Design Example of Design of RC Slab Bridge

Problem Statement and Owner Requirements

Design a Bridge Deck to meet the following requirements of owner.

 Type of Bridge : Local Road Bridge

 Bridge Clear Span :6m
 Carriage Way : Two Lane
 Foot Path : Two (Each on either side of bridge)
 Wearing Course : Asphalt Concrete
 Height of Support :7m

Design of Bridge Deck

Design of bridge deck has been carried out in the following steps.

I. Planning and Preliminary Design of Deck

Bridge deck design is started with the appropriate selection of bridge deck type. Then
geometry of the deck is planned, type of materials required for deck are decided.
(Refer IRC 5 and IRC 6 for planning and preliminary design)

II. Analysis of Bridge Deck

In the analysis, loads on bridge deck are assessed, critical responses of bridge deck i.e.
maximum values of longitudinal bending moment, and longitudinal shear force and
transverse bending moment at the critical sections of deck slab are calculated.
(Refer IRC 6 for analysis of bridge deck)

III. Design and Detailing of Bridge Deck

In this stage, critical section of deck slab is designed for different responses. Sizes of the
component of Slab Bridge is verified, find quantity of reinforcing bars and their
arrangements. After design, detailing of reinforcing bars is carried out.
(Refer IRC 21 and IRC 112, IS456, SP16 and SP34 for RC design and detailing)

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 1

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I. Planning and Preliminary Design of Bridge Deck
A. Selection of Type of Bridge Deck
For bridges up to 8 m span, slab type of bridge will be technically and economically feasible.
So for 6 m span, slab type deck is appropriate and has been selected.

B. Material Selection

Take

 M25 grade of concrete for all RC work

 Fe 415 HYSD bars for all RC work
 Asphalt Concrete for Wearing Coat
 Heavy Steel Pipe of Mild Steel for Railing

C. Geometry of Bridge Deck

Depth of Slab
Follow deflection control criterion to determine the depth of slab.
Take
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
= 13
𝑑
6.4
∴𝑑= = 0.492; Adopt Overall Depth of Slab (D) = 550 mm
13
Effective Depth of slab (d) = Overall Depth – Concrete Cover – Dia. Of bar/2
= 550 – 40 – 20/2
= 500 mm
Where,
 Effective Span of bridge = Clear Span + Bearing Width (or Clear Span + d) = 6.4 m
Min. Bearing Width of bridge = 305 + 2.5L + 10H mm [Refer 219.9 IRC 6-2010]
= 390 mm Where, L= 6m and H = 7m
Adopt bearing width of slab = 400 mm
 Minimum clear cover to main reinforcing bar = 40 mm [Refer IRC 21]
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
 Usually ratio for RC solid slab bridge is taken 12 to 15.
𝑑

Width of Carriageway and Foot Path

Take, Width of carriageway =7.5 m, Width of footpath = 1 m, Height of footpath = 0.3 m

 Minimum carriageway width for double lane bridge = 7 m

 Minimum width of footway = 0.6 m
 Minimum raised height of footway from wearing course = 0.225 m [Refer IRC 5]

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 Type of Railing

Provide heavy steel pipe with RC post as railing.

Take

 RC post of 225 mm × 225 mm × 1100 mm

 No of Post = 5 on either side of bridge
 Spacing of post = 1.6 m for intermediate posts and 1.68 m for end posts
 3 - 48.3 mm ∅ heavy steel pipe @ 4.37 kg per running meter [Refer steel section book]

48.3 mm dia. steel pipe

0.1 m

0.4 m
1.1 m
Fig: Railing
0.4 m

0.4 m
0.225 m

Type of Drainage Spout

Take Standard type of drainage spout with 100 mm dia. drainage pipe

Provide drainage spout @ 3.4 m c/c

Type of Wearing Coat [Refer 1308, Yellow Book]

Take Asphalt Concrete for wearing coat of bridge. Thickness of wearing coat is taken 50 mm
at edge and 110 mm at mid of carriage way to give about 2.5% camber.

Length of Bridge

Length of bridge = span of bridge + bearing width = 6.4 + 0.4 = 6.8 m

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 3

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 Transverse Section
of Bridge at A-A

Asphalt concrete of 50 mm th. at

edge and 110 mm th. at crown
B

1.1 m
7.5 m RC post of 225 mm × 225 mm
with three heavy steel pipes
0.55m
9.5 m

RC foot path of 1m width

and 0.3 m height
B

Longitudinal Section
of Bridge at B-B

RC foot path of 1 m width RC posts with 1.6 m

and 0.3 m height spacing for intermediate
and 1.68 m spacing for end
posts
0.55 m

6.4 m
L = 6.8 m
A

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 4

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II. Analysis of Bridge Deck
Normally slab is analyzed and designed for one meter strip. So in this example load and
responses of slab have been calculated for one meter strip of deck slab.

Dead Load Calculation

Take self-weight of RC slab and wearing coat as dead loads for middle strip of slab.

Design load due to self-weight of slab and wearing course for one meter strip (𝑤𝑢 )
= 𝐷𝑠 𝛾𝑅𝐶 𝑟𝑓 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐷𝑤𝑐 𝛾𝑤𝑐 𝑟𝑓 𝑤𝑐 = 0.55 × 25 × 1.35 + 0.08 × 22 × 1.75 = 21.65 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

wu = 21.65KN / m

6.4 m

Where,
Unit weight of reinforced concrete 𝛾𝑅𝐶 =25 KN/m3
Unit weight of Asphalt concrete (wearing coat) 𝛾𝑤𝑐 =22 KN/m3
Partial safety factor for DL (slab) 𝑟𝑓 𝐷𝐿 = 1.35
Partial safety factor for wearing coat 𝑟𝑓 𝑤𝑐 = 1.75
Average depth for wearing course 𝐷𝑤𝑐 = (0.11 + 0.05)/2 = 0.08 m
[For partial safety factor for load refer IRC 6 -2010]

Live Load Calculation

According to IRC 6 -2010 Table 2, following live load shall be considered for two Lane Bridge.

 Two lane of class A load as normal load

Or
 One lane of class AA load (tracked and wheeled ) as abnormal load
In the case of abnormal load in local road bridge, Class AA load is recommended for
analysis instead of IRC 70R load.

Partial safety factor for live load 𝑟𝑓 𝐿𝐿 = 1.5

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 5

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Impact Factor Fraction for different Loadings

According to IRC 6-2010 Cl. 208.2

4.5 4.5
a. For Class A IFF = = = 0.363
6+𝐿 6+6.4
b. For Class AA (tracked) IFF = 0.25 for 5 m span
IFF = 0.10 for 9 m span
IFF = 0.1975 for 6.4m span
c. For Class AA (wheeled) IFF = 0.25 for span < 9m

Calculation of maximum longitudinal bending moment (LBM) at critical section of bridge deck

Longitudinal bending moment is maximum at mid span of slab. So in this example, LBM due to
dead load and live load have been calculated for mid span of slab.

1. Maximum LBM due to DL at mid span

𝑊𝑢 × 𝐿2
Maximum LBM at mid span = = 21.65 × 6.42/8 = 110.85 KN-m
8

2. Maximum LBM due to LL at mid span

Find LBM due to Class A load, Class AA tracked load and Class AA wheeled load at mid
span. Maximum value of LBM is taken for design.

LBM due to class A loading

 Position two trains of Class A load transversely at maximum eccentricity from the
center of deck maintaining minimum clearance from footpath.
 Take minimum clearance from footpath for class A load = 0.15 m and clear distance
between two trains of Class A load = 1.2 m
 Position Class A train longitudinally to give maximum LBM at mid span. In 6.4 m span
maximum loaded axles of Class A load is placed symmetrically with respect to mid
span of bridge to get maximum LBM at mid span.
 Longitudinal dispersion of the Class A load has not been considered in the example

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 6

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 Load from 114 KN axle of Class A load
2.6 m 1.2 m
m
Axle I Axle II
L = 6.4 m

Longitudinal position of Class A load

1 m 0.4 m 1.8 m 1.7 m 1.8 m

0.5 m
B = 9.5 m

Transverse positioning of Class A load [Two trains]

Find effective width (bef) of a wheel of Class A load [Refer IRC 21-2000 Cl. 305.16.2]

𝑎 2.6
bef = 𝛼 × 𝑎 1 − + 𝑏1 = 2.83 × 2.6 1 − + 0.66 = 5.03 m
𝑙 6.4
𝐵 9.5
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑎 = 2.6 m, l = 6.4 m, b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.5 = 0.66 m, 𝛼 = 2.83 𝑓𝑜𝑟 = = 1.484
𝑙 6.4

Since the bef of individual wheel overlaps, find modified effective width for all wheels of axle I
and axle II.
𝑏 𝑒𝑓
bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼 = bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼
= 1 + 0.4 + 1.8 + 1.7 + 1.8 + = 9.125 < 𝐵 = 9.5 𝑚
2
Hence, Adopt bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = 9.215 𝑚

2 × 114 × 𝐼𝐹 × 𝛾𝐿𝐿
𝑓 2 × 114 × 1.363 × 1.5
Load per unit width of slab = 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = = 50.6 KN/m
b ef 9.215

Maximum LBM at mid span = 50.6 × 3.2 - 50.6 × 0.6 = 131.6 KN-m

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 7

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 LBM due to Class AA (T) load at mid span

 Position a set of Class AA (T) load transversely at maximum eccentricity from the
center of deck maintaining minimum clearance from footpath.
 Take minimum clearance from footpath for class AA load in two lane bridge 1.2 m
 Position Class AA (T) longitudinally to give maximum LBM at mid span. Symmetrical
placement of track at mid span gives maximum LBM.
 Consider Longitudinal dispersion of track load (along span)
Ldis = 3.6 +2 × (D + h) = 3.6 + 2 × (0.55 + 0.08) = 4.86 m

4.86 m

a = 3.2 m
I = 6.4 m

Longitudinal positioning of Class AA (T)

1.625m
1m 1.2m 1.2m

0.85 m 0.85 m
B = 9.5m

Transverse positioning of Class AA (T)

Find effective width (bef) of individual track [Refer IRC 21-2000 Cl. 305.16.2]
𝑎 3.2
bef = 𝛼 × 𝑎 1 − + 𝑏1 = 2.83 × 3.2 1 − 6.4 + 1.01 = 5.538 m
𝑙
Where a = 3.2 m, l = 6.4 m, b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.85 = 1.01 m, 𝛼 = 2.83 for B/L = 1.484
Since the bef of individual track overlaps, find modified effective width for two tracks.
𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 1 + 1.625 + 2.05 + bef /2 = 7.44 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑
Adopt 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 7.44 𝑚
700 × 𝐼𝐹 × 𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 700 × 1.1975 × 1.5
Load per unit width = 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = = 34.77 KN/m
b 𝑒𝑓 × 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑠 7.44 × 4.86

700 × 1.1975 × 1.5

Maximum LBM at mid span = × 3.2 - 34.77 × 4.86/2 × 4.86/4 = 167.75 KN-m
7.44 × 2

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 8

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 LBM due to Class AA (W) at mid span

 Position a set of Class AA (W) load transversely at maximum eccentricity from the
center of deck maintaining minimum clearance from footpath.
 Take minimum clearance from footpath for class AA load in two lane bridge 1.2 m
 Position Class AA (W) longitudinally to give maximum LBM at mid span. Symmetrical
placement of two axle at mid span gives maximum LBM.
 Longitudinal dispersion of load has not been considered in the example

Load from 200 KN axle of Class AA (W) load

a = 2.6 m 1.2 m
m
Axle I Axle II
l = 6.4 m

Longitudinal position of Class AA (W) load

1m 1.2 m 0.6 m 1m 0.6 m

0.3 m
B = 9.5 m

Transverse positioning of Class AA (W) load

Find effective width (bef) of individual track [Refer IRC 21-2000 Cl. 305.16.2]
𝑎 2.6
bef = 𝛼 × 𝑎 1 − + 𝑏1 = 2.83 × 2.6 1 − 6.4 + 0.46 = 4.829 m
𝑙
Where a = 2.6m, l = 6.4 m, b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.3 = 0.46 m, 𝛼 = 2.83 for B/l = 1.484
Since the bef of individual wheel overlaps, find modified effective width for all wheels of
individual axle of Class AA (W)
0.3 𝑏𝑒𝑓
bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼 = bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼 = 1 + 1.2 + + 0.6 + 1 + 0.6 + = 6.96 𝑚 < 𝐵 = 9.5 𝑚
2 2
Adopt bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = 6.96 𝑚

200 × 𝐼𝐹 × 𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 200 × 1.25 × 1.5

Load per unit width = = = 53.88 KN/m
bef 𝑚𝑜𝑑 6.96

Maximum LBM at mid span = 53.88 × 3.2 - 53.88 × 0.6 = 140.1 KN-m

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 9

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Calculation of maximum longitudinal shear force (LSF) at critical section of bridge deck

LSF is maximum at support of slab. So in this example, LSF due to dead load and live load have
been calculated for support of slab.

1. Maximum LSF due to DL at support

𝑤𝑢 × 𝑙
Maximum LBM at mid span = = 21.65 × 6.4/2 = 69.3 KN/m
2

wu = 21.65KN /
m

6.4 m

2. Maximum LSF due to LL at support

Find LSF due to Class A load, Class AA tracked load and Class AA wheeled load at support.
Maximum value of LSF is taken for design.

LSF due to class A loading

 Position two trains of Class A load transversely at maximum eccentricity from the
center of deck maintaining minimum clearance from footpath. [Ref. LBM due to Class A]
 Take minimum clearance from footpath for class A load = 0.15 m and clear distance
between two trains of Class A load = 1.2 m
 Position Class A train longitudinally in such a way so that dispersion of wheels of axle I
will not go beyond the face of support.
 Longitudinal dispersion of the Class A load has not been considered in the example

Load from 114 KN axle of Class A load

0.955 m 1.2 m
mm
Axle I Axle II
L = 6.4 m

Longitudinal position of Class A load

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 Find effective width (bef) of individual wheel of axle I and axle II

𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 = 2.83 × 0.955 × (1- 0.955/ 6.4) + 0.66

= 2.95 m
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝐼 = 2.83 × 2.155 × (1- 2.155/ 6.4) + 0.66
= 4.70 m
Where, a1= 0.2 + 0.5 × (0.25 + 2 × (0.55 + 0.08)) = 0.955m for axle I
a2= a1 + 1.2 =2.155m for axle II
l = 6.4 m
b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.5 =0.66 m
𝛼 = 2.83 for B/l =9.5/6.4 =1.484 (for simply supported slab)
Since the bef of individual wheel overlaps, find modified effective width for all wheels of
each axle.
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼 𝑏 𝑒𝑓 𝐼
𝑏𝑒𝑓 =1 + 0.4 + 1.8 + 1.7 + 1.8 + 2
= 8.17 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼
Hence, 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 8.17 𝑚

2×114×𝐼𝐹×𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 2×114×1.363×1.5
Load per unit width = = = 57.06 KN/m
𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑒𝑓
𝐼
8.17
Similarly,
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼
𝑏𝑒𝑓 =1 + 0.4 + 1.8 + 1.7 + 1.8 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝐼 / 2
= 9.05 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼
Hence, 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 8.17 𝑚

2×114×𝐼𝐹×𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 2×114×1.363×1.5
Load per unit width = 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼 = = 51.51 KN/m
𝑏𝑒𝑓 9.05
S.F. at support VA
VA × 6.4 = 57.06 × (6.4 - 0.955) + 51.51 × (6.4 - 2.155)
∴ VA = 82.71 KN

Maximum LSF due to class AA (W)

 Transverse positioning of Class AA (W) is same as in LBM

 Longitudinal positioning of Class AA (W) is done in such a way so that dispersion of
wheels of axle I will not go beyond the face of support (bearing).
 Longitudinal dispersion is not considered for calculation of S.F.

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 11

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 Load from 200 KN axle of Class AA (W) load
a1 = 0.905 m
1.2 m
mm
Axle I Axle II
l = 6.4 m

Longitudinal position of Class AA (W) load

Find effective width (bef) of individual wheel

𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 = 2.83 × 0.905(1 - 0.905/ 6.4) + 0.46

= 2.65 m
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝐼= 2.83 ×2.105(1 - 2.105/ 6.4) + 0.46
= 4.45 m
Where a1= 0.2 + 0.5 × (0.15 + 2 × (0.55 + 0.08)) = 0.905 m
a2= a1 + 1.2 =2.105m
l = 6.4 m
b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.3 =0.46 m
𝛼 = 2.83 for B/l = 9.5/6.4 = 1.484 (for simply supported slab)
Since the bef of individual wheel overlaps, find modified effective width for all wheels of each
axle.
𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼
=1 + 1.35 + 0.6 + 1 + 0.6 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 /2 = 5.875 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼
Hence, 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 5.875 𝑚
200×𝐼𝐹×𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 200×1.25×1.5
Load per unit width = 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼 = = 63.83 KN
𝑏𝑒𝑓 5.875

Similarly,
𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝐼
=1 + 1.35 + 0.6 + 1 + 0.6 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝐼 /2 = 6.77 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝐼𝐼
Hence, 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 6.77 𝑚
200×𝐼𝐹×𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 200×1.25×1.5
Load per unit width = = = 55.39 KN/m
𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑒𝑓
𝐼𝐼 6.77

S.F. at support VA
VA × 6.4 = 63.83 × (6.4 - 0.905) + 51.51 × (6.4 - 2.105)
∴ VA = 89.37 KN

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 Maximum LSF due to class AA (T)

 Transverse positioning of Class AA (T) is same as in LBM.

 Longitudinal positioning of Class AA (T) is done in such a way so that dispersion of
track will not go beyond the face of support (bearing).
 Longitudinal dispersion of tracked load is considered for calculation of S.F.
4.86 m

a = 2.63 m
m I = 6.4 m

Longitudinal positioning of Class AA (T)

Find effective width (bef) of a track

bef = 2.83 × 2.63 (1- 2.63/ 6.4) + 1.01

= 5.39 m
Where, a = 0.2 + (3.6 + 2 × (0.55 + 0.08))/2 =2.63m
l = 6.4 m, b1 = 0.08 × 2 + 0.85 = 1.01 m, 𝛼 = 2.83 For B/l =9.5/6.4 =1.484
Since the bef of tracks overlap, find modified effective width.
𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 1 + 1.2 + 0.85/2 + 2.05 + bef/2 = 7.37 m < B = 9.5 m
𝑚𝑜𝑑
Hence, 𝑏𝑒𝑓 = 7.37 𝑚
700×𝐼𝐹 × 𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿 700×1.1975×1.5
Load per unit width = 𝑚𝑜𝑑 = = 35.11 KN/m
𝑏𝑒𝑓 × 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑠 7.37×4.86

S.F. at A

VA × 6.4 = 35.11 × 4.86 × (6.4 - 2.63)

∴VA = 100.52 KN

Calculation of maximum transverse bending moment (TBM) at mid of mid span of Slab Deck

Transverse bending moment of slab deck per unit width has been calculated according to IRC
21-2000 Cl. 305.18.1

Maximum TBM at mid of mid span = 0.3 × Max. LBM due to LL + 0.2 × Max. LBM due to DL
= 0.3 × 167.8 + 0.2 × 110.85
= 72.51 KN-m

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 Design Responses
 Design LBM due to dead load and live load at mid span of slab deck per one meter strip
= 110.85 + 167.8 = 278.65 KN-m /m
 Design LSF due to dead load and live load at support of slab deck per one meter strip
= 69.3 + 100.52 = 169.82 KN/m/m
 Design TBM due to dead load and live load at mid of mid span of slab deck per one meter
strip = 72.51 KN-m/m

III. Design

1. Design of Deck Slab

 Mid section of deck slab has been designed for maximum bending moment due to
dead load and live load and section at support has been designed for maximum
shear force due to dead load and live load.
 Reinforcing bars have been found for longitudinal and transverse bending moment
and depth of slab has been verified for longitudinal shear force.
 Deck slab has been designed at limit state of collapse and checked at limit state of
serviceability.

i. Design of Deck Slab for Bending

Design Section of deck slab

1000 mm
Take

Clear cover to bar = 40mm

Dia of Long. Bar = 20mm D = 550 mm d = 500 mm

Dia of Tran. Bar = 12mm

Design Section
d (Log. Bar) = 550 – 40 – 20/2 = 500 mm
d (Tr. Bar)
Check depth of =slab
550 – 40 – 20 -12/2 = 484 mm

𝑀𝑢 278.65 × 10 6
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 = = = 284.2 mm
𝑄×𝑏 3.45×1000

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 14

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 Where, Q = 0.36 fck× 0.48 × (1 - 0.416 × 0.48) = 3.45
Since, 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 < 𝑑, design slab section as SR URS

Find reinforcing bars

Find the area of steel by using table of SP 16.

a. Longitudinal Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢
Find
𝑏𝑑 2
𝑀𝑢 278.65 × 10 6
= = 1.115 ≅ 1.15
𝑏×𝑑 2 1000×500 2

From table, pt= 0.338 % for fck= 25N/mm2 and fy= 415 N/mm2,

0.338
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = × 1000 × 500 = 1690 mm2
100
Adopt 6 - 20 mm ∅ bar; 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝑠𝑡 = 1885 mm2
Provide 20 mm ∅ @ 167 mm c/c

b. Transverse Reinforcement

𝑀𝑢 72.51 × 10 6
= =0.3095 ≅ 0.35
𝑏×𝑑 2 1000 × 484 2

From table, pt = 0.099 % < 0.12 %; Adopt pt = 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.12 % of bD

𝑟𝑒𝑞 0.12
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 1000 × 550 = 660 mm2
Adopt 6 - 12 mm ∅ bar; 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝑠𝑡 = 678 mm2
Provide 12 mm ∅ @ 167 mm c/c

c. Temperature Reinforcement

Provide 250 mm2 steel bars per m width as temperature reinforcements in both
direction of slab. [Refer IRC 21- 2000 Cl. 305.10]
Provide 12 mm ∅ bar @ 300mm c/c

ii. Design of Deck Slab for Shear

Check 𝝉𝒖𝒗 ≤ K 𝝉𝒖𝒄

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 15

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Where,
𝑉𝑢 169.82×1000
Nominal Shear Stress 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 0.34 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1000 ×500
Shear strength of concrete section 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.406N/mm2 for M25 and pt = 0.338 %,
Limiting value of Shear Stress 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm2 [Refer IS 456 table 19, 20]
Depth factor (K) =1

Since 𝜏𝑢𝑣 < K 𝜏𝑢𝑐 no shear reinforcement requires.

iii. Check Deck Slab for Deflection

𝒍
Check ≤ 𝜶𝜷𝜸𝜹𝝀
𝒅
Where,
𝑙 6.4
Actual span effective depth ratio of slab = = 12.8
𝑑 0.5
Limiting value of span effective depth ratio 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆= 20 × 1× 1.35 × 1 × 1 = 27
[Refer IS 456 Cl. 23.2.1]

𝑙
Since < 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆, deflection of slab deck is under control.
𝑑

iv. Check anchorage length of bar at support

Check provided anchorage length ≤ design anchorage length

Where,
2
Design Anchorage length = × 𝑙𝑑 = 385 mm [Refer IRC 21- 2000 Cl. 304.6.2]
3
𝑙𝑑 = 𝛼1 𝛼2 𝑙0
𝛼1 = 0.7 for bar with hooks
1690
𝛼2 = Bars required / Bar provided = = 0.896
1885
𝑙0 = 46 ∅ = 46 × 20 = 920 𝑚𝑚

2 1690
Provided anchorage length = 3 × 0.7 × 1885 × 46 × 20 = 385 mm

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 16

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 2. Design of Edge Stiffening Beam
 Footpath with deck slab at the edge of bridge deck has been treated as edge
stiffening beam.
 Mid section and section at support of edge stiffening beam have been designed for
maximum bending moment and maximum shear force due to dead load and live
load respectively.
 Longitudinal reinforcements have been found for maximum longitudinal bending
moment and shear reinforcements have been found for maximum longitudinal
shear force.
 Shear reinforcement of edge stiffening beam has been checked for lateral load of
7.5 KN/m at the top of footpath

Design Section of Edge Stiffening Beam 1000 mm

Take

Clear cover to bar = 40mm

D = 850 mm d = 800 mm
Dia of Longitudinal Bar = 20mm
Dia of Transverse Bar = 10mm

Design Section
Design Loads on Edge Stiffening Beam

Self-weight of beam = 0.85 × 1 × 25 × 1.35 = 28.7 KN/m

5×0.225×0.225×1.1×25×1.35+6.4×3×0.0437 ×1.35
Self-weight of railing = = 1.65𝐾𝑁/𝑚
6.4
Pedestrian Load = 4 × 1.5 = 6 KN/m
2
[Take 4 KN/m pedestrian load for span ≤ 7.5 m Refer IRC 6-2010 l. 206.3]

Total design load (𝑊𝑢 ) = 36.35 KN/m [Without vehicular live load]

Design BM at mid span of beam (Including BM due to vehicular load on Slab)

36.35×6.42
Mu = + LBM due to live load = 186.2 KN-m + 167.8 KN-m
8
= 354 KN-m

Design SF at support (Including SF due to vehicular load on Slab)

36.35 × 6.4
Vu = + LSF due live load = 116.32 KN + 100.52 KN
2
= 216.84 KN

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 17

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 Check depth of slab
𝑀𝑢 354 × 10 6
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 = = = 321 mm
𝑄×𝑏 3.45×1000
Where, Q = 0.36 fck × 0.48 × (1 - 0.416 × 0.48) = 3.45
𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 850 – 40 – 20/2 = 800 mm

Since, 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 < 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 , design the section as SR URS

Find reinforcing bars

Find the area of steel by using table of SP 16.

a. Longitudinal Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢
Find
𝑏𝑑 2
𝑀𝑢 354 × 10 6
= = 0.553 ≅ 0.6
𝑏×𝑑 2 1000 ×800 2

pt = 0.171 % < 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.2 % Adopt pt= 0.2%

0.2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 1000 × 800 = 1600 mm
2

Adopt 6 - 20 mm ∅ bar; 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣

𝑠𝑡 = 1885 mm2; 𝑝𝑡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 0.235%
Provide 20 mm ∅ @ 167 mm c/c

b. Shear Reinforcement

𝑉𝑢 216.84×1000
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 0.271 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1000 ×800
𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.29 N/mm2 for M25 and pt > 0.15 %,
Since 𝜏𝑢𝑣 < 𝜏𝑢𝑐 , shear reinforcement is not necessary to design. Provide
minimum shear reinforcement. Consider 8mm ∅ 4 legged stirrups
0.87×𝑓𝑦 ×𝐴𝑠𝑣
𝑆𝑣 = = 181.5 mm; Adopt 𝑆𝑣 = 180 mm
0.4×𝑏
Provide 8mm ∅ @ 180 mm c/c four legged vertical stirrups

Check provided shear reinforcement for horizontal load of 7.5 KN/m acting at the
top of footpath.

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 18

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 Reinforcement of Deck Slab

Design Example of RC Slab Bridge Page 19

Prepared by NC Sharma