Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Carlos Hilado Memorial State College
Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus
College of Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
GEOTEC 503- Special Topics in Geosynthetics and Geo-Environmental Engineering
PROPOSAL NO. GEOMEMBRANE- CON- 004- 2020

Date: June 1, 2020
Name: Buenaflor, Karla Jane M. Year/Section: 5th year – B .
Title: Proposed Landfill Liner in a Dumpsite using GSE High Temperature Geomembrane
Address: Gulod Bayabas, Morong, Rizal
PART I- Introduction of Proposed Projects and Issues of concern Reference

(Introduction): Environmental Management Bureau Calabarzon Region
The applications of geosynthetic liner systems are being used with increasing
frequency, particularly for the environmental engineering applications in developing countries
at recent years. Polyethylene geomembrane sheets have been widely accepted as a
standard component of geosynthetic lining system in the waste containments for decades,
which includes solid waste sanitary landfill and wastewater treatment lagoons.
The use of geomembrane and composite liners at the landfill bottom liner and final
capping systems in developing countries increased rapidly in these recent years. The
outstanding performance of the composite liners such as geomembrane/CCL and
geomembrane/GCL has proven it a high performing and recommended barrier system for
the modern waste landfill facilities. Flexible polyethylene geomembrane with its durability,
low permeability characteristics and outstanding performance in various aspects has
therefore become a widely accepted component of the barrier system to achieve the final
protection of the environment.
Polyethylene geomembrane, particularly HDPE is commonly selected as a standard

component of waste barrier system and has been successfully deployed with acceptable
leak-proofing performance in waste containments at different regions. It is also a cost
effective lining component for environmental engineering applications which include solid
waste and wastewater facilities. Polyethylene geomembranes have a proven track record in
these types of applications for more than three decades. In this project proposal this type of
geomembrane will be used. The site condition is hilly and surrounded by trees and tall
grasses and it is owned by Mr. Roberto Francisco. The land area is 10000m2 with a 15m
estimated height of waste
PART II- Site Location, Lay-out and Existing

Condition
Actual Site:
PART III- Design Parameters
As per Laboratory Results:
Height of landfill: 20m

Unit weight of landfill: 15kN/m3
Settlement angle mobilizing the geomembrane tension: 25°
Distance of mobilized geomembrane deformation: 50mm
Angle shearing resistance between geomembrane and the upper materials: 20°
Angle shearing resistance between geomembrane and the lower materials: 30°
Allowable geomembrane stress of the product: 5MPa/5000kPa
Factor of Safety for Puncture: 5
Site conditions: Table 5.18
Aggregate used is rounded: 𝑀𝐹𝑆 = 0.25

Dense, 12mm packing density: 𝑀𝐹𝑃𝐷 = 0.5 Geostatic, deep: 𝑀𝐹𝐴 = 0.25
Harsh or sever leachate condition: 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝐵𝐷 = 1.5
Protrusion height is 38mm: 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝑅 = 1.3
Proposed Geotextile:
PART IV- Analysis and Design for Function
Required geomembrane thickness

𝜎𝑛𝑥(tan 𝛿𝑈 + tan 𝛿𝐿)
𝑡=
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤(cos𝛽 − sin𝛽 tan 𝛿𝐿)
𝜎𝑛 = 𝛾𝐻 = 15 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3(20𝑚) = 300𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑡= = 0.00426𝑚 = 4.26𝑚𝑚
Thickness is 4.26 mm which is greater than 1.5mm in US standard & 2mm in German
Standard.
∴ USE 4.26mm
Required Geotextile mass per unit area

𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑
𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝐹. 𝑆. (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) = 5(15 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3)(20𝑚) = 1500𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐻2 𝑀𝐹𝑠 ∗ 𝑀𝐹𝑃𝐷 ∗ 𝑀𝐹𝐴 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝐵𝐷 ∗ 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝑅

𝑀 1 1
1500𝑘𝑃𝑎 = [50 + 0.00045( 0.038𝑚)2] [0.25(0.5)(0.25)]
[1.5(1.3)]
𝑀 = 132.868𝑔⁄𝑚2
Check if product is adequate:

203𝑔⁄𝑚2 > 132.868 𝑔⁄𝑚2
∴ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒
PART V- Recommendation
1. Required thickness of geomembrane – 4.26mm

2. Required mass per unit area of geotextile – 132.868𝑔⁄𝑚2
Product Specification:
Geomembrane
Geotextile:
PART VI- Work Methodology

Panel Placement
A. Each panel will be assigned a number as described below.
1. When there is one layer, panels may be designated with only a number, i.e...1, 2, 3, 4 etc.
2. When two or more layers are required, use a letter and number, i.e....
Primary Liner P1, P2, P3, P4 etc...
Secondary Liner S1, S2, S3, S4 etc...
Tertiary Liner T1, T2, T3, T4 etc...
B. This numbering system should be used whenever possible. Agreement to a panel

numbering system should be made at the pre-construction meeting. However, it is essential
that the installer, the owner representative and third party QA inspector agree.
C. Panel numbers shall be written in large block letters in the center of each deployed
panel. The roll number, date of deployment and length (gross) should be noted below the
panel number. All notes should be made, so that they are easily visible from a distance. On
long panels it is beneficial to write information on both ends. Spray painting is appropriate for
roll labeling.
D. Panel numbers shall be logged on the Panel Placement Log (Appendix C) along with
the roll number and other information necessary to complete the form.
E. If there is a partial roll left after deployment, it is important to write the last four digits
of the roll number in several locations on the roll along with the estimated length for future
identification.
F. Deployment of geomembrane panels shall be performed in a manner that will comply

with the following guidelines:
1. Unroll geomembrane using methods that will not damage geomembrane and will
protect underlying surface from damage. GSE Leak Location should be installed with
Conductive layer facing down.
2. Place temporary ballast, such as sandbags, on geomembrane that will not damage
the geomembrane and to prevent wind uplift.
3. Personnel walking on geomembrane shall not engage in activities or wear shoes that
could damage it. Smoking is not permitted on the geomembrane.
4. Do not allow heavy vehicular traffic directly on geomembrane. Rubber tired and
tracked ATV’s and equipment are acceptable if contact pressure is less than 8 psi.
a. Protect geomembrane in areas of heavy traffic by placing protective cover over the
geomembrane.
b. Prior to driving on any geomembrane layer, please check for sharp edges, embedded
rocks, or other foreign objects that may protrude in the tires and tracks.
c. Path driven on geomembranes shall be as straight as possible with no sharp turns,
sudden stops or quick starts.
d. Areas where driving occurs shall be continuously and thoroughly inspected

throughout the deployment process by the contractor and the third party CQA.
G. In the past, it has been a common practice to turn to leak surveys once the project has
been constructed and the barrier system performance has been found unsatisfactory. A
current state-of-the-practice geosynthetic installation would plan ahead for both
postinstallation/exposed, pre-cover soil placement survey (commonly done utilizing ASTM D
7240 or ASTM D 7002) AND a post soil cover survey (commonly done utilizing ASTM D
7007). Proper execution of these surveys and protocols are best applied before installation.
State-of-the-art welding techniques, proper isolation of sections for testing, and other details
can be simply and inexpensively addressed during installation, but may be expensive and
complicated to recreate if a leak is discovered after the facility has been placed into service.
See the reference LINER INTEGRITY SURVEY: GENERAL GUIDE published by TRI
Environmental.
Trial Welds
A. Seaming apparatus shall be allowed to warm up a minimum of 10 minutes before

performing trial welds.
B. Each seaming apparatus along with a welding technician will pass a trial weld prior to use.
Trial welds to be performed in the morning and afternoon, as a minimum, as well as
whenever there is a power shutdown.
C. Fusion or wedge welds will always be performed or conducted on samples at least 6.0 ft
long. Extrusion welds will be done on samples at least 3.0 ft long.
Note: Always perform trial welds in the same conditions that exist on the job. Run the trial
welds on the ground, not the installed liner. Do not use a wind break unless you are using
one on the job.
D. Operating temperatures should be monitored while welding. The welding technician

should verify that the equipment is capable of maintaining temperature while welding.
E. Sampling Procedure
1. Cut five 1.0 in wide specimens from the trial weld sample. Specimens will always be
cut using a 1.0 in die cutter, so the peel values may be used for qualitative analysis.
2. When cutting coupons from the trial weld samples, the inside and outside tracks on
the coupon should be identified to assist in troubleshooting problems in case the weld fails.
The outside track will be defined as the track, which would be peeled if pulling the overlap
exposed in a typical installation, or the seam that is closest to the edge of the top sheet. The
inside track is the seam closest to the edge of the bottom sheet.
F. Cutter
1. Only cut one sample at a time to avoid damaging the die cutter.
2. Samples should be free of sand and grit prior to cutting sample.
3. Inspect the die edge weekly for nicks, dents or signs of dullness. Dullness of the cutting
edge may damage the units.
4. Remove die when edge has been dulled and lightly reshape it with a medium hand file.
When wear is excessive return it for a replacement die.
5. When the cutting board becomes deeply scored and/or interferes with coupon cutting it
should be replaced.
6. To adjust the depth of the die cut into the cutting board, after replacing the cutting board
or sharpening the die, 0.015 in washer shims can be added or removed between the
cutting ram and the ram extension. Only add shims when cutting is difficult due to lack of
depth of cut.
G. Trial Weld Testing
1. Allow coupons to cool prior to testing. Avoid separating the coupons while hot as
failure of the sheet may be initiated and false readings indicated.
2. In extreme heat the coupons may need to be cooled, using water or an insulated
cooler prior to peel testing. Lab conditions specify 70 degrees (plus or minus 4 degrees)
Fahrenheit. Coupon temperatures greater than 70 degrees may result in lowered strengths.
3. Visually inspect the coupons for squeeze-out, footprint, pressure and general
appearance. 4. Each of the five coupons will be tested in peel on the field tensiometer at a
separation rate of 2 in per minute (for HDPE). Shear tests, in addition to the peel tests, will
be performed.
H. Pass/Fail Criteria
1. Criteria for passing trial welds will be as follows:
a. Seam must exhibit film tear bond (FTB). Trial welds should have no incursion into the
weld.
b. Peel and shear values shall meet or exceed the values as listed in Appendix D, Table
1 for HDPE smooth or textured sheet (@ 2 in/min).
c. Peel and shear values shall meet or exceed the values as listed in Appendix D, Table
2 for LLDPE smooth or textured sheet (@ 20 in/min).
d. Both tracks of fusion welded samples must pass for the trial weld to be considered
acceptable. If any of the five coupons fail due to seam incursion (no FTB) or low strength
values, the trial weld must be performed again.
e. The QA personnel will give approval to proceed with welding after observing and
recording all trial welds.
2. All trial weld data will be logged on the Trial Weld Log (Appendix E).
3. When logging fusion welded peel values on the Trial Weld Log indicate the values. for the
outside track first, followed by the inside track.
4. Speed and temperature settings will be recorded for each machine trial weld as
appropriate.
Geomembrane Field Seaming

A. The seam number takes the identity of the panels on each side. The seam between
panels 1 & 2 becomes seam 1/2.
B. Welding technicians will record their initials, machine number, date and time at the
start of every seam and on the Seam Log (Appendix F). The technician should also
periodically mark temperatures along the seam and at the end of the seam.
C. Approved processes for field seaming and repairing are fusion welding and extrusion
welding. All welding equipment shall have accurate temperature monitoring devices installed
and working to ensure proper measurement.
D. Fusion welding shall be used for seaming panels together and is not used for
patching or detail work. The site manager shall verify that:
1. The equipment used is functioning properly.

2. All work is performed on clean surfaces and done in a professional manner. No
seaming will be performed in adverse weather conditions. (GRI Test Method GM9:
Standard Practice for Cold Weather Seaming of Geomembranes
E. Extrusion welding shall be used primarily for repairs, patching and special detail
fabricating and may be used for seaming. The site manager shall verify that:
1. Equipment used is functioning properly.

2. Welding personnel are purging the extrusion welders of heat degraded extrudate prior to
actual use.
3. All work is performed on clean surfaces and done in a professional manner. No seaming
will be performed in adverse weather conditions.
F. For seam preparation, the welding technician shall verify that:
1. Prior to seaming, the seaming area is free of moisture, dust, dirt, sand or debris of
any nature.
2. The seam is overlapped properly for fusion welding.
3. The seam is overlapped or extended beyond damaged areas at least 4.0 in when
extrusion welding.
4. The seam is properly heat tacked and abraded prior to extrusion welding.
5. Seams are welded with fewest number of unmatched wrinkles or fish mouths.
G. No seaming will be performed in ambient air temperatures or adverse weather conditions

that would jeopardize the integrity of the liner installation.

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Carlos Hilado Memorial State College

Alijis Campus | Binalbagan Campus | Fortune Towne Campus | Talisay Campus

PROPOSAL NO. GEOMEMBRANE- CON- 004- 2020

Name: Buenaflor, Karla Jane M. Year/Section: 5th year – B .

PART I- Introduction of Proposed Projects and Issues of concern Reference

Polyethylene geomembrane, particularly HDPE is commonly selected as a standard

PART II- Site Location, Lay-out and Existing

PART III- Design Parameters

As per Laboratory Results:

Height of landfill: 20m

Site conditions: Table 5.18

Aggregate used is rounded: 𝑀𝐹𝑆 = 0.25

PART IV- Analysis and Design for Function

Required geomembrane thickness

Required Geotextile mass per unit area

𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝐹. 𝑆. (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) = 5(15 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3)(20𝑚) = 1500𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐻2 𝑀𝐹𝑠 ∗ 𝑀𝐹𝑃𝐷 ∗ 𝑀𝐹𝐴 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝐵𝐷 ∗ 𝑅𝐹𝐶𝑅

Check if product is adequate:

203𝑔⁄𝑚2 > 132.868 𝑔⁄𝑚2

1. Required thickness of geomembrane – 4.26mm

2. Required mass per unit area of geotextile – 132.868𝑔⁄𝑚2

PART VI- Work Methodology

A. Each panel will be assigned a number as described below.

B. This numbering system should be used whenever possible. Agreement to a panel

F. Deployment of geomembrane panels shall be performed in a manner that will comply

d. Areas where driving occurs shall be continuously and thoroughly inspected

A. Seaming apparatus shall be allowed to warm up a minimum of 10 minutes before

D. Operating temperatures should be monitored while welding. The welding technician

G. Trial Weld Testing

1. Criteria for passing trial welds will be as follows:

Geomembrane Field Seaming

1. The equipment used is functioning properly.

1. Equipment used is functioning properly.

F. For seam preparation, the welding technician shall verify that:

G. No seaming will be performed in ambient air temperatures or adverse weather conditions

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