Chapter 1 Education: Reading 1: A Return To Homeschooling

Timed Reading for Fluency 4 Word Lists
Chapter 1 Education
Reading 1: A Return to Homeschooling
Part of
Word Meaning (English) Meaning
Speech
1 allow v. to let; give permission for
2 belief n. confidence; faith
3 come along phr. to occur, take place, happen
4 continue v. to keep on
5 educate v. to teach at a school or university
the practice of teaching one's own
6 homeschooling n. children at home, instead of sending
them to school
7 be on the rise phr. to increase
8 popularity n. the quality or fact of being popular
9 population n. total number of people
10 private adj. personal
11 religious adj. of or relating to religion
12 replace v. to take the place of
Reading 2: The Flipped Classroom

Part of
No. Word Meaning (English) Meaning
Speech
1 access v. to enter; use
2 active adj. engaging energetically
3 approach v. to move closer
4 benefit v. to profit; obtain a benefit
5 communicate v. to transmit thoughts or feelings
6 deliver v. to provide
a classroom that uses the flipped
7 flipped classroom phr.
learning system of education
8 lecture n. lesson; educational talk to students
a series of actions to make a
9 process n.
particular result
10 situation n. circumstance, environment
11 traditional adj. handed down by tradition
12 variety n. diversity
Reading 3: Technology in the Classroom
Part of
Speech
1 advantage n. benefit
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2 available adj. being possible to use

3 debate n. discussion; argument
4 disadvantage n. something that makes things difficult
5 matter n. topic; situation
6 method n. specific way of doing something
7 purchase v. to buy something
8 research n. careful study
9 resource n. supply used for needs
a program that helps the user search
10 search engine phr.
on the computer
11 separate v. to keep apart
scientific knowledge applied in useful
12 technology n.
ways
Reading 4: Defining Education

Part of
Speech
a person who learns a skill by working
1 apprentice n.
for an expert
2 come to mind phr. to remember
3 defined adj. determined, fixed
4 formal adj. official
5 informal adj. not formal
to communicate or do things with
6 interact v.
other people
7 master n. an expert in a particular field
8 observe v. to watch
9 organized adj. arranged in a systematic way
10 repair v. to fix; restore; mend
having a clearly defined structure or
11 structured adj.
organization
12 vocational adj. relating to an occupation

Reading 5: How Teachers Are Viewed

Part of
Speech
to have similarities or differences
1 be compared to phr.
drawn between
producing or affording physical
2 comfortable adj.
comfort, support, or ease
3 contribute v. give to help achieve something
4 cultural adj. of or relating to culture
the act or process of developing;
5 development n.
growth; progress
6 discover v. to find for the first time; notice
7 encourage v. to boost; inspire; stimulate
8 fear v. to be afraid of
9 instruction n. teaching; education
10 perform v. to do a job or a piece of work
to help or encourage to exist or
11 promote v.
flourish; further
to make someone suffer for doing
12 punish v.
something wrong

Chapter 2 Management
Reading 6: Business and the Internet
Part of
Speech
a product manufactured by a company
1 brand n.
under a specific name
2 customer n. a person who purchases goods
3 data n. information or facts about something
4 hire v. to employ
5 improve v. to make something better
6 increase v. to grow in size or amount
7 location n. a specific place
8 manage v. to be in charge of
9 marketing n. the act of advertising
10 sale n. process of selling
a person or organization that provides a
11 supplier n.
particular product or service
12 worker n. someone who works
Reading 7: Managing Remote Teams

Part of
Speech
1 challenge v. to invite to compete
2 chat n. an informal conversation
3 communicate v. to transmit thoughts or feelings
a person working for another person
4 employee n.
or a business firm for pay
to give all your attention, effort, etc. to
5 focus on phr.
a particular subject
6 measure v. to determine the size or amount
7 progress n. advancement
at the usual time each day, week, or
8 regularly adv.
month
9 relationship n. a connection or association
10 remote adj. distant; far; isolated
11 schedule n. plan of things
12 valuable adj. important; having worth or quality
Reading 8: Common Mistakes of Managers
Part of
No. Word Speec Meaning (English) Meaning
h
1 assign v. to allocate
2 especially adv. particularly

3 individual adj. single human being

a person who controls and runs a
4 manager n.
business or group
5 mistake n. error; blunder
having the job or duty of taking care of
6 responsible adj.
something
7 setting goal phr. to make a target or goal to reach
8 skill n. ability
9 talent n. natural ability
10 task n. duty; responsibility
graphic representation of the passage
11 timeline phr.
of time
to use too much of something without
12 waste v.
using it properly
Reading 9: Keeping Up Employee Interest

Part of
Speech
1 attitude n. position; mood
having a higher possibility of
2 be more likely phr.
happening
3 behavior n. manner of behaving or acting
to give attention to; to have
4 care about phr.
interest in
5 costly adj. expensive
6 effort n. work to do something
used to show how something is
7 in terms of phr.
explained, described or judged
8 involve v. to have; contain; include
9 replace v. to take the place of
something received in return
10 reward n.
for good work
11 succeed v. to achieve an intended purpose
12 suffer v. to feel pain or worry
Reading 10: Managing in the Public Sector
Part of
Speech
1 achieve v. to become successful
2 agency n. bureau; company; firm
to connect or bring into relation, as
3 associate v.
thought, feeling, memory, etc.
4 determine v. to decide officially
5 examine v. to look closely at
6 long-range adj. considering or extending into the future

the control and organizing of a business or

7 management n.
other organization
8 military n. the armed forces
the manner or way in which the parts of
9 organization n.
something are ordered
the execution or accomplishment of work,
10 performance n.
acts, feats, etc.
11 sector n. section
12 strategic adj. carefully planned to achieve a purpose

Chapter 3 General Science

Reading 11: The Carlsbad Caverns
Part of
Speech
1 cavern n. a large cave
2 chemical n. artificial substances
3 coast n. seashore; shoreline
4 contain v. to hold; accommodate
5 drop n. an extremely small amount of a liquid
6 influence n. impact
a chemical substance that is found in
7 mineral n.
the ground
8 react v. to act as a result of something else
9 remain v. to stay behind
10 sheet n. large, thin piece of material
11 usual adj. normal, customary
Reading 12: A Mysterious Force of Nature

Part of
Speech
1 circle v. to move around in a circle
2 distance n. place or time that is far away
to come to understand /find out by
3 figure out phr.
thinking carefully
4 float v. to hover in the air
5 force n. power; energy
6 graviton n. tiny things that cause gravity
the force that holds objects down
7 gravity n.
without floating
8 mind n. brain; sense
strange and not known about
9 mysterious adj.
someone or something
10 obey v. to do what you are told to do
11 remain v. to stay behind
12 unseen adj. not seen
Reading 13: Nature’s Electricity
Part of
Speech
1 atom n. the smallest part of an element
electrical identity; either positive
2 charge n.
or negative

3 electrical adj. electric; concerned with electricity

the science dealing with electric
4 electricity n.
charges and currents
a particle of matter that has a
5 electron n.
negative charge
6 get rid of phr. to eliminate
the bright flashes of light caused by
7 lightning n.
a storm
having more negative electrons
8 negative charge phr.
than positive electrons
having more positive electrons
9 positive charge phr.
than positive electrons
a particle of matter that has a
10 proton n.
positive charge
11 static adj. being unchangeable
not balanced or not properly
12 unbalanced adj.
balanced
Reading 14: Jumping Water

Part of
Speech
1 alive adj. living
2 effect n. the result of a particular influence
3 experiment n. scientific test
in a way that is much more than usual or
4 extremely adv.
expected
5 get damaged phr. to be harmed or impaired
6 heat up phr. to become or make something warm or hot
7 immediately adv. right away; without delay
8 material n. physical substance
9 occur v. to happen
a metal container with a handle for cooking
10 pan n.
food
the force produced by pressing against
11 pressure n.
something
12 situation n. circumstance
Reading 15: The Faith of Scientists
Part of
Speech
1 as a result phr. an outcome caused by something
2 be supposed to phr. to be responsible for an action
3 conduct v. to carry out
4 flat adj. even; level
5 include v. to add something to a group

scientists who do not believe in

6 naturalist n.
supernatural things
7 observe v. to watch
8 openly v. frankly; without hiding
to become stronger and more
9 progress v.
developed
10 reality n. real things, circumstances
11 religious adj. of or relating to religion
being unable to be explained by
12 supernatural n.
natural causes and science

Chapter 4 Fine Arts

Reading 16: Art in the Age of Computers
Part of
Speech
1 add v. to include (usually followed by in)
2 allow v. to let; give permission to
3 come to life phr. to become alive
4 exact adj. completely accurate
5 fiction n. tale; story; made-up
6 influence v. to have an effect on
to communicate or do things with
7 interact v.
other people
a narrow beam of concentrated light
8 laser n.
produced by a special machine
9 life-like adj. something that looks alive
10 range n. a variety; a set of different things
11 rapidly adv. speedily, with great speed
12 view v. to look at; observe
Reading 17: Cartoons as Art

Part of
Speech
1 additionally adv. added; more; supplementary
2 appear v. to be seen
3 be made by phr. to be created by
a humorous drawing or series of
4 cartoon n.
drawings in a newspaper or magazine
5 deal with phr. to look after or address
the entirety of something instead of a
6 full-length adj.
shortened version
7 illustrate v. to explain by using pictures
8 interest v. to encourage the attention of
9 popular adj. being liked
10 purpose n. particular reason; aim
an artistic object from wood, clay or
11 sculpture n.
other materials
12 TV shows phr. television show
Reading 18: Aztec Art

Part of
Speech
1 admired v. to receive admiration

2 appearance n. outward look or aspect

3 destroyed adj. demolished, ruined
4 earthen adj. made of earth (or baked clay)
5 existence n. the state or fact of existing; being
unattached to a supporting unit or
6 free-standing adj.
background; standing alone
7 goddess n. a female god or deity
8 pay respect phr. to show respect to
the area within which something
9 range n.
operates
10 represent v. to symbolize
a person who watches television,
11 viewer n.
videos, etc.
12 intend to phr. to have the intent of doing
Reading 19: The History of Paint

Part of
Speech
to put to use, especially for a
1 apply v.
particular purpose
something used to tie or bind
2 binder n.
multiple things together
3 burnt adj. to be damaged with intense heat
4 chapter n. a section of a book
5 contain v. to have or hold within
6 long-lasting paint adj. paint that lasts for a long time
used to say that something is
7 no matter what phr. always true even if something
happens
8 pigment n. the natural color of something
9 realistic adj. portraying reality
a substance that dissolves
10 solvent n.
another to form a solution
11 stick v. fix something on something else
a painting medium for powdered
12 tempera n. pigments, consisting usually of
egg yolk and water
Reading 20: Strange Things on the Wall
Part of
Speech
1 appear v. to be seen
2 burn up phr. to be destroyed by heat
3 evil adj. vice; wicked
4 except for phr. with the exception of

5 fancy adj. ornamental; decorative; not plain

a grotesquely carved figure of a
6 gargoyle n.
human or animal
7 grotesque n. extremely ugly
8 gurgle n. a hollow bubbling sound
9 be connected to phr. be related to
10 originally adv. at first; at the beginning
11 spirit n. an angel or demon
to look at something or someone for
12 stare v.
a long time without moving your eyes

Chapter 5 Language
Reading 21: Meaning Without Words
Part of
Speech
1 background n. a person’s different circumstances
2 communication n. the act or process of communicating
3 cross one’s arms phr. to make the arms crossed
4 depend on v. be controlled or determined by
5 in general phr. in most cases; usually
6 mirror v. to reflect
7 movement n. the act, process, or result of moving
8 nonverbal adj. not expressed in spoken words
to direct (the finger, the attention,
9 point v.
etc.) at, to, or upon something
to move (two things) with pressure
10 rub v. and friction over or back and forth
over each other
suffering severe physical strain or
11 stressed adj.
distress
12 various adj. diverse; assorted
Reading 22: Learning a Foreign Language

Part of
Speech
1 appreciate v. to be grateful or thankful for
2 aspect n. a particular part or feature of something
3 be afraid to phr. to be scared to do something
4 be willing to phr. ready, eager, or happy to do something
5 confusing adj. causing confusion
circumstances that form the setting for
6 context n.
an event, etc.
8 experience v. to be in a particular situation
9 form n. shape; structure
10 greeting n. polite word or sign of welcome
someone who speaks that language as
11 native speaker phr.
their first language
12 pronounce v. to enunciate or articulate
Reading 23: Animal Communication
Part of
Speech
1 attract v. to arouse interest

being in a state of physical or mental

2 comfortable adj.
comfort
3 competition n. contention; opposition; rivalry
4 danger n. something that could cause harm
any of the feelings of joy, sorrow, fear,
5 emotion n.
hate, love, etc.
to recognize or establish as being a
6 identify v.
particular person or thing
7 mating season phr. a certain period when animals mate
8 near adj. being close in distance
9 obvious adj. clear; evident; plain
10 pattern n. a repeated combination
11 signal n. action that communicates a meaning
to detect or recognize; locate or
12 spot v.
identify by seeing
Reading 24: How Languages Change Over Time

Part of
Speech
1 awesome adj. incredible
the act of combining or the state of
2 combination n.
being combined
3 consider v. to think carefully about
4 describe v. to explain with details
5 experience n. knowledge; familiarity
one of the elements contributing
6 factor n.
to a particular result or situation
the entire body of individuals born
7 generation n.
and living at about the same time
8 geographic adj. relating to the location of a place
9 location n. a specific place
10 regular adj. usual; normal; customary
where something begins or comes
11 source n.
from
12 terrific adj. excellent
Reading 25: Esperanto
Part of
Speech
1 degree n. the extent of something
to separate into parts, groups,
2 divide v.
sections, etc.
a person who is actively opposed or
3 enemy n.
hostile to something/someone

to guess or calculate the relative

4 estimate v.
amount of
of, relating to, or characteristic of
5 Jewish adj.
the Jews or Judaism
6 Latin n. the language of Latin people
7 major adj. be of great importance
a Polish citizen, or a person of Polish
8 Pole n.
origin
9 root n. the fundamental or essential part
10 script n. written text
a person who secretly collects and
11 spy n.
reports information about an enemy
12 tradition n. custom; practice; belief

Chapter 6 Sports Medicine

Reading 26: Can You Exercise Too Much?
Part of
Speech
1 addiction n. unhealthy obsession
2 damage v. to harm or impair
3 depressed adj. to be extremely sad all the time
4 disease n. illness, sickness
5 exercise v. to engage in physical activity for health
6 function n. purpose for which a thing is made
7 injury n. a bodily harm
8 keep in shape phr. to maintain the ideal body shape
9 manage v. to succeed in doing something
10 prevent v. to keep something from happening
11 properly adv. appropriately; correctly
12 recommend v. to suggest something suitable
Reading 27: East vs. West, Which Is Best?

Part of
Speech
1 afford v. to have enough money
2 approach n. a way of dealing with something
be expected or required to do
3 be supposed to phr.
something as a duty
4 attitude n. position; mood
5 costly adj. expensive
the set of tools, clothing, needed for
6 equipment n.
a particular purpose
7 get into shape phr. to exercise, etc. to be healthy
method of fighting without any
8 martial arts phr.
other weapons
in a way that is needed or required,
9 necessarily adv.
or is unavoidable
10 positive adj. happy or hopeful
sport that consists of lifting the
12 weight lifting phr.
heaviest load possible over the head
Reading 28: The Rise of Sports Injuries
Part of
Speech
1 appropriate adj. suitable; fitting

2 contribute v. to help achieve a goal

to be the same as a particular number
3 equal v.
or amount
4 injury n. physical or emotional harm or damage
a plan or actions taken to achieve a
5 measure n.
purpose
6 mental adj. intellectual; relating to the mind
7 participate in phr. to engage in
8 physical adj. relating to the body
9 Statistics n. mathematic study of numerical facts
medical care given to a patient for an
10 treatment n.
illness of injury
11 well-being adj. someone’s healthy and happiness
12 youth n. state of being young
Reading 29: Exercise as Medicine

Part of
Speech
1 be likely to phr. have a high possibility of
2 cancer n. disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth
4 estimate v. to guess or calculate the relative answer of
in a way that is much more than usual or
5 extremely adv.
expected
6 obese adj. being very overweight
7 obesity n. state of being very fat
a person who is under medical care or
8 patient n.
treatment
9 proper adj. appropriate
10 quality n. the degree of excellence of something
help given to someone who is having a
11 support n.
problem
12 target v. to set a goal

Reading 30: No More Needles

Part of
Speech
1 athlete n. a person who performs a sport
very small organisms that sometimes cause
2 bacteria n.
diseases
3 bump n. a raised area on any smooth surface
4 effective adj. producing the wanted result
5 germ n. a tiny organism capable of causing sickness
6 life-saving adj. something that can save one’s life
7 medicine n. drugs that help heal one’s illnesses/injuries
a thin, long metal used to inject medicine
8 needle n.
into the body
9 obvious adj. clear; evident; plain
affected with, causing, or characterized by
10 painful adj.
pain
11 patch n. a piece of material
a shot that contains a weak version of a
12 vaccine n. disease that helps the body fight that
disease in the future

Chapter 7 Social Science

Reading 31: Hugs Save Lives
Part of
Speech
1 belonging n. feeling of acceptance and attachment
2 closely adv. near; close by
3 comfort n. relief
4 emotional adj. involving or relating to emotions
5 essential adj. vital; necessary
the state of being friends with someone
6 friendship n.
else
7 hug n. a tight clasp with the arms; embrace
the organs and processes in your body
8 immune system phr. which protect you from illness and
infection
9 maintenance n. the state of being maintained
an emotional or other connection
10 relationship n.
between people
11 security n. feeling of being safe
12 unimportant adj. not important
Reading 32: Third Culture Kids

Part of
Speech
way of thinking or feeling towards
1 attitude n.
something/someone
2 comparison n. the state of being compared
3 confusion n. state of being confused
4 escape v. to slip away from pursuit or peril
5 freely adv. openly, without reserve
6 immigrant n. a person who migrates to another country
to come to a different country in order to live
7 immigrate v.
there
8 opportunity n. an appropriate or favorable time or occasion
9 population n. total number of people
the thing makes you think about the other
10 reminder n.
thing
11 significant adj. important
12 struggle n. difficulty, obstacle
Reading 33: Raising Children
Part of
Speech
1 approach n. a way of dealing with something

2 be involved in phr. to be a part of or related to an event

a place that takes care of young children
3 daycare n.
while parents are working during the day
4 entire adj. whole; all of
5 freedom n. the state of being free
6 independent adj. liberated; self-governing
means relating to one person or thing,
7 individual adj.
rather than to a large group
the skill or process of caring for and raising
8 parenting n.
a child
9 reflect v. to reproduce; show
10 term n. word used within a certain field
11 typical adj. usual, normal
12 uncommon adj. not usual or rare
Reading 34: The Treatment of Elderly People

Part of
Speech
1 advice n. suggestion; counsel
2 be associated with phr. to be related to
3 bored adj. lacking interest
to honor or acknowledge happily
4 celebrate v.
and publicly
5 celebration n. an event to celebrate
the exact meaning of a word or
6 definition n.
concept
7 fear v. to be afraid of; dread
8 lonely adj. to feel loneliness
9 nursing home phr. a place to take care of old people
the state of having a duty for
10 responsibility n.
doing something
retirement
11 phr. community of retired people
communities
12 wisdom n. the quality or state of being wise
Reading 35: Extroverts and Introverts
Part of
Speech
1 businessman n. a man who works in business
2 characteristic n. feature
producing physical or emotional
3 comfortable adj.
comfort
statement that describes something or
4 description n.
someone

a person who enjoys socializing with

5 extrovert n.
others
6 gathering n. a meeting between multiple people
7 individual n. one person
8 interact v. to communicate with one another
a person who prefers time alone
9 introvert adj.
rather than with many others
10 own adj. belonging to oneself
11 personality n. person's unique character
12 research v. to study in depth

Chapter 8 People
Reading 36: The First American
Part of
Speech
1 admire v. to regard with wonder, pleasure, or approval
2 announce v. to make known publicly or officially
3 colonial adj. relating to a colony
4 discover v. to find for the first time; notice
5 earn v. to acquire through merit
6 experiment n. to test theories
7 figure n. person who is very important
8 generally adv. in general; usually
9 observe v. to watch or monitor
10 rod n. a straight, long, and thin pole
11 schooling n. education that children receive at school
12 thinker n. a person who thinks in a specific way
Reading 37: A Girl with a Message to Share

Part of
Speech
1 advance v. to move forward
2 allow v. to let; give permission for
3 attempt n. trial
4 award v. to give an award to someone
5 demand v. to ask for with proper authority; claim as a right
6 experience n. knowledge or skill gained over a period of time
7 fund n. a sum of money for a special purpose
to receive a degree after completing years of
8 graduate v.
study
Nobel Peace a very valuable award only given to figures who
9 phr.
Prize have worked to maintain world peace
a group of people working for a purpose
10 organization n.
together
11 right n. legal entitlement of a person
12 stand up for phr. to publicly show support for an issue
Reading 38: A Most Unusual Man
Part of
Speech
1 accept v. to receive willingly
2 advice n. suggestion; counsel

to overwhelm with surprise or

3 amaze v.
sudden wonder; astonish greatly
become touched/emotional by
4 be moved by phr.
something
5 beyond prep. surpassing, above
6 calculator n. a machine that calculates things fast
7 crowded adj. full of people
8 direction n. instruction for reaching a place
9 mental adj. relating to the mind
being of the age intermediate
10 middle-aged adj.
between youth and old age
11 speed-reading phr. reading in a fast pace
12 unusual adj. not usual, common, or ordinary
Reading 39: To Help China

Part of
Speech
1 actress n. a woman who acts professionally
2 amazing adj. surprising
3 consider v. to think carefully about
4 hire v. to employ
5 journey n. a trip over a long period of time
6 local adj. regional; provincial
7 offer v. to present for sale
a person of authority in the armed
8 officer n.
services, etc.
9 stage n. place where people perform
to bind, fasten, or attach with a cord,
10 tie v.
string, etc.
11 tightly adv. in a tight manner; closely; firmly
12 working-class adj. relating to the working class
Reading 40: The Shrimp Who Became a Whale
Part of
Speech
1 actively adv. in an active manner; passionately
2 bored adj. tired or lacking interest
3 champion n. winner; title holder
4 contain v. to hold a substance
to make someone feel respect and
5 impress v.
admiration

6 involved phr. related to or engaged in

7 practice n. custom, habit
8 sickly adj. ill, sick
9 slave trade phr. business of selling and buying slaves
10 slavery n. enslaving and controlling slaves
a formal address or discourse delivered
11 speech n.
to an audience
12 terrible adj. distressing; severe

Chapter 1 Education: Reading 1: A Return To Homeschooling

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Timed Reading for Fluency 4 Word Lists

Reading 2: The Flipped Classroom

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2 available adj. being possible to use

Reading 4: Defining Education

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Reading 5: How Teachers Are Viewed

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Reading 7: Managing Remote Teams

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3 individual adj. single human being

Reading 9: Keeping Up Employee Interest

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the control and organizing of a business or

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Chapter 3 General Science

Reading 12: A Mysterious Force of Nature

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3 electrical adj. electric; concerned with electricity

Reading 14: Jumping Water

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scientists who do not believe in

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Chapter 4 Fine Arts

Reading 17: Cartoons as Art

Reading 18: Aztec Art

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2 appearance n. outward look or aspect

Reading 19: The History of Paint

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5 fancy adj. ornamental; decorative; not plain

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Reading 22: Learning a Foreign Language

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being in a state of physical or mental

Reading 24: How Languages Change Over Time

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to guess or calculate the relative

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Chapter 6 Sports Medicine

Reading 27: East vs. West, Which Is Best?

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2 contribute v. to help achieve a goal

Reading 29: Exercise as Medicine

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Reading 30: No More Needles

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Chapter 7 Social Science

Reading 32: Third Culture Kids

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2 be involved in phr. to be a part of or related to an event

Reading 34: The Treatment of Elderly People

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a person who enjoys socializing with

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Reading 37: A Girl with a Message to Share

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to overwhelm with surprise or