NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE-52

(AUTONOMOUS)
15ME603 -FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
ASSIGNMENT – I
PART-A (attempt any 10 questions)
1. What is meant by finite element analysis?
2. What is meant by joint (or) node and element?
3. Define Discretization with classification.
4. Define weak form and specify its merits.
5. State the three phases of finite element method.
6. Define Degree of freedom.
7. What is Rayleigh Ritz method? 
8. What is structural and non-structural problem?
9. Name any four FEA software and applications.
10. List out the various weighted residual methods with formula.
11. List the advantages and disadvantages of FEM.
12. Discuss about Galerkin’s method of approximation.
13. List the application of FEA.
14. What is the classification of co-ordinates and explain?
15. Define shape function and write its properties.
16. Distinguish between1D bar element and1D beam element.
17. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensional bar element and beam element.
18. Define boundary conditions and distinguish between essential and natural boundary conditions.
19. Write down the properties or characteristics of stiffness matrix.
20. What is a higher order element? Give an example.

PART-A (attempt any 5 questions)

1. List and briefly describe the general steps of the finite element method.
2. Explain the various types weighted residual methods.
3. Write short notes on Rayleigh- Ritz method, Galerkin method
4. A Simply Supported Beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span. Determine the
Bending moment and deflection at mid span by using Rayleigh Ritz method and compare with exact
solutions.
5. A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span and it is subjected to a
point load at the centre of the span.Calculate the bending moment and deflection at the mid span using
Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution.
6. The following differential equation is available for a physical phenomenon. d2y/dx2 + 50 = 0, 0<x<10 ,.The
trial function is, y=ax(10-x) The boundary conditions are y(0)=0 and y(10)=0 Find the value of the
parameter ‘a’ by (i) Point collocation method (ii) Sub-domain collocation method (iii) Least squares
method (iv) Galerkin’s method
d2 y
7. The differential equation of a physical phenomenoe is given by +400 x 2=0 0≤ x ≤1 , Trial
dx 2
function y=a1(x-x3) +a2(x-x5) Boundary conditions are y ( 0 )=0, y ( 1 )=0 .Calculate the value of the
parameter a1 and a2 by the point collocation, sub domain collocation, Least squares and Galerkin’s method.
d2 y
8. Consider the differential equation of a physical phenomenon is given by +300 x 2=0 , 0≤ x ≤1 with
dx 2
the boundary conditions are y(0)=0 and y(l)=0.The functional corresponding to this problem to be
 1 2
extremized is given by I= ∫ (−1/2 ( dy
dx ) +300 x2 y )dx .Find the solution of the problem using
0
Rayleigh-Ritz method using a one term solution as Y=ax(1-x3).
9. Derivation of stiffness matrix and shape function for one dimensional bar element.
10. Derivation of stiffness matrix and shape function for two dimensional beam elements.
11. Consider a bar as shown in figure. An axial load of 200 KN is applied at point (P).Take A 1 =2400 mm2 ,
E1=70 x 109 N/ m2. A 2 = 600mm2, E 2 = 200 x 109 N/ m2 calculate the following. 1. The nodal
displacement at point (P), 2.Stress in each material, 3.Reaction force.

12. For the BEAM shown in figures. Determine the deflection under the load and construct the shear force
and bending moment diagrams for the beam.

13. For a tapered bar of uniform thickness t=10mm as shown in figure. Find the displacements at the nodes
by forming into two element model. The bar has a mass density ρ = 7800 Kg/m 3, the young’s modulus
E = 2x105 MN/m2. In addition to self weight, the bar is subjected to a point load P= 1 KN at its centre.
Also determine the reaction forces at the support.

All dimensions are in mm

14. Compute the element stresses developed in the three materials of the bar shown in figure. For bronze,
modulus of elasticity is 80 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 19 X 10 -6 /°C. The modulus
of elasticity for aluminium is70 GPa and coefficient of thermal expansion is 23 X 10 -6 /°C. For steel,
modulus of elasticity for aluminium is200 GPa and coefficient of thermal expansion is 18X 10 -6 /°C.
The structure is also subjected to an increase in temperature of 80°C apart from axial loading.
 NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE-52
(AUTONOMOUS)
13ME702 - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
ASSIGNMENT – II
PART-A
1. What are the basic steps involved in the finite element modeling?
2. Compare CST, LST and QST element with suitable diagram.
3. What are the important properties of CST element?
4. Write a strain- displacement matrix for CST element.
5. Write a strain- stress relationship matrix (constitutive matrix) for plain strain and plain stress condition.
6. Write down the stiffness matrix equation for two dimensional CST elements.
7. Compare plane stress and plane strain with suitable example.
8. What is meant by Pascal’s triangle?
9. Define heat transfer and mode of heat transfer.
10.Discuss about heat flex and thermal conductivity.
11.What is meant by axi-symmetric field problem? Give an example.
12.State the conditions to be satisfied in order to use axisymmetric elements.
13.What do you mean by boundary conditions and classifications?
14.Give the shape function and stiffness matrix equation for a axisymmetric triangular element.
15.State the constitutive law for axisymmetric problems.

PART – B
1. Determine the shape function for a constant strain
triangular (CST) element in terms of natural co-ordinate
system.
2. Derive the shape functions for a 3 noded triangular element
as shown in figure and using the same determine the
temperature at the point P(1.5,2),given that the
temperatures at nodes 1,2 and 3 are 75°C,90°C and 60°C respectively.

3. The(x, y) coordinates of nodes I,j and k of a triangular element are given by (0,0) , (3,0) and (1.5,4) mm
respectively. Evaluate the shape functions N1, N2 and N3 at an interior point P (2, 2.5) mm for the
element. For the same triangular element, obtain the strain –
displacement relation matrix B
4. For the constant strain triangular element shown in figure,
assemble strain- displacement matrix. Take t=20mm and E=2
x 105 N/m m2.
5. Evaluate the element stiffness matrix for triangular element shown in figure. Under plane Stress
conditions, Assume the following values E = 2x105 N/ m m 2 , µ=0.3, t=10mm

6. The (x,y) co- ordinates

of nodes i, j, and k of an
Constant triangular
element are given by
(3,4) , (6,5) and (5,8) cm respectively. The element displacement (in
cm) vector is given as q = (0.002, 0.001, 0.001, 0.004, -0.003, 0.007 )
T
. . Determine the element stresses. Assume E =200GN/m 2 µ = 0.3
and t = 10mm
7. The element shown in figure is subjected to a temperature change 10 ° C. Find the load due to
temperature change. Take E= 200 Gpa. µ = 0.3, t=2mm, α = 7x10 -6 /°C. Assume Plane strain
conditions.

8. Compute the element matrices and force vectors for the element shown in figure, when the edges 2-3
and 2-1 experience convection heat loss.

9. Calculate the element equations for the element shown in figure, which experience convection on the
side 2,3 and its upper face.

10. For the axisymmetric elements shown in figure. Determine the

stiffness matrix. Let E= 2.1 x 10 5 N/mm2 and µ= 0.25. The co-
ordinates shown in figure are in millimeters.
11. For the axisymmetric element shown in figure. Determine the element stresses. Take E=2.1x10 5
N/mm2 and µ=0.25, The co-ordinates shown in figure are in millimeter The Nodal displacements are,
u1= 0.05mm , u2 =0.02mm , u3= 0mm , w1= 0.03mm w2= 0.02mm , w3=0mm

NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE-52

(AUTONOMOUS)
13ME702 - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
PART-A
1. Write a strain- stress relationship matrix (constitutive matrix) for plain strain and plain
stress condition.
2. What is meant by Pascal’s triangle?
3. Define heat transfer and mode of heat transfer.
4. Discuss about heat flex and thermal conductivity.
5. What is meant by Axi-symmetric field problem? Give an example.
6. State the conditions to be satisfied in order to use axisymmetric elements.
7. What do you mean by boundary conditions and classifications?
8. Give the shape function and stiffness matrix equation for an axisymmetric triangular
element.
9. State the constitutive law for axisymmetric problems.
10. What is the purpose of Isoparametric elements?
11. What are the main applications of Isoparametric formulation?
12. What is the difference between natural co – ordinate and simple natural co – ordinate?
13. Distinguish sub parametric element and super parametric element
14. Define Jacobian matrix with matrix form.
15. Write down the (B) matrix and stiffness matrix for 4 noded rectangular elements using
simple natural co- ordinate system.

PART – B
1. Derive the shape function for the axisymmetric triangular
element
2. Derive the shape function for four noded isoparametric
elements.
3. For the axi symmetric triangular element shown in figure,
assemble strain- displacement matrix. Take t=20mm and
 E=2 x 105 N/m m2.
4. Evaluate the element stiffness
matrix with check condition of
properties for axisymmetric
triangular element shown in figure.
Assume the following values
E = 200 GPa, µ=0.25.
5. For the axisymmetric elements shown in figure.
Determine the stiffness matrix. Let E and µ value is
steel material. The co-ordinates shown in figure are
in millimeters.

6. Compute the element matrices and force vectors for

the element shown in figure, when the edges 2-3 and
2-1 experience convection heat loss.

7. Calculate the element equations for the element shown in figure, which experience
convection on the side 2,3 and its upper face.
8. For the axisymmetric element shown in figure. Determine
the element stresses. Take E=2.1x10 5 N/mm2 and
µ=0.25, The co-ordinates shown in figure are in millimeter
The Nodal displacements are, u1= 0.05mm ,
u2 =0.02mm , u3= 0mm , w1= 0.03mm w2= 0.02mm ,
w3=0mm

9. For the isoparametric element shown in Fig., determine the Cartesian coordinates of
point P which has local co-ordinates ε = 0.5 and η = 0.5

10. For the isoparametric quadrilateral element shown in Fig., determine the local co-
ordinates of point P which has Cartesian co-ordinates (7, 4). The loads 15 kN and 20 kN
are acting in x and y directions on that point P. Evaluate the nodal equivalent forces.
11. Determine the Cartesian co-ordinates of the
point (P) which has local co ordinates (0.8 ,0.6 )

12. Evaluate the Jacobian matrix at the

local co ordinates ξ = η =0.5, for the
linear quadrilateral element with its
global co ordinates as shown in figure
and calculate strain and displacement
matrix (B)

13. For the isoparametric element shown in

figure..Determine the element stresses and
 element strain .Take E= 2.1x10 5 N/mm2 and µ=0.25, gauss point r = 0.5 and S=
0.5 . The co-ordinates shown in figure are in millimeter The Nodal displacements are,
u1= 0.05mm , u2 =0.02mm u3= 0mm u4= 0.01mm , w1= 0.03mm w2= 0.02mm ,
w3=0mm , w4=0.01mm.

NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE-52

(AUTONOMOUS)
13ME702 - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS - ONLINE TEST
1. What is meant by finite element?
A. A small units having definite shape of geometry and nodes
B. A big units having definite shape of geometry and nodes
C. A small units having definite shape of geometry and element.
D. A small units having definite shape of geometry and node and element
ANSWER : A
2. What is the basic of finite element method?
A. Discretization
B. Node
C. Element
D. Stiffness matrix
ANSWER : A
3.State the three phases of finite element method.
A. Preprocessing ,Analysis ,Post Processing
B. Analysis ,Post Processing ,Preprocessing
C. Analysis ,Preprocessing ,Post Processing
D. Preprocessing ,Ansys ,Post Processing.
ANSWER : A
4. What are the h versions of finite element method?
A. the order of polynomial approximation for all elements is kept constant and the numbers of elements
are increased.
B. the order of polynomial approximation for all elements and numbers of elements are kept constant
C. the order of polynomial approximation for all elements and numbers of elements are kept increased
D. the numbers of elements are maintained constant and the order of polynomial approximation of
element is increased.
ANSWER : C
5. What is discretization?
A. The art of dividing a structure in to a convenient number of smaller components
B. The art of subdividing a structure in to a convenient number of smaller components
C. The art of subdividing a structure in to a convenient number of bigger components
D. The art of subdividing a structure in to a convenient number of no components
ANSWER : A
6. How do you calculate the size of the global stiffness matrix?
A. Global stiffness matrix size = Number of nodes X Degrees of freedom per node
B. Global stiffness matrix size = Number of nodes + Degrees of freedom per node
C. Global stiffness matrix size = Number of nodes - Degrees of freedom per node
D. Global stiffness matrix size = Number of nodes % Degrees of freedom per node
ANSWER : A

7. What is DOF?
A. It is a variable that describes the behavior of a node in an element.
B. as distributed force acting on the surface of the body.
C. Connecting between two node
D. The art of dividing a structure in to a convenient number of smaller components
ANSWER : A

8. Define node and element.

A. point & connecting between two point
B. point & connecting between one point
C. point & connecting between three point
D. None
ANSWER : A

9. Write down the stiffness matrix equation for two-dimensional CST element.
A. Stiffness matrix, [k] = [B] T [D] [B] A*t
B. Stiffness matrix, [k] = [B] T [D] [B] 2A*t
C. Stiffness matrix, [k] = [B] T [D] [B] A*2*3.14*r
D. Stiffness matrix, [k] = [B] T [D] [B] A
ANSWER : A

10. In what way the natural frequency is related with element stiffness?
Suppose ω is the natural frequency, k is the element stiffness and m is the mass of the element, than
A. ω = √k/L
B. ω = √k/mt
C. ω = √M/K
D. ω = √k/m
ANSWER : D
 NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE-52
(AUTONOMOUS)
13ME702 - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS - ONLINE TEST
1.Name any FEA softwares.
A. ANSYS
B. NASTRAN
C. COSMOS
D. All
ANSWER : D

2.Write down the expression of shape function N and displacement u for one dimensional bar element.
A. U= N1u1+N2u2
B. U= N1u1+N2v2 +N3u3+N4v4
C. U= N1u1+N2v2
D. U= N1u1+N2u2 +N3u3+N4u4
ANSWER : A

3.What kind of hardware do need to run a ANSYS? A PC with a sufficiently fast processor, at least
A. 2GB RAM, and at least 500 GB of hard disk
B. 2GB RAM, and at least 250 GB of hard disk
C. 1.2GB RAM, and at least 500 GB of hard disk
D. 2GB RAM, and at least 1 GB of hard disk
ANSWER : A

4.One dimensional elements:

A.Triangular element
B. Rectangular elements
C. Bar, spring , Beam, Truss
D.Tetrahedral elements
ANSWER : C
5.A Triangular element in space has a stiffness matrix of order is
A. 2 x 2
B. 4 x 4
C. 6 x 6
D. I x 1
ANSWER : C

6.Stresses in most FEM software are given

A. N/mm2
B. Pascal
C. units based on input data
D. user specified units
ANSWER : C

7.What is a QST element?

A.10 nodded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle
B.6 nodded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle
C.12 nodded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle
D.3 nodded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle
ANSWER : A

8.Define axi symmetric.

A. The symmetric about their axis of rotation at 360 degree
B. The symmetric about their axis of rotation at 60 degree
C. The symmetric about their axis of rotation at 180 degree
D. The symmetric about their axis of rotation at 90 degree
ANSWER : A

9.What is meant by Primary boundary condition (or) essential boundary condition?

A.The boundary condition which in terms of the field variables is known asprimary boundary condition
B.The boundary conditions which are in the differential form of field variables is known assecondary
boundary condition.
C.The boundary condition which in terms of the non field variables is known asprimary boundary
condition
D.The boundary conditions which are in the non differential form of field variables is known assecondary
boundary condition.
ANSWER : A

10.Give the stiffness matrix equation for an axisymmetric triangular element.

A.Stiffness matrix, [k] = 2p r A [B] T [D] [B]
B.Stiffness matrix, [k] = 2p r A [B] [D] [B]
C.Stiffness matrix, [k] = A t [B] T [D] [B]
D.Stiffness matrix, [k] = A [B] T [D] [B]
ANSWER : A