The History of Indian Subcontinent

The History Of Indian Subcontinent
Indus valley civilization:

Indus valley civilization started in 3000 BC and it continued till 1800BC.Some
known cities of indus valley civilization are Harappa, Mohenjodaro etc.There was
good construction of water management and people were treated equal then.
Uniform structure & People’s life:

During the time of indus valley civilization building construction,city layouts were
built with burnt bricks.They had a centralized government and people had good
latrines,wells,drainage system etc.
Economic life and religion of indus valley civilization:

The economy of the Indus state or states was based on agriculture and wheat and
barley were main crops.They had a trading relationship with Mesopotamia and
some stone seals of indus valley have been found in Mesopotamia.Research
suggest that ritual bathing and water purification were part of their religion.
Last days of indus valley civilization:

Some where between 1700 to 1800 BCE indus valley disappeared and researchers
suggest it was due to flood,collapse of military power etc.It remains too shadowy
to measure its proper influence.
Aryan Coming:
Aryans are nomadic from central Asia/Russia/Germany.They had advanced
armors.They came here around 1500 BC.
Origin of veda:
It was a compilation of religious hymns and written document of these sagacious
messages.Their knowledge was passed from generation to generation and
present day’s Hinduism.
Aryan caste system:
Aryans had Brahman,Khatriyos,Vaishyas and shudras as caste system.The made
the common people in shudra class and only aryans were in the upper three
classes.This system has effect even to this date.
Aryan migration:
Researchers suggest that aryans came to this land over a long period of time and
they traded with the common people of this land.Gradually they opposed their
religion and culture.They won the people’s trust.
Aryan invasion:
Around 1500 BCE Aryans crossed hindu kush and invaded the region.Indus valley
civilization was weakend and the mixture of Aryan and Indus valley beliefs created
Hinduism.
Nationalist approach and arguments against it:

Importantly what we know about India, the Vedic tradition came into being as
part of across many different people, coming from different parts of world, of
different languages.On other hand,Some claim to fight the Hindu nationalist
misrepresentation of history.
Origin of Maurya Empire:

Maurya means peacock and the first emperor of Maurya dynasty was
Chandragupta Maurya who practiced Jainism.Chandragupta found mentor in
Chanikya who was insulted by Nanda empire.Mauryas were not followers of
Hinduism and there was rise of Buddhism and Jainism in 6th century.
Attack of Alexander:
Alexander decided to take over India in 326 BC and crossed Indus river and
defeated local rulers.But when Alexander died Chandragupta liberated North-
western territories from Greek.He moved power to Magadh and thus foundation
of Maurya was laid.
Chandragupta’s Rule:
Chanikya helped Chandragupta to ascend to power and his book was a testament
to the well-organized administration.The empire was deivided into provinces and
it had well-organized centralized system for tax,judiciary etc.
Kalinga war:
Around 261 BC,Ashoka led military campaign to rule kalinga and loss of lives
changed his life afterwards.He embraced Buddhism after this war and adopted
the policy ’Conquest by Dharma.’
End of Mauryan Empire:

After death of Ashoka Mauryan empire became weaker and because he was
pratising Buddhism the distance from his hindu subjects increased.
Rise of Gupta Dynasy:

Gupta Dynasty ruled around 320 AD-550 AD and there was significant
achievements in that time.Hinduism was revived during this time and till to anti-
British movement it had inspiration.
Achievement during Gupta Dynasty:

Guptas built educational institutions such as Nalanda university and there was
richness in literature,metal work,math,science etc.They also had scientists and
and game of chess was originated during this period.
Origin of Sena Dynasty:

Sena dynasty was formed in 1097AD and continued till 1202/1204.Sena dynasty
was supporter of Hinduism.Bijoy sena was important ruler of Sena dynasty and
Laxman sen was last ruler.
Biography of Shashangka:
Shashangka attempted to extend his political influence in different parts of India.
He ruled approximately between 600 AD and 625 AD and was the first Bengal
king.He led military campaigns against mighty kings and armies in every
direction.After his death, Harshavardhana invaded Gaur territories.
Pala dynasty:
Pala dynasty was formed by Gopala which ruled about 400 years.Nalanda
University was founded by Dharmapala and he also founded Sompura Monastery
which was for buddhist teachings.
Revival of Pala dynasty:

The pala dynasty was revived during Mahipala’s time and He brought back the
lost territories of northern and west Bengal. The weakness of Pala rule succeeded
in establishing an independent rule of Divya in northern Bengal.
Muslim rule in india:

Muslim rule began in india during the time of Bakhtiyar Khalji.One of muslim
empire was Mughal empire and the first emperor of this time was Babur who
succeeded to throne at 12 years of age.
Babor’s victory:
In 1526,Babur led 12000 troops to victory against 100000 troops of a Sultan.His
army had modern weapons and in 1527 he defeated Rana Sanga of Rajsthan in
the battle of Khanwa.
Humayun’s hardships:
Humayun was the eldest son of Babur and he ascended the throne on 1530 AD
but struggled throughout his rule. He had to divide the kingdom according to the
tradition of the Mongols and the Turks otherwise there was danger of civil war
among the brothers.He also remained in exile for 15 years after his defeat.
Shah Rule:
After the death of Sher shah in 1545,Islam shah was succeeded and after the
death of Islam Shah in 1533 AD,division of Afghan became acute.Adil shah left the
responsibility on Hemu.Shah empire was attacked by Humayun and Humayun
captured Delhi in July 1555 AD.
Battle of Panipat:
On 1556 the army of Akbar and Hemu met at historic battlefield of
Panipat.Hemu’s army was winning but when an arrow reached Hemu’s eye,it
demoralized Hemu’s army and they were defeated by Mughals.
Religious harmony :
Akbar firmly defended religious freedom and hated tax on non-muslims.He even
invented his religion which had only 18 followers but when he died,the “Divine
Faith ” also died.

The History of Indian Subcontinent

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The History Of Indian Subcontinent

Indus valley civilization:

Uniform structure & People’s life:

Economic life and religion of indus valley civilization:

Last days of indus valley civilization:

Nationalist approach and arguments against it:

Origin of Maurya Empire:

End of Mauryan Empire:

Rise of Gupta Dynasy:

Achievement during Gupta Dynasty:

Origin of Sena Dynasty:

Revival of Pala dynasty:

Muslim rule in india:

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