AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

AMA1110 Basic Mathematics I -

Calculus and Probability & Statistics
Exercise 10

A Revision
Keywords: Descriptive statistics. Sampling Distribution. Sampling Error. Mean and
Standard Deviation of the Sampling Distribution. Central Limit Theorem.

Remark A.1 (Confidence Interval for population mean µ) .

The (1 − α)100% confidence interval for µ is
σ
X ± Z α2 √
n

where X is sample mean, σ is population standard deviation, n is the sample size, Z α2 is

read from the standard normal distribution table for the given confidence level.
Conditions: Normal population with known variance OR Non-normal population, large
sample n ≥ 30 with known variance.

Remark A.2 (Confidence Interval for population mean µ) .

The (1 − α)100% confidence interval for µ is
s
X ± Z α2 √
n

where X is sample mean, s is sample standard deviation, n is the sample size, Z α2 is read
from the standard normal distribution table for the given confidence level.
Conditions: Normal population with unknown variance OR Non-normal population, large
sample n ≥ 30 with unknown variance.

Remark A.3 (Confidence Interval for population mean µ) .

The (1 − α)100% confidence interval for µ is
s
X ± t α2 ,n−1 √
n

where X is sample mean, s is sample standard deviation, n is the sample size, t α2 ,n−1 is
obtained from the t distribution table for n − 1 degrees of freedom and the given confidence
level.
Conditions: Population is approximately normal distributed, sample n < 30 and σ is not
known.

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AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

B Exercise
1. A random sample of 16 students is chosen from University X and their heights (in
meters) are measured. It is found that
16
X 16
X
xi = 24 and x2i = 38.25,
i=1 i=1

where xi is the height of the ith student. It is also known that the population height
follows a normal distribution.

(a) Find a 98% confidence interval of the population mean height.

(b) Find a 99.5% confidence interval of the population mean height if σ 2 , the
population variance, is 0.16.

2. A research firm conducted a survey to determine the mean amount steady smokers
spend on cigarettes during a week. They found the distribution of amounts spent
per week followed the normal distribution with a population standard deviation of
$5. A sample of 49 steady smokers revealed that X = $20.

(a) What is the point estimate of the population mean?

(b) Using the 95% level of confidence, determine the confidence interval of the
population mean.

3. A specific motor, when working on 20 amps of current with 20k rpm speed, suffers
from a stray-load loss that has a normal distribution with standard deviation of 5
watts. The factory is working on figuring out a confidence interval for the mean of
this normal distribution. The consultant company draws a sample of size n to find
the sample mean 70.2 watts.

(a) If a sample of size 25, find a 95% confidence interval.

(b) If a sample of size 100, find a 95% confidence interval.
(c) If a sample of size 100, find a 99% confidence interval.
(d) If a sample of size 100, find a 82% confidence interval.
(e) If the factory hopes to find a 90% confidence interval with length ≤ 1, how
many data do they need to draw?

4. The resistance of a batch of resistors has a normal distribution with standard de-
viation of 60 ohm. Students do experiment to find a confidence interval of the
population mean µ.

(a) Find a 95% confidence interval of µ if a sample of 17 resistors are drawn with
sample mean 995 ohm.
(b) Find a 99% confidence interval of µ with the same sample in (a).
(c) Find the length of the 90% confidence interval if the sample size is 50.
(d) To make a 95% confidence interval of length no longer than 30, find the mini-
mum sample size.

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AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

5. Suppose we take a sample of size 20, independently from a normal population with
unknown variance to obtain the sample mean 10.5 and sample variance 2.1. Find
the 80%, 90%, and 95% confidence intervals of the population mean.

6. Neodymium is one of the rare earth element which is used to synthesize permanent
magnet. A team of researchers collected 20 mineral samples containing neodymium
oxide from various places of Bayan Obo deposit to determine the neodymium abun-
dance. Suppose the abundance has a normal distribution with unknown variance.
After experiments, the team determines that the average abundance of the sample
is 4.3% with sample standard deviation 2%. Find a 95% confidence interval for the
population mean.

7. According to the quantum mechanic theory, an eigenstate of a system can be a

linear combination of the basis eigenstates in the Hilbert space. The scientists have
designed an experiment to measure the probability of finding one basis eigenstate.
Each experiment takes 10,000-time measurements so as to evaluate the probability
which is assumed to have approximately a normal distribution with unknown vari-
ance. Now the experiment is repeated 15 times with average probability 0.63 and
sample standard deviation 0.05. Find a 90% confidence interval for the population
mean of the probability.

8. Suppose we have the following sample.

11.8, 9.6, 9.6, 9.2, 10.2.

(a) If the population variance is not known, find a 95% confidence interval for the
population mean.
(b) If we know that the population variance is 1.052, find a 95% confidence interval.

9. The molecular spintronics is a new physics area dealing with single molecular de-
vices. However, to construct this sort of devices on a single-molecular level is
difficult. A skilled scientist can successfully grow one device out of hundreds of ex-
periments. During the past two years Dr Lincoln did 300 experiments each month
and successfully constructed 4.3 devices per month on average, with standard de-
viation 0.2. Find a 95% confidence interval for the rate of successes of Dr Lincoln
(which we assume here to have approximately a normal distribution with unknown
variance).

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AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

10. It is known that the length of a certain product follows a normal distribution. A
sample of twenty five products is randomly chosen and their lengths x1 , . . . , x25 are
25
measured. It is known that the sample variance s2 = 384 and
25
X 425
x2i = .
i=1
16

(a) Find the sample mean X and construct a 99.8% confidence interval for the
population mean length.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean length if σ 2 =
0.07.

11. Consider a sample of size n sampled from a large population that is known to follow
a normal distribution.

(a) If n = 50, the average of the sample is 10 and σ 2 = 16, construct a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean.
(b) If n = 40, the average of the sample is 11 and σ 2 = 15, construct a 98%
confidence interval for the population mean.
(c) If n = 25, the average of the sample is 12 and σ 2 = 14, construct a 92%
confidence interval for the population mean.
(d) If n = 20, the average of the sample is 13 and s2 = 13, construct a 98%
confidence interval for the population mean.
(e) If n = 16, the average of the sample is 14 and s2 = 12, construct a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean.

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Table of the Standardized Normal Distribution
P
The table gives the probability
P = Pr(Z > z )
where Z ~ N(0,1). 0 z

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121

0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611

1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681

1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233

2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0126 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.00990 0.00964 0.00939 0.00914 0.00889 0.00866 0.00842
2.4 0.00820 0.00798 0.00776 0.00755 0.00734 0.00714 0.00695 0.00676 0.00657 0.00639

2.5 0.00621 0.00604 0.00587 0.00570 0.00554 0.00539 0.00523 0.00508 0.00494 0.00480
2.6 0.00466 0.00453 0.00440 0.00427 0.00415 0.00402 0.00391 0.00379 0.00368 0.00357
2.7 0.00347 0.00336 0.00326 0.00317 0.00307 0.00298 0.00289 0.00280 0.00272 0.00264
2.8 0.00256 0.00248 0.00240 0.00233 0.00226 0.00219 0.00212 0.00205 0.00199 0.00193
2.9 0.00187 0.00181 0.00175 0.00169 0.00164 0.00159 0.00154 0.00149 0.00144 0.00139

3.0 0.00135 0.00131 0.00126 0.00122 0.00118 0.00114 0.00111 0.00107 0.00104 0.00100
3.1 0.00097 0.00094 0.00090 0.00087 0.00084 0.00082 0.00079 0.00076 0.00074 0.00071
3.2 0.00069 0.00066 0.00064 0.00062 0.00060 0.00058 0.00056 0.00054 0.00052 0.00050
3.3 0.00048 0.00047 0.00045 0.00043 0.00042 0.00040 0.00039 0.00038 0.00036 0.00035
3.4 0.00034 0.00032 0.00031 0.00030 0.00029 0.00028 0.00027 0.00026 0.00025 0.00024

3.5 0.00023 0.00022 0.00022 0.00021 0.00020 0.00019 0.00019 0.00018 0.00017 0.00017
3.6 0.00016 0.00015 0.00015 0.00014 0.00014 0.00013 0.00013 0.00012 0.00012 0.00011
3.7 0.00011 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010 0.00009 0.00009 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008
3.8 0.00007 0.00007 0.00007 0.00006 0.00006 0.00006 0.00006 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
3.9 0.00005 0.00005 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00003 0.00003
Table of the Student's t-distribution

The table gives the values of tα ; ν where α

Pr(Tν > t α; ν ) = α , with ν degrees of freedom
tα ; ν

α 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005

ν
1 3.078 6.314 12.076 31.821 63.657 318.310 636.620
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.326 31.598
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.213 12.924
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869

6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959

7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015

17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850

21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819

22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.767
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725

26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707

27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646

40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551

60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
120 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
∞ 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291
AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

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AMA1110 2019/20 Semester 1 Exercise 10

Answer:

1. (a) (1.2481, 1.7519) 7. (60.7266%, 65.2734%)

(b) (1.219, 1.781)
8. (a) (8.8067, 11.3533)
2. (a) 20, (b) (18.6, 21.4) (b) (9.1810, 10.9790)

3. (a) (68.24, 72.16) 9. (1.4052%, 1.4615%)

(b) (69.22, 71.18)
(c) (68.9121, 71.4879) 10a. 1 ± 0.1769
(d) (69.5296, 70.8704)
(e) 271 10b. 1 ± 0.1037

4. (a) (996.4778, 1023.5222) 11a. 10 ± 1.1087

(b) (957.5166, 1032.4834)
(c) 27.9149, (d) 62 11b. 11 ± 1.4268

5. (10.0697, 10.9303) 11c. 12 ± 1.3096

(9.9397, 11.0603)
(9.8218, 11.1782) 11d. 13 ± 2.0470

6. (3.3640, 5.2360) 11e. 14 ± 1.8455

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- Finis -