.2 1.6 0.3 -1.4 -8.5
Germany 0.4 -0.4 -1.9 -8.0 1.2 -0.3 -1.9 -10.0
Estonia -2.2 1.9 -3.9 -7.3 1.3 0.9 -3.8 -11.8
Ireland 0.5 1.5 1.4 -13.3 2.0 2.2 4.1 -10.5
Greece -1.0 0.0 -9.4 -19.0 0.6 2.1 -5.6 -29.8
Spain -0.1 0.8 -5.0 -21.4 0.7 1.8 -4.3 -24.6
France 0.4 0.1 -4.2 -15.5 0.9 0.9 -2.9 -18.7
Croatia 6.1 -3.5 -1.4 -1.9 6.4 2.9 -0.9 -1.1
Italy 0.3 -0.5 -7.7 -13.1 0.7 0.4 -7.2 -20.1
Cyprus -1.2 -1.7 -2.6 -6.3 2.9 2.6 0.4 -13.9
Latvia 2.8 -1.0 -1.1 -10.9 0.1 -1.4 -1.9 -10.3
Lithuania -0.7 0.8 -1.8 -6.3 -0.5 0.1 -1.6 -11.2
Luxembourg 0.8 0.8 -3.3 -7.3 3.6 3.6 -0.8 -8.8
Hungary 0.0 0.1 -1.3 -13.0 1.9 1.4 -0.7 -14.1
Malta 0.7 0.9 -4.0 -8.3 6.3 7.1 0.2 -11.1
Netherlands -1.0 0.8 -1.4 -6.1 1.5 1.6 0.0 -9.5
Austria 0.0 -0.3 -2.3 -5.8 0.9 0.9 -1.5 -8.3
Poland 0.5 -0.8 0.3 -2.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.0 -2.5
Portugal -0.1 0.9 -4.5 -20.6 0.5 1.1 -3.5 -22.6
Romania -0.3 0.1 0.0 -2.5 -0.7 0.9 0.6 -2.9
Slovenia -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -12.7 2.8 0.3 -0.1 -13.3
Slovakia 1.3 -0.5 -4.0 -14.2 1.8 0.7 -3.9 -17.0
Finland -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -3.5 1.7 0.9 -0.3 -6.5
Sweden 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -7.2 1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -6.6
United Kingdom 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 -18.4 1.0 0.8 -2.5 -19.3
Iceland : : : : -3.2 -0.8 -4.4 -11.3
Norway 0.3 0.0 -2.3 -4.2 3.6 1.4 0.4 -5.4
: Data not available
* Percentage change in the number of hours worked in resident production units compared with the previous quarter based on seasonally
adjusted data. Percentage change compared with the same quarter of the previous year based on non-seasonally adjusted data.
Source dataset: namq_10_a10_e (including breakdowns by industry)
 Overview on the evolution of main expenditure components

GDP AND EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS

PERCENTAGE CHANGE OVER THE PREVIOUS QUARTER AND THE SAME QUARTER OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR – SEASONALLY ADJUSTED – CHAIN-LINKED VOLUMES

Household & NPISH final Government final consumption

GDP Gross Fixed Capital Formation Exports Imports
consumption expenditure expenditure

2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

t/t-1 EA 0.3 0.1 -3.7 -11.8 0.4 0.1 -4.5 -12.4 0.6 0.3 -0.7 -2.6 -5.1 5.7 -5.2 -17.0 0.6 0.0 -3.9 -18.8 -2.3 2.2 -3.2 -18.0
t/t-1 EU 0.4 0.1 -3.3 -11.4 0.4 0.3 -4.2 -12.0 0.6 0.5 -0.8 -2.4 -4.2 4.9 -4.6 -15.4 0.7 -0.1 -3.2 -18.8 -1.8 1.8 -2.8 -17.8
t/t-4 EA 1.4 1.0 -3.2 -14.7 1.5 1.2 -3.8 -15.9 2.1 1.9 0.6 -2.5 3.3 5.0 1.2 -21.1 2.8 1.8 -3.1 -21.5 2.9 2.7 0.2 -20.7
t/t-4 EU 1.6 1.2 -2.7 -13.9 1.8 1.6 -3.2 -15.1 2.1 2.2 0.8 -2.0 3.7 5.0 1.2 -19.0 3.2 1.7 -2.5 -21.0 3.1 2.4 0.2 -20.1

CONTRIBUTIONS OF EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS TO VARIATION IN GDP

GDP VOLUME VARIATION OVER THE PREVIOUS QUARTER AND THE SAME QUARTER OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR – SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Household & NPISH final Government final consumption
Changes in Inventories* Gross Fixed Capital Formation Exports Imports
consumption expenditure expenditure

2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
t/t-1 EA -0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 -2.4 -6.6 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -1.1 1.2 -1.2 -3.8 0.3 0.0 -1.9 -9.1 1.1 -1.0 1.4 8.1
t/t-1 EU -0.2 -0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -2.2 -6.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 1.0 -1.0 -3.4 0.3 -0.1 -1.6 -9.3 0.8 -0.8 1.3 8.2
t/t-4 EA -0.6 -0.8 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.7 -2.0 -8.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.5 0.7 1.1 0.2 -4.8 1.4 0.9 -1.5 -10.4 -1.3 -1.2 -0.1 9.3
t/t-4 EU -0.7 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1 1.0 0.9 -1.7 -8.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.4 0.8 1.1 0.2 -4.3 1.6 0.8 -1.2 -10.4 -1.4 -1.1 -0.1 9.3

GDP AND EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS

Levels SECOND QUARTER 2020 - IN MILLIONS OF EURO - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED - AT CURRENT PRICES
Household & NPISH Government final
Gross Fixed Capital Changes in
GDP final consumption consumption Domestic Demand Exports Imports External Balance
Formation Inventories*
expenditure expenditure

EA 2 598 697.1 1 348 850.5 621 818.5 542 394.6 2 876.5 2 515 940.1 1 108 480.0 1 025 723.1 82 756.9
EU 3 056 003.1 1 580 200.9 729 177.4 647 233.6 1 335.0 2 957 946.9 1 333 124.2 1 235 068.0 98 056.2

* Changes in inventories include acquisitions less disposals of valuables.

Source dataset: namq_10_gdp