Chapter-6 Fans and Blowers

႔ Chapter-6 Fans and Blowers
Chapter - 6 Fans and Blowers
(ventilation ၊ (quality)၊ (temperature)

(air movement) ႔
(mold)
႔ (air freshness) ႔ ၊
႔ (excessive moisture)
ဏ fan ၊
duct ၊ control system ၊ system
၆.၁ Total Pressure ၊ Static Pressure and Velocity Pressure

Fan (rotating device)
(pressure difference)
ေလကို တစ္ေနရာမွ အျခားတစ္ေနရာသုိ႔ ေရာက္သြားေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ေပးႏုိင္သည့္ air moving
device မ်ားကို “Fan” သုိ႔မဟုတ္ “Blower” ဟုေခၚသည္။
Fan (pressure)
(၁) Static Pressure
(၂) Velocity Pressure
(၃) Total Pressure ႔
Velocity pressure static p total pressure Static pressure

fan Total pressure velocity pressure ( )
Velocity pressure (air flow rate) duct (velocity)
႔ ႔ (pressure)
(pressure) IP inches of Water Gauge(in WG) ႔
inch of water column (pressure) SI Pascal (Pa
Static Pressure
”
၌
(r
s ဏ
(e Posit
s ၆-၃(
air steam
(atmospheric pressure) (vertical
6-1
Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation (Vol. 1) ႔
difference) vertical difference) i
၃-၆( )
႔ (facing into the air flow) D (pressure)
moving air ႔ total pressure) s
၆-၁ ၆-၂ No Air flow
Pitot tube velocity pressure
၆-၃ Static pressure ၆-၃ Total pressure ၆-၃ ဂ Velocity pressure
၆-၃(ဂ) Pitot tube total pressure

(air flow direction) static
pressure (air steam)
(vertical difference) total pressure static pressure
velocity pressure
Velocity pressure duct (velocity) ဏ

velocity(FPM) velocity pressure(in WG)
(constant value) 4005 standard air density
( )
6-2
Velocity (fpm) Velocity Pressure” in of

wg) Standard air
velocity)
၌ velocity)
၆.၂ Positive Pressure Duct and Negative Pressure Duct
၆-၄ Static Pressure Total Pressure Velocity Pressure
d ၌ P Pressure”
P ” P Pressure” P ၊ P P
႔
၆- negative static pressure negative total pressure
(၆- d ၌ Pressure”
n P ၊ P Velocity P ႔
Negative pressure duct
Negative pressure d ၊ positive pressure d ၊ velo

negative value)
6-3
၆-၆ ၊ Static pressure Velocity pressure
၆၃ Velocity Profile
႔
av
(၆-၇) axial fan centrifugal fan ႔၌ velocity profile

100 % effective duct length duct (diameter)
၆-၇ Duct velocity profile
6-4
(၁) Fan outlet velocity 2,500 fpm
(၂) Fan outlet velocity 2,500 fpm 100 % effective duct length
႑ H ”
h
ax ႔
႔ ဏ ႔
႔
၆-၈
၆.၄ Fan ႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္ ေဝါဟာရမ်ား

National Association of Fan Manufacturers (NAFM) မွ သတ္မွတ္ထားေသာ fan ႏွင့္
သက္ဆုိင္သည့္ အသံုးအႏႈန္းမ်ား-
Volume Fan ၏ outlet မွ ထြက္လာမည့္ ေလထုထည္ Cubic Feet per Minute(CFM) သုိ႔မဟုတ္
Cubic Meter per Hour(CMH)ျဖစ္သည္။
Total Pressure Fan ၏ inlet pressure) ႏွင့္ အထြက္ဖိအား(fan outlet pressure) တုိ႔
ျခားနားခ်က္။
6-5
Velocity Pressure ထြက္ေနသည့္ေလ၏ (pressure)

Fan outlet ၌ ထြက္ေနခ်ိန္တြင္ average velocity ျဖစ္ေပၚေစေသာ
pressure ျဖစ္သည္။
Static Pressure Fan ၏ total pressure မွ velocity pressure ကို ႏႈတ္၍ရေသာ ဖိအား(pressure)
ျဖစ္သည္။
Power output Fan မွ ေလသုိ႔ ေပးႏုိင္သည့္ စြမ္းအင္ျဖစ္သည္။ air volume)ႏွင့္ fan total
pressure တုိ႔ကို Horse Power(HP) သုိ႔မဟုတ္ kilowatt(kW) ျဖင့္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည့္
စြမ္းအင္ ျဖစ္သည္။
Power input Fan ၏ ဝင္႐ုိး(shaft)ကို ေမာင္းရန္အတြက္ လုိအပ္ေသာ စြမ္းအင္ျဖစ္ၿပီး Horse Power
(HP) သုိ႔မဟုတ္ kilowatt(kW) ျဖင့္ ေဖာ္ျပသည္။
Mechanical Fan ၏ power output ကို power input ျဖင့္ စားထားေသာ အခ်ိဳးျဖစ္သည္။
efficiency
Static efficiency Fan ၏ mechanical efficiency ျဖစ္ၿပီး static pressure ႏွင့္ total pressure အခ်ိဳးျဖင့္
ေျမႇာက္ထားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
Fan-outlet area Fan outlet ၏ ဧရိယာ ျဖစ္သည္။
Fan-inlet area Inlet collar ၏ ဧရိယာ ျဖစ္သည္။
၆. Fan Equations
Standard air density) 0.075 lb/ft3( -P ၊ 2
3 3
kg/m )၊ 1.201 kg/m
TP = Total Pressure(standard conditions) ATP = Actual Total Pressure

SP = Static Pressure(standard conditions) ASP = Actual Static Pressure
VP = Velocity Pressure(standard conditions) AVP = Actual Velocity Pressure
(pressure) inch of Water Gauge(WG)
Fan standard air condition (operate)
SI
( )
6-6
IP
ACFM = Actual ft3/min and BHP = Break Horse Power
6346 (constant)
Pressure Horse Power ႔ ( ႔ a
) density condition
NFA F A ”
( )
velocity pressure standard air Velocity(FPM)
velocity pressure(in WG) inch of
water column ႔ Fan standard air
( ) ( )
၆. .၁ Fan Pressure and Velocity Relationship
air stream) pressure)

velocity) (relationship)
I ႔
( )
6-7
( )
၌ 40°F (density 62.4 lb/ft3 W

2 3 2
2 lb/ft 62.4 lb/ft = 62.4 lb/ft per foot height of water.
႔ (၁၂
( )
( )
( )
moving air)
sea level, standard air condition 0.075 lb/ft3) Fan
( )
၆. .၂ Fan Efficiency
F ႔
႔
(performance) air
flow) pressure) energy)
Fan mechanical e
( ) ( )
( )
1 inch WG 2 lb/ft2 motor power) Horse
Power(HP) (1 hp = 33,000 ft .lb/min )
HP ႔ HP ႔
ဏ
( ) ( )
( )
6-8
Fan static e
Static effici
၆- loss)
loss)
၁ Impeller loss (heat)
၂ Belt loss (heat)
၃ ႔
၆- (belt driven)
Direct driven
Direct driven fan
၁) Impeller loss (heat)
၂) Motor loss (heat) ႔
၆-၁၀ Direct driven fan

direct drive (slippage)
႔ (belt loss) ႔
၆.၆ Fan အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ား
“Centrifugal Fan” ႏွင့္ “Axial Fan” မ်ားကို ACMV တြင္ အမ်ားဆံုး အသံုး သည္။
၆-၁၁ Centrifugal Fan ၆-၁၂ Axial Fan
6-9
၆.၆.၁ Fan ႏွင့္ Blower တုိ႔၏ ျခားနားခ်က္

Fan ႏွင့္ blower တုိ႔၏ ျခားနားခ်က္သည္ “Pressure Ratio” ျဖစ္သည္။ ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ blower
သည္ fan ထက္ပို၍ “Pressure Ratio” ပိုမ်ားသည္။ American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)မွ
သတ္မွတ္ ေပးထားသည့္ သည္ အထြက္ဖိအား(discharge pressure)ကို အဝင္
ဖိအား(suction pressure) ႏွင့္ စားထားသည့္အခ်ိဳး ျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိ specific ratio ကို fan ႏွင့္ blower ခြျဲ ခားရန္
အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳသည္။
Equipment Pressure Ratio Pressure rise (mm Hg)
Fans Upto 1.1 1136 mm
Blowers 1.1 to 1.2 1136-2066 mm
Compressors more than 1.20
အထြက္ဖိအား(discharge pressure)သည္ အဝင္ဖိအား(suction pressure) ညီလ်ွင္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္
ထက္နည္းလ်ွင္ Fan” ဟု သတ္မွတ္ႏုိင္ၿပီး အထြက္ဖိအား(discharge pressure)သည္ အဝင္ဖိအား(suction
pressure) မ်ားလ်ွင္ “Blower” ဟု ေခၚဆုိႏုိင္သည္။ S P Pressure”
Pressure”
၆.၆.၂ Fan Rating (Class)

Centrifugal fan performance) ဇယား ႏွင့္ performance curve မ်ားသည္
standard air flow rate (SCFM)ကို အေျခခံ၍ ျပဳစုထားၾကသည္။
Fan ထုတ္လုပ္သူမ်ား(manufacturer)၏ သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္အရ ပင္လယ္ေရမ်က္ႏွာျပင္(sea level)

ရွိေသာ ေလထုဖိအား(barometric pressure) 29.92 inches of mercury(101.325 kPa အပူခ်ိန္
(temperature) 70°F(21°C)တြင္ ရွိေသာ ေလကို “Standard Air” အျဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္သည္။ ထုိ standard
သန္႔ရွင္း၍ ေျခာက္ေသြ႔သည့္ ေလ၏သိပ္သည္းဆ(density) 0.075 lb/ft3
(1.2 kg/m³)ျဖစ္သည္။
Fan ထုတ္လုပ္သူမ်ား(fan manufacturer)ေပးသည့္ centrifugal fan ၏ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္

(performance) သည္ standard air အေျခအေန(condition) အတြက္သာ ျဖစ္သည္။ Fan ေမာင္းသည့္
ေနရာသည္ standard အေျခအေနမွ အလြန္ ကြာျခားေနလ်ွင္ air density correction factor သံုးျပဳ၍
အမွန္တကယ္ရွိမည့္ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ (performance)ကို တြက္ယူရသည္။
ဥပမာ အပူခ်ိန္ 200°F(93°C)ေလသည္ 70°F(21°C)တြင္ ရွိေသာ ေလအေလးခ်ိန္(weight ၈၀%

သာရွိသည္။ ထုိအေျခအေနတြင္ centrifugal fan သည္ ဖိအား(pressure)နိမ့္နိမ့္ကိုသာ ေပးႏုိင္ၿပီး စြမ္းအင္
သံုးစြမ
ဲ ႈ(power consumption)လည္း နည္းလိမ့္မည္။ ေလအပူခ်ိန္ 200°F (93°C)တြင္ အမွန္တကယ္
လိုအပ္ေသာ ဖိအား (pressure)ကို ရရန္ air density correction factor 1.25(1.0/0.8)ကို အသံုးျပဳရမည္။
ေလအပူခ်ိန္ 200°F(93°C)တြင္ သံုးစြမ
ဲ ည့္ စြမ္းအင္(power)ကို ရရန္ 70°F(21 °C) အေျခအေနရွိ စြမ္းအင္
သံုးစြမ
ဲ ႈ(power consumption)ကို air density correction factor 1.25 (1.0/0.8 စားရမည္။
Fan Fan Classes)
Fan ၏ total pressure 3 3/4 လက္မ(water column)ထက္နည္းလ်ွင္ “ ” ဟု

သတ္မွတ္ သည္။ Fan ၏ total pressure 3 3/4 လက္မ(water column)မွ 6 3/4 လက္မ(water
column)အတြင္း ျဖစ္လ်ွင္ “ ” ဟု သတ္မွတ္သည္။
6-10
ေအာက္ပါ ဇယားသည္ Air Movement and Control Association International (AMCA)

standard မွ အတြက္ ဖိအား( သတ္မွတ္ေသာ fan အဆင့္အတန္း
(fan class)မ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ Centrifuga class of construction)
၆-၁၃ Class of fan construction

Class of Construction for Centrifugal Fan
Class Maximum Total Pressure
I 3 ¾ in. wg - standard
II 6 ¾ in. wg - standard
III 12 ¾ in. wg - standard
IV More than - 12 ¾ in. wg - recommended
Total pressure မ်ားလာေလ fan တည္ေဆာက္ထားပံု အဆင့္အတန္း(fan class of construction)

ျမင့္လာေလ ျဖစ္ၿပီး ပို
၆.၆.၃ Overloading Fan and Non Overloading Fan

Fan မ်ားကုိ “Overloading Type” ႏွင့္ “Non Overloading Type” ဟူ၍ အမ်ိဳးအစား ႏွစ္မ်ိဳး
ခြျဲ ခားႏုိင္သည္။ Backward curved blade centrifugal fan အမ်ိဳးအစားသည္ “ O ”
အမ်ိဳးအစား ျဖစ္သည္။ Forward curved ႏွင့္ radial blade centrifugal fan မ်ားသည္ “O ”
အမ်ိဳးအစား ျဖစ္သည္။ Axial flow fan မ်ားသည္ “ O ” သုိ႔မဟုတ္ “O ” အမ်ိဳးအစား
အျဖစ္ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုး ရွိႏုိင္သည္။
Non-overloading Overloading
Forward curved
Backward curved blade centrifugal fan
Radial blade centrifugal fans
Axial flow fans Axial flow fans
Air Moving Device မ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္လ်ွင္ “The AMCA standard Test Code for Air Moving
” ကိုးကားႏုိင္သည္။
6-11
Power characteristic “ O ” “O ”
“ O ” absorbed power (maximum value) ႔
(air flow) (power)
Overloading characteristic (volume flow rate)
(power) Power characteristic impeller (type
၆.၇ Axial Fan

၆.၇.၁ Axial Fan (Principle of Operation)
(force on air) ႔
ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(blades)
downward A ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား
(rotating blades) aerodynamic lift B (air
steam) deflect
Axial Fan - မ်ား၌ ေလထြက္ရာ(discharge)လမ္းေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္ ေလဝင္ရာလမ္းေၾကာင္း တုိ႔သည္

လည္ေနသည့္ ဝင္ းႏွင့္ အၿပိဳင္(parallel) ျဖစ္သည္။ တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ (air flow)သည္ impeller
ကို (axial direction) ျဖတ္သြားေသာေၾကာင့္ “A F ” ဟု သတ္မွတ္သည္။
၆-၁၄ Forces on a flat plate in a moving ၆-၁ Forces on an aerofoil in a moving

airstream airstream
၆-၁၆ Downwash from aircraft wing ၆-၁၇ Air movement for basic axial fan
Axial fan မ်ားကို ေလထုထည္မ်ားမ်ား(high volume) ႏွင့္ ဖိအားနိမ့္နိမ့္(low pressure)ရရန္ လုိအပ္သည့္

အခါမ်ားတြင္ အမ်ားဆံုး အသံုးျပဳသည္။
H ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) H blade
Impeller” Axial fan အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားကို wheel ၏ ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) ပံုသဏၭာန္အေပၚ
6-12
အေျခခံ propeller (disc)၊ axial ႏွင့္ vane axial ဟူ၍ ခဲျြ ခားသတ္မွတ္ၾကသည္။ ေလမ်ားမ်ားရရန္
လုိအပ္သည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား(large air volume applications) အတြက္ axial flow fan မ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ ေမာင္းသည့္အခါ ဆူညံသံျမင့္မား(higher noise level) ေလ့ရွိသည္။
၆-၁၈ Propeller fans ၆-၁ Tube axial fan ၆-၂၀ Vane axial fan
႔ comfort industrial air conditioning and
Axial fan higher
comfort air
၆-၂၁ Propeller fan ၆-၂၂ Propeller fan ၆-၂၃ Vane axial fan
၆-၂၄ Hub and Blade ၆-၂ Pitch Angle

A Axial of Rotation”
P Rotation” ပန္ကာဒလက္၏ေထာင္ blade angle) Pitch Angle”
၆.၇.၂ Axial Fan Impeller Design

) Propeller Fan
Propeller fan ကို ဖိအားနိမ့္သည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား(low pressure
applications) တြင္ အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။ Efficiency နိမ့္သည္။ Propeller
impeller မ်ားကုိ အကုန္အက်နည္းစြာျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္ တည္ေဆာက္ႏုိင္သည္။
Small hub တြင္ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(blades) တပ္ဆင္ေလ့ရွိသည္။
ေမာ္တာမွ စက္မႈစြမ္းအား (mechanical power)သည္ ေလ(fluid) သုိ႔ velocity pressure အျဖစ္

စြမ္းအင္ ကူးေျပာင္းသြားျခင္း(energy transfer) ျဖစ္သည္။ ဖိအားနိမ့္နိမ့္(low pressure)ႏွင့္ ေလထုထည္
မ်ားမ်ား(high air volume air) အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳသည္။ Duct မ်ားႏွင့္ တြဲ တပ္ဆင္ထားေလ့မရွိ။
နံရံမ်ားကို ေဖာက္
6-13
) Tube Axial
Tube axial fan သည္ propeller impeller ဒီဇုိင္းမ်ား ထက္စာလ်ွင္ပို၍ efficiency ေကာင္းသည္။
အသံုးမ်ားသည့္ static pressure range ကိုလည္း ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္စြမ္း ရွိသည္။ Hub တြင္ ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
(၄)ခု မွ (၈)ခု အထိ တပ္ဆင္ထားေလ့ ရွိသည္။
Hub ၏ အရြယ္သည္ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား (blade)၏ အခ်င္း
တစ္ဝက္ေက်ာ္အထိ ရွိႏုိင္သည္။ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(blade)သည္
airfoil ပံုစံမ်ိဳးလည္း ရွိႏုိင္သည္။ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(blade)အထူ
သည္ တစ္ညီတည္း ျဖစ္ႏုိင္သည္။ (single thickness cross
section) ။ HVAC ႏွင့္ ACMV လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ tube axial fan ကို
အမ်ားဆံုး အသံုးျပဳ သည္။
ေလစီးႏႈန္း နည္းျခင္း၊ မ်ားျခင္း အလြန္တိက်ရန္ မလုိသည့္ low pressure)ႏွင့္
ဖိအားအသင့္အတင့္(medium pressure) မ်ားအတြက္ အသံုးျပဳသည္။ အေျခာက္ခံ႐ံုမ်ား(drying
ovens)၊ ေဆးမႈတ႐
္ ံုမ်ား(paint spray booths) ႏွင့္ fume စုပ္ထုတ္သည့္ system မ်ား စေသာ စက္မႈ
လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
ဂ) Vane Axial
Vane Axial မ်ားသည္ ဖိအားအသင့္အတင့္(medium pressure)
ႏွင့္ ဖိအားျမင့္ျမင့္(high pressure)ကို အေကာင္းဆံုး efficiency
ျဖင့္ ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္စြမ္း ရွိသည္။ Airfoil ပံုစံ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား
(blade) သံုးထားသည့္ vane axial ၏ efficiency သည္
အေကာင္းဆံုး ျဖစ္သည္။ ဖိအား(pressure)အနိမ့္အျမင့္ အားလံုး
အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳ ႏုိင္သည္။ Down stream ၌ air distribution
ေကာင္းသည္။
HVAC ႏွင့္ ACMV လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ vane axial fan ကို အမ်ားဆံုး အသံုးျပဳသည္။ တျခားေသာ fan
အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားထက္စာလ်ွင္ အလြန္ေသးငယ္သည္။ ေလထြက္ႏႈန္း(capacity) တူေသာ centrifugal fan ႏွင့္
ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္လ်ွင္ အရြယ္အစား အလြန္ေသးငယ္သည္။
၆.၇.၃ Axial Fan (Performance)

A volume) (medium pressure)
E
(၆-၂၆) a
Variable pitch axial fan
Blade pitch angle (air flow) (power

consumption)
Axial fan ၌ aerodynamic stal (peak pressure)

pressure)
s
ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(blades fatigue failure) ႔
stall con operation
6-14
၆-၂၆
၆၈ Fan မ်ား
Axial fan
centrifugal force)
႔
႔ Air flow သည္

impeller ကို radial direction အတုိင္း ျဖတ္သြားလ်ွင္ centrifugal fan သုိ႔မဟုတ္ blower ဟု သတ္မွတ္သည္။
တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ ေလထြက္ရာ(discharge)လမ္းေၾကာင္းသည္ လည္ေနသည့္ shaft) ႏွင့္ ေထာင့္မွန္
(perpendicular) ျဖစ္သည္။ (၉၀) ဒီဂရီ ေထာင့္ခ်ိဳးျဖစ္ေနသည္။
၆-၂၇ Centrifugal fan ႔
6-15
၆.၈.၁ Centrifugal Fan (Principle of Operation)
၆-၂၈ Centrifugal fan impeller
Centrifugal fan impeller ႔ (shaft) impeller

radial direction ( ၀) ဂ impeller
volute casing ၊ ( ၀) ဂ
Impeller ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) ၌
၌ centrifugal force ႔
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) impeller ႔
Impeller ႔ (continuous
flow) Centrifugal fan impeller
(၁) radial direction
Impeller (diameter) ၊ centrifugal

force Central force pressure gradient ႔
(blade passage) radius static pressure
impeller (diameter) static
pressure
(၂) (blade) (blade passage)

(outlet area) (inlet area) ႔
(blade passage) diffuser ႔ ႔ (air flow)
relative velocity (outlet) ႔ (outlet area) ႔
(velocity) (velocity) static
pressure
(၃) impeller ၌ ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) rotational

momentum Tangential directional velocity
impeller radial direction flow absolute
ဏ Impeller (outlet) (maximum)
absolute velocity Kinetic Energy(K.E) Impeller
(across the impeller) dynamic pressure
6-16
၆-၂ Potential Energy(P.E) and Kinetic Energy(K.E)

Casing ႔ Housing
Casing impeller
(useful direction) ႔
႔ impeller dynamic pressure
(useful) static pressure ႔
Centrifugal fan casing volute ဏ ႔ impeller

d Volute cross sectional area
(velocity)
(velocity) dynamic pressure
၆-၃၀
6-17
work done
(total pressure) Friction
(loss) ႔ dynamic pressure
static pressure ႔
centrifugal fan static pressure 45% impeller
% casing dynamic pressure static pressure ႔
Impeller dynamic pressure (K.E) ၀% ႔ casing
static pressure (P.E)
၆-၃၁ Centrifugal fan casing

Centrifugal fan မ်ားသည္ ဝင္လာသည့္ေလေၾကာင္းကို (၉၀)ဒီဂရီ ေထာင့္ခ်ိဳးကာ ထြက္သြားေစသည္။
ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဝင္ေလႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလသည္ ဦးတည္ရာ လမ္းေၾကာင္း မတူၾကေပ။ Centrifugal fan မ်ား၏
အားသာခ်က္မ်ားမွာ ဆူညံသံ အလြန္နည္းျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ယံုၾကည္စိတ္ခ်မႈ(reliability) ျမင့္မားသည္။ ဒီဇုိင္း
အေျခအေနမွာ ေက်ာ္လြန္၍လည္း ေမာင္းႏုိင္သည္။
၆-၃၂ Backward curved centrifugal fans ၆-၃၃ Double inlet centrifugal fans
Radial blade impeller (size) (speed)

ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) tangent (tangential velocity)
၊ (speed) radial blade ႔ (energy)
6-18
(pressure) ႔ ႔ radial blade

႔
၆-၃၄ (a) Radial blade (b) Backward inclined blade (c) Backward curved blade
centrifugal fan ႔ air particle)

impeller ႔ radial
direction ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
႔ ႔ impeller ႔ ႔
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) ႔ backward inclined blade
efficiency ၊ radial blade efficiency Casing
impeller Kinetic Energy(K.E) Potential Energy(P.E)
႔
Centrifugal fan (blade) fan curve

ဏ
Centrifugal fan s axial fan Centrifugal

fan pressure) (volume)
Centrifugal fan impeller ဏ s
Fan (volume flow rate) (control)

fan Inlet Guide Vane(IGV)
(volume flow) (control) Inlet guide vain ၊
impeller (direction)
efficiency
Centrifugal fan မ်ား၏ ထူျခား ေကာင္းမြန္ခ်က္မ်ားမွာ အသံဆူညံမႈနည္းျခင္း(quiet)ႏွင့္ ဖိအား

ျမင့္သည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား(high pressure application)တြင္ efficient ျဖစ္ျခင္း တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။ Air Handling
Unit(AHU) ႏွင့္ Fan Coil Unit(FCU) အားလံုးနီးပါး တြင္ centrifugal fan သုိ႔မဟုတ္ blower မ်ားကို
အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
6-19
၆-၃ Impeller and Blade

အထက္ပါပံုမ်ားသည္ backward inclined centrifugal fan တစ္လံုး၏ wheel ႏွင့္ ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
ပံုမ်ားျဖစ္ၾကသည္။
၆.၈.၂ Centrifugal Fan မ်ား၏ Impeller Blade Design
၆-၃၆ (blade)
ဖိအား ျမင့္ျမင့္(high pressure)လုိအပ္သည့္အခါႏွင့္ ရွည္လ်ားသည့္ duct မ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္
အခါမ်ိဳးတြင္ centrifugal fan မ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။ Centrifugal fan အမ်ိဳးအစားကို impeller ရွိ ပန္ကာ
ဒလက္(blade) ပံုသဏၭာန္ကို အေျခခံ၍ radial(straight ၊ ၊ lade ႏွင့္ aerofoil
ဟူ၍ အဓိက အားျဖင့္ ခဲျြ ခားသတ္မွတ္ၾကသည္။ Impeller လည္သည့္ ေရွ႕ဘက္(forward)သုိ႔ ေစာင္းထား
(inclined)၊ ေကြးထား (curved)ေသာေၾကာင့္ “Forward Inclined/Curved Blade”
Centrifugal fan ႔ blower ၌ (blade) (wheel)

Impeller” Impeller Blade” Side
plate blade back plate ႔ impeller
(၆-၃၃) impeller hub
Radial Blade Radially Tipped Forward Curved Blade
၆-၃၇ Backward Curved Blade Backward inclined blade Backward curved aerofoil
ပန္ကာဒလက္ဒီဇုိင္း(blade design)
6-20
Radial (straight) ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)

Radial(straight) (straight) ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
Radial Tip
႔ (tip)
Forward Inclined ေရွ႕ဘက္(forward)သုိ႔ ေစာင္းထား(inclined)သည္။
Forward curved ေရွ႕ဘက္(forward)သုိ႔ ေကြးထား(curved)သည္။

Forward Blade
Forward curved Aerofoil ႔ ေကြးထား
aerofoil (curved)သည္။ (အသံုးနည္းသည္။)
Backward Inclined ေနာက္ဘက္(backward)သုိ႔ ေစာင္းထား(inclined)သည္။
Backward curved ေနာက္ဘက္(backward)သုိ႔ ေကြးထား(curved)သည္။

Backward Blade
Backward curved Aerofoil ေနာက္ဘက္(Backward) ႔ ေကြးထား
aerofoil (curved)သည္။
Aerofoil Aerofoil
) Radial B
Radial blade impeller မ်ားသည္ အရွင္းလင္းဆံုးေသာ ဒီဇုိင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ efficiency
အနည္းဆံုးျဖစ္သည္။ Radial b mechanical strength)
ဆံုး ျဖစ္သည္။ အလြယ္တကူ ျပဳျပင္ႏုိင္သည္။ Radial impeller ကို
အသံုးျပဳျခင္းေၾကာင့္ (medium speed)သာ ရႏုိင္သည္။ Radial
blade ႏွင့္ modified radial blade ဟူ၍ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳး ရွိသည္။
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) (၆)ခု မွ (၁၆)ခုအထိ ရွိတတ္ၾကသည္။ စက္႐ုံမ်ား(industrial plants)တြင္ ပစ
႔ (material handling application)အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ impeller ကို special
material ျဖင့္ ဖံုးအုပ္(coating)ထားေလ့ရွိသည္။ စက္မႈလုပ္ငန္း(industrial)မ်ားတြင္ လုိအပ္ေသာ ဖိအားျမင့္ျမင့္
(high pressure)ကို ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္စြမ္း ရွိသည္။
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) (leading edge) ဏ (curve

႔
Back plate ႔ paddle type blade spider hub ႔
Centrifugal fan radial blade fan efficiency
Efficiency ၀% ၆၀% ႔ high peak pressure O
Impeller (diameter) (running speed) centrifugal fan

radial tipped impeller fan (total pressure)
Efficiency ႔ (volume flow rate)
(volume flow) (pressure) Stall characteristic
Radial Tipped Blade

Radial blade impeller (direction) ႔
(reclined O fan (peak) efficiency
forward curved fan efficiency backward blade fan efficiency
6-21
Radial tipped blade (maximum) blade tip absolute velocity

Radial impeller angular momentum ဏ Radial blade passage
efficient Radial tipped blade
(leading edge) ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား အၾကားေနရာ
(blade passage) ႔ ႔ ႔
႔ efficiency
( ) Forward Blade
Forward curved blade impeller ၏ forward curved blade
မ်ားတပ္ထားသည့္ impeller ျဖစ္သည္။ Forward curved blade impeller efficiency
သည္ airfoil ႏွင့္ backward curved blade impeller ၏ efficiency ထက္
နည္းသည္။ အေလးခ်ိန္ေပါ့ပါး(lightweight construction)ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေစ်း
သက္သာသည္။ ပန္ကာ ဒလက္(blade)မ်ား (၂၄)ခု မွ (၆၄)ခု အထိ ရွိတတ္သည္။
shallow blades) ျဖစ္သည္။
ေလသည္ မွ tip speed ထက္ မ်ားသည့္ အလ်င္(velocity)ျဖင့္ ထြက္သြားသည္။
ေလထြက္ႏႈန္း(capacity)တူသည့္ centrifugal fan မ်ားအနက္ forward impeller ကိုသံုးလ်ွင္ အရြယ္အစား
အငယ္ဆံုး ျဖစ္သည္။ အိမ္သံုး(domestic) furnace မ်ား packaged air conditioning မ်ားႏွင့္ roof top unit
မ်ားတြင္ forward impeller ကို အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) impeller (direction) ႔

႔ O
(air flow) overload
forward curved impeller duty ႔ load
(air volume) (peak) efficiency ၇၀
backward bladed fan efficiency
Forward Curved Blade Impeller

ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) absolute velocity (blade tip)
႔ (air volume) ႔ ပန္ကာဒလက္
(blade)
forward curved blade ပန္ကာဒလက္
(blade)
(high velocity ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) (friction)
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) (angle) ႔
Turbulence (blade passage)
(energy dissipate) ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade)
fluid shear stress (skin friction)
Efficiency ၊ ( ) (mechanical
strength) ႔
6-22
(tip velocity) (volume flow

rate) Fan curve (dip ႔
stall characteristic
(ဂ) Backward Blade

ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) ( ) (၁၆) ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) impeller
(direction) ႔ (inclined) Inclined blade
ဏ (flat) ႔ ဏ (curved) plate Overload
(non-overloading) fan High efficiency Plate blade
80% efficiency aerofoil blade efficiency 90
Backward inclined impeller e

(blade passage) diffuser ႔ Backward inclined
blade radial blade (gradually)
diffuse ႔ (air flow) (uniform)
(blade passage) (air flow) ႔
Backward curved ႔ aerofoil blade backward inclined blade
efficiency
Backward Inclined Blade

Backward inclined plate impeller radial blade (impeller diameter
running speed ) (low) peak pressure ႔
(high volume) Stall characteristic radial tipped impeller
HVAC application (industrial application)
(erosive duties)
airfoil impeller မွ ရႏုိင္ေသာ efficiency ထက္
အနည္းငယ္သာ နည္းသည္။ ေလသည္ impeller မွ tip speed ထက္ နည္းသည့္ velocity ျဖင့္ ထြကသ
္ ြားသည္။
ေဇာက္နက္သည့္ ပန္ကာဒလက္မ်ား(deep blades) ျဖစ္သည္။ သံေခ်းတက္သည့္ ေနရာမ်ား(corrosive
environment) erosive environment)တြင္ airfoil impeller မ်ားကို
အသံုးျပဳရန္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္သည့္အခါ backward impeller မ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
Backward Curved Blade

Backward curved blade absolute velocity Radial tipped
blade streamlined blade passage Radial passage
Diffuser ဏ (separation of air flow)
Overload (non-overloading) fan
Backward Inclined Aerofoil Blade

Backward inclined aerofoil ACMV system
(large scale industrial application)
(power saving) Low ၊ medium high pressure system
(၄) fan ႔
6-23
erosive) (industry application)

Erosive ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) coating
Blade tip
(blade) rotational energy ဏ
aerodynamic losses Backward blade aerofoil ဏ
(blade passage) ႔
Aerofoil ဏ ပန္ကာ
ဒလက္(blade) bending stress ပန္ကာဒလက္
(blade) stiffener second moment of area
(diameter) (speed) (pressure)
impeller (volume flow rate)
(tip velocity) fan (volume flow

rate) Impeller (diameter) tip
velocity ႔ (running speed) ႔
(tip velocity)
(blade) (
Centrifugal impeller ဒီဇုိင္းမ်ားအားလံုးအနက္ airfoil သည္

အေကာင္းဆံုး efficiencyကို ေပးႏိုင္သည္။ ေလသည္ impeller
မွ tip speed ထက္နည္းသည့္ velocity ျဖင့္ ထြက္သြားသည္။
ပန္ကာဒလက္ (blade)မ်ားသည္ (၉)ခု မွ (၁၆)ခု အထိ ရွိတတ္
ၾကသည္။ ေဇာက္နက္သည့္ ပန္ကာဒလက္ (deep blade) မ်ား
ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။
Airfoil impeller ကို အသံုးျပဳျခင္းျဖင့္ centrifugal fan ကို (speed)ျမင့္ျမင့္ျဖင့္ ေမာင္းႏုိင္သည္။
ႀကီးမားေသာ centrifugal fan မ်ားတြင္ airfoil impeller ကို အသံုးျပဳျခင္းေၾကာင့္ စြမ္းအင္ေခြ်တာမႈ(power
saving) မ်ားေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္သည္။
၆.၈.၃ Centrifugal Fan Velocity Triangle

Impeller reference (air flow) relative
Impeller outlet relative velocity direction blade tip direction
၆-၃၈ Forward Curved Blades Flat Blades (Radial Blade) Backward Curved Blades
V = Absolute velocity of air leaving blade(shown equal for all three blade type)
Vr =Velocity of air leaving blade relative to blade
Vb = Velocity of blade tip
6-24
ပန္ကာဒလက္(blade) (tip) rotational velocity ႔

(energy) ဏ Impeller
(volume flow rate) ဏ (tip velocity)
(volume flow) စြမ္းအင္သံုးစြမ
ဲ ႈ(power consumption)
၆-၃ Flow relative to impeller and flow relative to casing
၆.၈.၄ Centrifugal Fan Arrangement
၆-၄၀ ေမာ္တာ တပ္ဆင္ရာ ေနရာျပပံု
Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise Clockwise

down blast up blast Top angular down Top angular horizontal
Counterclockwise Counterclockwise Counterclockwise Counterclockwise

down blast up blast Top angular down Top angular horizontal
၆-၄၁ Centrifugal fan arrangement
6-25
Discharge arrangement မ်ားကို ပံုမ်ားႏွင့္တကြ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ Clockwise သုိ႔မဟုတ္ Counter

clockwise စသည့္ လည္သည့္ဘက္(rotation direction)ကိုသတ္မွတ္ရန္ေမာ္တာရွိသည့္ဘက္မွ ၾကည့္ရသည္။
Fan တစ္လံုး၏ performance)ကုိ ဇယားပံုစံ(tabular form)ျဖင့္ ေဖာ္ျပေလ့ ရွိသည္။

ဇယားမွ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားအရ centrifugal f Class I rating
ျဖစ္သည္။ Centrifugal fan အမ်ိဳးအစားသည္ backward-curved ျဖစ္သည္။ Wheel diameter သည္ (၄၄)
လက္မခြဲ ျဖစ္သည္။ Tip speed ကို ရရန္ wheel လည္သည့္ အပတ္ေရ(RPM)ျဖင့္ ေျမႇာက္ယူ
ႏုိင္သည္။ တတိယ row ႏွင့္ 1/2" SP column မွ 16613 CFM ႏွင့္ Static Pressure 1/2" ရရွိရန္ fan ကို 264
RPM ျဖင့္ ေမာင္းရမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး 1.64 BHP သံုးစြလ
ဲ ိမ့္မည္္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ ဂရပ္( performance curve

ပို၍ လြယ္ကူသည္။ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ curve မရရွိႏုိင္သည့္အခါတြင္ (constant speed) တစ္ခုတြင္
ရွိေသာ ဖိအား(pressure)ႏွင့္ စက္စြမ္းအား(horse power)ကို အသံုးျပဳ၍ လုိအပ္ေသာperformance curve ကို
မိမိ ာသာ ျပဳလုပ္ယူႏုိင္သည္။ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ “Fan Law” ပံုေသနည္းမွ တြက္ယူႏုိင္သည္။
၆. ၊ (Region) Stall (Characteristics)
Centrifugal fan curve (dip

(dip) Rotating stall
Fan s (blade) ႔
(air flow) (blade) ၌ stall
႔ impeller (blade) Centrifugal fan
(pressure) centrifugal fan
stall axial fan
Centrifugal fan (pressure)

(volume flow rate) (low
frequency noise) fan casing ၊ duct work impeller ႔
(vibration) (pressure) impeller ၊ duct work ႔
6-26
၆-၄၂
၆-၄၃ efficiency
efficiency s ၌
(pressure)
Radial blade fan radial flat blade

႔
(solid particle) radial fan
႔
efficiency Forward curve blade
t
၆-၄၄ Flow breaking away form the blade nose
6-27
Medium tip speed high tip speed ႔ Forward curve blade

(weak ၊ efficiency ႔ (large scale industrial application)
(domestic) heating
cooling system
၆-၄ Inlet Cone
၆.၁၀ System (System Resistance)
Duct ႔
(differential pressure) ႔ duct
႔ (pressure drop
Point A (pressure) point B (pressure) (PA

> PB) point A point B ႔ Point A point B ႔
(pressure drop) (
duct ၌ (friction
Duct (bend) ၊ damper ၊ duct section turbulence flow

(pressure drop) Heater ၊
(filter)
(pressure drop ႔ (pressure loss) (system
resistance)
(system resistance system curve ႔

S system
fan (performance)
(system damper ၊ (device)

) air volume) ၊ system curve
System curve
၆.၁၀.၁ R
(၆-၄၆)
Point A - fan duct system O P ”
6-28
Point B – System (duct) equipment (system

resistance) system curve Y axis ႔ Curve
Point C - Damper ႔ (system resistance) system

curve Y axis ႔ curve
႔ system resistance (air density)
၆-၄၆ System resistance Fan curve
(pressure loss) ဏ (volume flow rate)

႔ (air volume)
(pressure loss constant air density
၆.၁၀.၂ Duct System Damper ၊

Point P1
(၆-၄၇) damper ၊ system c (effect of opening and
closing system damper) Point P1 damper o
Damper (fully open) ၌ (system resistance)
Point P2
Point P2 damper (partially open) ၌ (system
resistance) system resistance curve operating p
6-29
System (resistance) Y axis system curve

System (resistance) Y axis
system curve
၆-၄၇ Damper fully open and Partially closed
၆.၁၀.၃ (Air Filter)

၆-၄၈ air filter) ေၾကာင့္ system curve ေျပာင္းလဲပံုကို ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
၆-၄၈ air filter)
No Filter Point (P0, P3, P4)

P0 ၊ P3 ၊ P4 လိုင္းသည္ air Filter) မတပ္ဆင္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ ႔ ျဖဳတ္ထား ေသာေၾကာင့္
ျဖစ္ေပၚေနေသာ system curve ျဖစ္သည္။
6-30
Operating point သည္ system curve ႏွင့္ fan curve တုိ႔ ျဖတ္သြား ေသာေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ ေပၚလာေသာ
intersection point ျဖစ္သည္။ air f operating point သည္ ေလစီးႏႈန္း
3
(flow) 3.23 m /s ႏွင့္ total pressure) 510 Pa တို႔ ျဖတ္မွတ္(intersection point) ျဖစ္သည္။
F Operating Point (P ႏွင့္ P1)

P ႏွင့္ P1 လိုင္းသည္ clean air filter) တပ္ဆင္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေသာ system
curve ျဖစ္သည္။
Operating point သည္ ေလစီးႏႈန္း(flow) 3.0 m3/s ႏွင့္ total pressure) 531 Pa တို႔ ျဖတ္မွတ္
(intersection point) ျဖစ္သည္။
(Dirty Air Filter Operating Point (P2)

P2 လိုင္းသည္ (dirty air filter)တပ္ဆင္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚ
လာေသာ system curve ျဖစ္သည္။ Operating point သည္ ေလစီးႏႈန္း(flow) 2.75 m3/s ႏွင့္ (total
pressure) 550 Pa တို႔ ျဖတ္မွတ္ (intersection point) ျဖစ္သည္။
႔ (dirty air) (pressure resistance)
႔ (system resistance) fan curve
(air filter) system pressure 531 Pa 550 Pa
3 3
႔ ႔ (air flow) 3.0 m /s 2.75 m /s ႔
(air flow rate) fan
႔ (energy consumption) (air filter)

႔
၆.၁၁ Fan Performance Curve ႔ Pressure - Volume Curve
၆-၄၇ Theoretical fan curve and actual fan curve
(၆-၄၇) backward blade centrifugal fan

Centrifugal fan (performance) (pressure) (volume
flow rate) ႔ ႔ P - ” Fan
6-31
(pressure) (volume flow rate) ႔ (relationship) curve

Fan Curve” F ” ႔ Pressure – Volume Curve” fan
characteristic Centrifugal fan power characteristic (volume
flow) (power consumption)
Fan characteristic curve X (X axis) (volume flow rate) Y

(Y axis) static SI fan curve (volume
flow rate) X (X axis)၌ H Pressure development Y (Y axis)
Pascal (Pa
Fan theoretical characteristic (straight line) Rotational

loss ၊ frictional loss incidence ႔ (actual fan
pressure) Incidence impeller inlet fluid blade angle
႔
(friction loss) (mean

velocity) (square) (air flow rate)
(pressure loss) Peak efficiency fluid angle blade angle ႔
႔ incidence (zero)
Fluid angle blade angle incidence

(zero) Incidence (loss)
႔ peak (left) negative slope (right) positive slope
Fan c ၌ power) (air flow)

f pressure)
(air flow) f
(pressure) (square
Duct system c ၌ (air flow) duct s

(pressure loss) (square F
duct s (pressure loss) (square
႔ (air flow) ႔ ၊
(analysis)
fan c reference ႔
Fan ထုတ္လုပ္ေရာင္းခ်သူမ်ားထံမွ fan curve ကို ရရွိႏုိင္သည္။ Fan ကို fan curve ၏ ေနရာတုိင္း၌ ေမာင္းရန္
မသင့္ေလ်ာ္ပါ။ ထုိ fan curve တစ္ေလ်ွာက္တြင္ သည္ အသံုးျပဳရန္ မသင့္ေသာ
6-32
ေနရာျဖစ္သည္။ ဘယ္ဘက္အစြန္းသည္ stall

Fan curve ၏ အလယ္ သံုးပံုတစ္ပံု ေနရာသည္သာ ေမာင္းရန္ အသင့္ေတာ္ဆံုး
ေနရာျဖစ္သည္။ fan performance curve
၆- ၀ Ty recommended performance r
Efficiency curve fan
Fan peak efficiency
Peak efficiency load ႔ duty
(power consumption) Peak efficiency
(noise level) (Efficiency vs noise curve )
F Steep Fan curve
F (flow rat
(pressure)
၆- ၁ Steep curve and flat curve
6-33
Ducted system ႔
energy) (pressure) ႔ ႔
(pressure) wall) frict
bend) ၊
႔ pressure drop
၆.၁၂ Fan Law ႔ Law Of Fan Performance

Fan law fan curve (point)
Fan Law ဏ (geometrically similar) fan

(performance) ႔ ၊ fan
႔ (surface roughness) ၊ ႔ (gas) (viscosity)
႔
Fan Law fan

(၁)
(၂) (speed)
(၃) (density ႔ fan (volume
flow)၊ (pressure) (power) ႔ ႔
Fan (volume)
( ) ( )
Fan (pressure)
( ) ( )
( )
Fan (power)
( ) ( ) ( )
Fan တစ္လံုး သုိ႔မဟုတ္ fan system တစ္ခုသည္ operating condition ေျပာင္းလဲသည့္အခါ

ျဖစ္ေပၚလာမည့္ fan performance)ကို ခန္႔မွန္းရန္အတြက္ fan law ကို အသံုးျပဳသည္။
လိုအပ္သည့္ operating condition ကို ေပးႏုိင္မည့္ operation point သုိ႔မဟုတ္ range ကို fan curve မွ
ရႏုိင္သည္။ F operating condition ႔ f
(speed) fan performance)ကို ခန္႔မွန္းရန္အတြက္
fan law ကို အသံုးျပဳေလ့ရွိသည္။ မည္သည့္ f ႔
ဏ (geometrically similar) fan
ေအာက္တြင္ fan law ဇယားျဖင့္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ အသံုးျပဳထားေသာ symbol မ်ားမွာ ေအာက္ပါ

အတိုင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
6-34
Q – Volume flow rate thru the fan. (CMH သုိ႔မဟုတ္ CFM)
N – Rotational speed of the impeller.(rpm)
P – Pressure developed by the fan(either static or total)
Hp – H H ႔ kW)
D – Fan wheel diameter.
W – Air density
(air density) barometric pressu

(air absolute
temperature) (inversely proporational
(
အထက္ပါ fan law အရ (air d fan (size) )

(၁) Volume flow rate(Q)သည္ Rotational speed(N)ႏွင့္ တုိက္႐ုိက္ အခ်ိဳးက်သည္။
Rotational speed(N)မ်ားလ်ွင္ Volume flow rate(Q) မ်ားသည္။
(၂) Static or total Pressure(P)သည္ Rotational speed(N)၏ ႏွစ္ထပ္(square)ႏွင့္ တုိက္႐ုိက္ အခ်ိဳး
က်သည္။
Rotational speed(N)မ်ားလ်ွင္ static or total Pressure(P) မ်ားသည္။
(၃) Horsepower input to the fan (Hp)သည္ Rotational speed(N)၏ သံုးထပ္(cube)ႏွင့္ တုိက္႐ုိက္
အခ်ိဳး က်သည္။ Rotational speed(N)မ်ားလ်ွင္ Horsepower input to the fan(Hp) မ်ားသည္။
6-35
-L 3
Given: Air quantity - 33,120 CFM Static pressure - 1.5 in wg
Fan speed - 382 RPM Brake horsepower - 10.5
382 RPM RPM ႔ (capacity ၊
horsepower) ႔
440
- 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 33 1 0 𝑥
38 1 0 𝐶𝐹𝑀
38
440 2
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 1 𝑥 0 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑔
38
440 3
𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 10 𝑥 16 1 𝐵𝐻
38
- ၃၀ fan (sea level) 1,040

RPM 10,000 CFM static pressure 2.18 in. wg
5.77 BHP
system 2 F
2 1 000 𝑐
2 𝑥 1040 𝑟𝑝 𝑥 1 48 𝑟𝑝
1 000 𝑐
2
3
1 48 𝑟𝑝 3
𝐻 2 𝐻 𝑥 ( ) 𝑝𝑥 ( ) 𝑝
1040 𝑟𝑝
2
2
1 48 𝑟𝑝 2
2 𝑥 ( ) 18 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑔 𝑥 ( ) 3 14 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
1040 𝑟𝑝
၆- ၂ System resistance curve and fan curve

6-36
(၆- ၂) fan curve original design point(point 1)

႔ actual duct system design ႔ calculated duct system
(system resistance) ၌ fan
(volume rate) ႔ fan (speed) )
Fan (speed) ) fan curve
Point 1 (original design point)

Point 2 acual duct System ၌ design volume fan RP
new(corrected)system curve
Point 3 ၌ (deficient
volume)
Point 4 ၌ (deficient
volume)
air density) fan (speed) ႔
၆.၁၃ Fan Curves and System Resistance Curves

Fan curve ဆိုသည္မွာ fan တစ္လံုး ကို ေမာင္းလ်ွင္ရရွိႏုိင္မည့္
(air flow) [ F ႔ CMH]ႏွင့္ static
pressure( ႔ Pascal)ကို ဂရပ္(graph)
ေပၚတြင္ ဆြဲထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိ fan curve ၾကည့္ၿပီး မိမိ
ေမာင္းလုိသည္ operating point သို႔မဟုတ္ operating r
႔ operating region ကို သတ္မွတ္ႏုိင္သည္။
မိမိေမာင္းလုိသည့္ (air flow)[CFM]ကို သိထားလ်ွင္

fan မွ static pressure (inch wg)ကို
ရႏုိင္သည္။
၆- ၃ System resistance curve
တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ မိမိေမာင္းလုိသည့္ static pressure (inch WG)ကို သိထားလ်ွင္ fan က
(air flow)ကို ရႏုိင္သည္။
၆- ၄ Typical operating point ၆- Unacceptable operating point

6-37
အထက္ပါပံု(၆- )သည္ backward inclined centrifugal fan တစ္လံုး၌ ေတြ႔ရေလ့ရွိေသာ fan

curve ျဖစ္သည္။
Fixed air system (pressure loss) volume flow rate
air system fan
(pressure) system (pressure drop) ဏ fan
system resistance curve fan curve ႔
point operating point A
၆- ၆ (speed)
(volume flow rate) ၁၀% fan (speed)

၁၀% duct (pressure) ၂၁%
(system resistance) ၂၁%
Fan (power consumption) ၃၃% ႔

(volume flow rate) ၁၀% (power consumption) ၃၃%
႔ volume flow rate 10% (power
saving) ၃၃
6-38
၆- ၇ (diameter) ၁၀% fan curve
(air flow rate) (diameter) impeller

Fan (speed) ႔ fan diameter fan curve
operating point
(diameter) ၁၀% fan ႔
impeller
fan curve (system resistance)
႔
( ) (flow rate) fan pressure (air density)
( ) System pressure loss (air density)
႔ pressure drop) system resistance)

pressure drop) ဏ velocity) (square of
the velocity (flow rate) fa
(power) ႔ (
) fan
6-39
၆.၁၄ Design Operating Point and Actual Operating Point

(pressure (air flow)
(system resistance)
႔
၆- ၈ (design system resistance) actual system resistance

A calculated system (design system)
Operating Point 1 (Design Operating Point)

F system curve A (design) ႔ operating point
point design operating point Design operating point
point ac
Operating Point 2 (Actual System Resistance > Design System Resistance)

A design s
operating point 2
Operating point 2 flow)
Operating Point 3 (Actual System Resistance < Design System Resistance)

A design s actual syst
operating point 3
operating point 3 resistance) flow)
6-40
Operating Point 4
A design s
operating point Point (operation point )
Operating Point 5
F A
design s operating point
ဤပံုသည္ typical static pressure/hp curve,

backward-inclined centrifugal
ခုကို graph တစ္ခုေပၚတြင္ တင္၍ ဆြဲထားျခင္း
ျဖစ္သည္။
Fan curve တစ္ခုမွာ (air flow) [CFM]

ႏွင့္ static pressure(inch wg)ကို တည္၍
ဆြထ
ဲ ားျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး ေနာက္တစ္ခုမွာ (air
flow) [CFM] ႏွင့္ သံုးစြသ
ဲ ည့္ power(BHP)ကို
တည္၍ ဆြဲထားျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။ Graph တစ္ခု
ေပၚတြင္ fan curve လုိင္းေပါင္း
မ်ားစြာ ဆြႏ
ဲ ုိင္သည္။
၆- ၉ (air flow) [CFM] ႏွင့္ သံုးစြသ
ဲ ည့္ power(BHP)
Fan curve အသံုးျပဳသည့္ ဥပမာ -

ပံု(၆- ၉)တြင္ ျပထားသည့္ fan curve backward-inclined centrifugal fan
သည္ Curve အရ 6,500 CFM(horizontal axis)ျဖင့္ ေမာင္းသည့္ အခိုက္၌ static pressure 4.0 inch wg
(ဘယ္ဘက္ vertical axis မွွဖတ္သည္)ကို ရရွိႏုိင္ၿပီး 6.9 BHP (ညာဘက္ vertical axis မွွဖတ္သည္)ကို
သံုးစြသ
ဲ ည္။
အားျဖင့္ fan curve ေလစီးႏႈန္း(air flow)[CFM] မ်ားလာေလ static pressure[inch

wg] နည္းလာေလ ျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိေၾကာင့္ fan curve သည္ ဘယ္ဘက္အျမင့္ တစ္ေနရာမွ ညာဘက္သုိ႔
နိမ့္ဆင္း သြားသည္။
၆.၁ Fan Control

႔ 1 liter/second
2 watt ႔ (electrical power)
ႆ ႔
(discharge ) 1 liter/second 16 watt
1 liter/second (cold air) ႔ (discharge) 1 liter/second
outdoor air (outside temperature) ႔
6-41
႔ fan (volume flow rate
Fan (volume flow rate) fan ႔

႔ ႔
၆-၆၀ (speed) fan curve
Designer ၊ consultant fan (flow)

(pressure) ႔
၊ ႆ safety factor
႔ fan (capacity)
Fan ႔
fan
control
Fan (capacity) (control)

( ) Damper modulation
( ) Inlet vanes modulation (F )
(ဂ) Blade pitch modulation
(ဃ) (flow control by system damper regulation)
( ) (speed) (flow control by speed regulation) ႔
6-42
၆.၁ .၁ (Speed) Control (Flow Control by Speed Regulation)

Fan (speed) A
(speed) supply frequency pole
Variable Speed Drive(VSD) ႔ Variable Frequency Drive(VFD)
(speed) (energy saving
၆.၁ .၂ System D Control (Flow Control by System Damper Regulation)
၆-၆၁ Flow control by system damper regulation

B (constant speed)
၆.၁ .၃ Inlet Louver Damper Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) Control
၆-၆၃ Inlet Guide vane ၆-၆၄ Inlet Guide vane
duct system ၌ (system

resistance) centrifugal fan (volume flow)
6-43
႔ centrifugal fan part load condition

Part load condition inlet louver ႔ damper ႔ inlet guide
vane control fan (capacity)
Inlet guide vane impeller eye ႔
impeller (direction) impeller
႔ Inlet louver inlet box
Guide vane fan (pressure)

(volume flow rate)
Fan (outlet) damper
(volume flow rate)
႔
fan operating point
႔
Inlet guide vane fan

(volume flow rate)
(power)
၆-၆၂ Pre-rotation of inlet air by dampers
Inlet guide v (loss)

(loss) inlet guide vane
(power saving) (cost saving)
centrifugal fan
inlet guide vane
Point P1 guide vane
၌ fan
(air flow rate) Q1
Pressure P1
၆-၆ Guide vane (fully open) (partially open)
Point P2
၌ flow rate) Q2 pressure) P2
Guide vane flow rate) Q P guide vane
flow rate) Q2 P2 ႔
inlet
6-44
Fan Inlet Guide Vane(IGV) ၊ duct system damper ႔

(system resistance)
၆.၁၆ Multiple Fan Systems - Fans in Series and Parallel

Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation တြင္ အသံုးျပဳေသာ fan မ်ားသည္ ဒီဇုိင္း
လုိအပ္ခ်က္အရ ေရြးခ်ယ္ထားေသာ single fan မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ ထုိ single fan ၏ (air flow)
အနည္း၊ အမ်ား လုိအပ္ခ်က္ကုိ damper မ်ား၊ variable inlet vane မ်ား၊ variable pitch blade မ်ား၊ ႏွင့္
Variable Speed Drive(VSD)မ်ား ျဖင့္ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ေမာင္းႏွင္ သည္။ Fan မ်ား၏ ေလထြက္ႏႈန္း(capacity)ကို
ေရြးခ်ယ္ သတ္မွတ္ရာတြင္ ေနာင္တစ္ခ်ိန္တြင္ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ရန္(future expansion)ႏွင့္ fan မ်ား ၾကာျမင့္စြာ
ေမာင္းနွင္မႈေၾကာင့္ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ ေလ်ာ့က်လာမႈ(deterioration) တုိ႔ကိုပါ ထည့္သြင္း စဥ္းစား ည္။
တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ တစ္လံုးထက္ ပိုသည့္ fan မ်ားကို အတြလ
ဲ ုိက္ တပ္ဆင္ၾကသည္။ ဒီဇုိင္း လိုအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားကို လုိက္၍
fan မ်ားကို (series) သုိ႔မဟုတ္ (parallel) မ်ိဳးျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္ၾကသည္။
ထိုသုိ႔ အတြလ
ဲ ုိက္ တပ္ဆင္ရသည့္ အေၾကာင္းမွာ
(၁) Single fan အႀကီး တစ္လံုးတည္း တပ္ဆင္ရန္ ေနရာ မလံုေလာက္ေသာေၾကာင့္ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း
(၂) တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ ေနရာသည္ single fan အႀကီးတစ္လံုးတည္း၏ အေလးခ်ိန္(weight)ကို မခံႏုိင္

ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း
(၃) လုိအပ္သည့္ ဒီဇုိင္း operating range သည္ single fan တစ္လံုးျဖင့္ ေမာင္း၍ မရႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္
က်ယ္ျပန္႔ေနေသာေၾကာင့္ ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း
(၄) အထူးသျဖင့္ အခ်ိန္ၾကာျမင့္စြာ ေလစီးႏႈန္းနည္းနည္း( ေမာင္းရန္ လုိအပ္သည့္

အခါ single fan ၏ ကုန္က်စရိတ္(cost of operation) အလြန္မ်ားေသာေၾကာင့္ multiple fan မ်ား
ေမာင္းျခင္းျဖင့္ ကုန္က်စရိတ္ကို ေခြ်တာရန္အတြက္ ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း
( ) (flow rate) ရရန္အတြက္ ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း
Critical system မ်ား(computer room etc..)မီးေလာင္သည့္အခါ တရက္ ခ်က္ျခင္း ေလစီးႏႈန္း

မ်ားမ်ား(high air flow)ရရွိရန္ ရည္ရြယ္တပ္ဆင္သည္။ Basement car park မ်ားတြင္ သာမန္အခ်ိန္
ventilation အတြက္ ေလလဲႏႈန္း(၆)ဆ(6 air change per hour)လုိအပ္ၿပီး “Fire Mode” တြင္ smoke
purging လုပ္ရန္အတြက္ ေလလဲႏႈန္း(၁၀)ဆ(10 air change per hour) လုိအပ္သည္။ ထုိအေျခအေန
ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးအတြက္ ဖိအား(pressure)တူသည့္ fan ႏွစ္လံုးကို (parallel) တပ္ဆင္ေလ့
ရွိသည္။
(၆) Fan မ်ား ေမာင္းသည့္အခါ ဆူညံသံ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာသည္။ ထုိ အသံဆူညံမႈ(noise level)မ်ားကို

ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ရန္အတြက္ single fan အစား fan လံုးကို တန္းဆက္(series)ပံုစံ တပ္ဆင္ၿပီး(2 fans in
series)ေမာင္းႏွင္ၾကသည္။ 2 fans in series တြင္ fan တစ္လံုးသည္ လုိအပ္သည့္ (pressure)၏
တစ္ဝက္ကိုသာ တာဝန္ယူရသည္။
fan (parallel
(volume flow rate)
႔ (system resistance)
႔ (volume flow rate)
6-45
၆-၆ Characteristic for two fans in series

axial fan contra-rotating axial fan
(၆-၆ ) fan point A
operating p fan operating point
point A A1 ႔
၆-၆၇ Series fan and Single fan operation ၆-၆၈ Series fan and Single fan operation
F fans in series
fans in parallel fan fans in
parallel
Fan fans in serie ႔
c ႔ fan c
Fan curve တစ္ခုခ်င္းအေနျဖင့္ stable ျဖစ္သည့္ ေနရာတြင္ ေရြးခ်ယ္ထားေသာ္လည္း fan
မ်ား အားလံုးကို system အေနျဖင့္ ေပါင္းလုိက္သည့္အခါ stable ျဖစ္သည့္ ႔ stall
သုိ႔ ေရာက္သြား တတ္သည္။
6-46
၆.၁၆.၁ Two Fans in Series (Fan

AMCA rating ၏ သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္ အရ fan (
သည့္ အခါ fan တစ္လံုးအျဖစ္(single unit) ၿပီး တြက္ခ်က္ၾကသည္။
Fan ႏွစ္လံုးကို တန္းဆက္(series)ပံုစံျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္၍ ေမာင္းလ်ွင္ တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ (air flow)

သည္ ႏွစ္လံုးေပါင္းထားသည့္ fan ၏ (air flow)ႏွင့္ တူညီသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္ series fan ႏွစ္လံုး
ေပါင္း၏ total pressure)သည္ တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ total pressure ႏွစ္ခုေပါင္းျခင္းႏွင့္ ညီမ်ွသည္။
Fan 2 fans in series fan ႏွစ္လံုးေပါင္း ၏ static

pressure ဟုေဖာ္ျပမည့္အစား total pressures ျဖင့္သာ ေဖာ္ျပသင့္သည္။ Fan ႏွစ္လံုး၏ အရြယ္အစား
မတူညီျခင္း သုိ႔ ထုိ fan ျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္သည့္ duct အရြယ္အစားသည္ မတူညီျခင္း တုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္သည္။
Fan ႏွစ္လံုးကို (series ျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္ထားလ်ွင္ “push-pull arrangement” မ်ိဳး

ျဖစ္သည္။ Fan ႏွစ္လံုးကို (series တပ္ဆင္ထားျခင္းျဖင့္ static pressure ႏွစ္ဆ ရရွိႏုိင္သည္။
သုိ႔ေသာ္ static pressure ႏွစ္ဆ မရႏုိင္ပါ။ F (flow rate)
မ်ားလာေလ static pressure နည္းလာေလ ျဖစ္သည္။ ေလခုခံအားမ်ားသည့္(high resistance) system
သုိ႔မဟုတ္ low flow system မ်ားသည္ 2 fans in series ႏွင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည္။
Two fans in series တစ္စံု အတြက္ ိးရွင္းလြယ္ကူေသာ ေရြးခ်ယ္နည္းမွာ

(၁) System ၏ လုိအပ္ေသာ ဖိအား(total pressure)ကို အရင္ရွာပါ။ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ သတ္မွတ္ပါ။
(၂) Axial fan သုိ႔မဟုတ္ inline fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ (flow rate)သည္ fan ႏွစ္လံုးေပါင္း
(system)၏ (flow rate)ႏွင့္ တူညီသည္။ Axial fan သုိ႔မဟုတ္ inline fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏
ဖိအား(total pressure)သည္ system ၏ total pressure တစ္ဝက္ ျဖစ္သည္။
ထို fan ႏွစ္လံုးကို (series အျဖစ္ တပ္ဆင္သည့္အခါ system resistance)

ကို ထည့္စဥ္းစားရန္ လုိသည္။ ထိုကဲ့သုိ႔ တပ္ဆင္လ်ွင္ fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ(individual)၏
(performance)သည္ မတူညီႏုိင္ပါ။ ထုိ fan ႏွစ္လံုးသည္ တူညီေသာ mass flow ျဖင့္သာ လည္ပတ္ေနၿပီး
တူညီေသာ (volumetric flow rate)ျဖင့္ လည္ပတ္ေနျခင္း မဟုတ္ေပ။ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္
ဆုိေသာ္ fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၌ အဝင္ဖိအား(inlet absolute pressure) ႏွင့္ အပူခ်ိန္ (temperature)တုိ႔
မတူညီႏုိင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ inlet density လည္း မတူညီၾကေပ။
ထုိကဲ့သုိ႔ ေလသည္ ေရာက္ရွိသည့္ေနရာကို လုိက္၍ ဖိအား(pressures) ၊ အပူခ်ိန္(temperatures) ႏွင့္

volume)တုိ႔ ေျပာင္းလဲေနသည္အခါ သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည့္ fan ကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္အတြက္ အခက္အခဲမ်ားႏွင့္
ရင္ဆုိင္ ရေလ့ရွိသည္။ System ၏ ဖိအား(total pressure) ႏွင့္ ေရြးခ်ယ္မည့္ fan ၏ ဖိအား(total pressure)
ကို ညီေအာင္ ေရြးခ်ယ္
၆.၁၆.၂ Two Fans in Parallel (Fan (parallel

Fan in parallel operation ဆုိသည္မွာ ႏွစ္လံုးထက္ပိုေသာ fan မ်ားကို ေဘးျခင္းယွဥ္ၿပီး
ၿပိဳင္တူေမာင္းျခင္း(blowing together side by side ဆုိလုိသည္။ ေလခုခံအား မရွိသည့္ free delivery
အေျခအေနမ်ိဳးတြင္ fan ႏွစ္လုံး ေမာင္းေသာေၾကာင့္ (volume flow) ႏွစ္ဆ ရရွိႏုိင္ေသာ္လည္း
(system resistance)မ်ားလာေလ ရရွိႏုိင္ေသာ (volume flow) နည္းလာေလ ျဖစ္သည္။
ေလခုခံအား နည္းသည့္(low resistance) system မ်ားသည္ ၿပိဳင္ဆက္ပံုစံ(fan in parallel)ႏွင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္
သည္။ Plenum box မ်ားျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္သည္ ၿပိဳင္ဆက္(fans in parallel)ပံုစံကို အမ်ားဆံုး ေတြ႔ရေလ့ ရွိသည္။
6-47
Fans in parallel အတြက္ fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီကုိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္ ပိုမိုလြယ္ကူသည္။ System ၏

႔ total pressure သည္ fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ ႔ total pressure ျဖစ္သည္။ System ၏
total flow rate ကို တပ္ဆင္မည့္ fan အေရအတြက္ႏွင့္ စားလ်ွင္ fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ (flow
rate)ကို ရသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္ (parallel တပ္ဆင္ရန္ fan မ်ားကို ေရြးသည့္အခါ system တစ္ခုလံုး၏
ခုခံအား(resistance)သည္ fan curve တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီ၏ stable ျဖစ္သည့္ ေနရာတြင္ အခ်ိန္တုိင္း (
loading ျဖစ္ပါေစ) ေရာက္ရွိေနရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
F (unequal loading
၌ P unequal) velocity profile
၆-၆ Vane axial fans in parallel and double width centrifugal fans in parallel.
၆-၇၀ Characteristic for two fans in parallel
6-48
၆-၇၁ ၆-၇၂
၆.၁၆.၃ Additional Consideration

System တစ္ခုတြင္ တစ္လုံးထက္ပိုသည္ fan မ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ အခါမ်ိဳး၌ fan တစ္ လံုးတည္းသာ
ေမာင္းသည့္ အေျခအေန သုိ႔မဟုတ္ fan ႏွစ္လံုး သုိ႔မဟုတ္ သံုးလံုး သုိ႔မဟုတ္ fan အားလံုးေမာင္းသည့္အခါ
စသည့္ အေျခအေနအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို ထည့္သြင္းစဥ္းစားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။ ထုိအျပင္ fan တစ္လံုး ပ်က္သည့္အခါ၊
ျပဳျပင္ လုိသည့္အခါ၊ fan မ်ားကို စတင္ေမာင္း(start-up)သည့္အခါ စသည့္ အေျခအေန အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို ထည့္သြင္း
စဥ္းစားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ system curve ႏွင့္ fan curve သည္ stable operating point တစ္ေနရာတြင္
ဆံုၾကသည့္အခါ(intersect)၌ fan မ်ားကို စတင္ေမာင္းသည့္(start-up)အခါျဖစ္ေစ သို႔မဟုတ္ အဆက္မျပတ္
ေမာင္းသည့္အခါျဖစ္ေစ(continuous operation) မည့္သည့္ ျပႆနာမွ မျဖစ္ေပၚႏုိင္ေပ။
Centrifugal fan မ်ား သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ကို တစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ start-up
လုပ္ႏုိင္သည္။ VSD သို႔မဟုတ္ soft starter မ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားလ်ွင္ fan အားလံုးကို တစ္ၿပိဳင္နက္ စတင္ေမာင္း
ႏုိင္သည္။ Fan ကုိ စတင္ေမာင္း (start-up)ေနစဥ္ ႔ damper မ်ားကို
ပိတ္ထားျခင္းသည္ အေကာင္းဆံုးနည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိသုိ႔ စတင္ေမာင္း (start-up)ေနစဥ္
သုိ႔မဟုတ္ damper မ်ားကို ပိတ္ထားၿပီး လုိအပ္ေသာ (speed) သုိ႔မဟုတ္ full speed ႔ေရာက္မွသာ
ဖြင့္ျခင္းျဖင့္ စြမ္းအင္(horsepower) လုိအပ္မႈကို ေလ်ာ့နည္းေစသည္။ စေမာင္းေနစဥ္ ျဖစ္ေပၚသည့္ starting
ampere ကို ေလ်ွာ့နည္းေစသည္။
Variable pitch vane axials အထစ္မ်ား(dips) ရွိေနတတ္သည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္
စတင္ေမာင္းသည့္အခါတြင္ blade pitch angle မ်ားကို ေလ်ွာ့ခ်သင့္သည္။ လိုအပ္ေသာ (speed)သုိ႔
ေရာက္ေသာ အခါမွသာ blade pitch angle ကို ျပန္ဖြင့္ရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။ အေကာင္းဆံုးေသာ နည္းသည္ ရွိသမ်ွ
multiple fan မ်ား ၏ blade pitch angle မ်ားကို ပိတ္ၿပီး fan တစ္လံုးခ်င္းကို start up)ပါ။ Fan မ်ား
အားလံုး အရွိန္ရၿပီးေနာက္ blade pitch angle မ်ားကို ျပန္ဖြင့္ရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။
Fans in parallel မ်ားတြင္ ေမာင္းေနသည့္ fan မွ ေလမ်ားသည္ မေမာင္းသည့္ fan ထဲသ႔ုိ
မဝင္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ရန္ isolation damper မ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။ ထုိသုိ႔ isolation damper မ်ား
တပ္ဆင္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ shock during start-up) ျပႆနာကိုလည္း ဖယ္ရွား
ႏုိင္သည္။
၆.၁၆.၄ Isolation Damper အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ား

Blower wheel အတြင္းသုိ႔ ေလမ်ား ႏွစ္ဘက္စလံုးမွ ဝင္သည့္(double width) centrifugal fan
မ်ားအတြက္ ႔ opposed-blade control damper မ်ားကို isolation damper အျဖစ္
6-49
အသံုးျပဳရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည္။ Butterfly damper မ်ားသည္ tubular inline fans ( ၊

mixed flow)တြင္ အမ်ားဆံုး ေတြ႔ရေလ့ရွိသည္။
Parallel fan မ်ားအတြက္ isolation damper မ်ားကို fan ၏ (upstream ျဖစ္ေစ၊ downstream
ျဖစ္ေစ) အေဝးဆံုးေနရာတြင္ ေတြ႔ရေလ့ ရွိသည္။ ထုိသုိ႔ အေဝးဆံုးေနရာတြင္ ထားရွိျခင္းသည္ damper
ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚေသာ e loss)ကုိ နည္းႏုိင္သမ်ွ နည္းေအာင္ ရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။
Equipment အားလံုးကို ထိန္းသိမ္းျခင္း(maintenance)ႏွင့္ ျပင္ဆင္ျခင္း(repair)

လုိအပ္သည္။ Fans in parallel တြင္ fan တစ္လံုးပ်က္သည့္ တုိင္ေအာင္ တျခားေသာ fan မ်ားကို
ေမာင္းႏုိင္ေအာင္ isolation တပ္ဆင္ထားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။ Isolation damper မ်ား တပ္ဆင္
ထားျခင္းျဖင့္ parallel fan တစ္လံုးက ျပင္ဆင္ေနခ်ိန္တြင္ အျခား fan တစ္လံုးသည္ ဆက္လက္ ေမာင္းေန
ႏုိင္သည္။ (serie အေနျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ fan တစ္လံုးသည္ ေမာင္းေနခ်ိန္၌ အျခား fan
တစ္လံုးကို ျပဳျပင္ရန္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေပ။
၆.၁၆. Review
၆-၇၃ Series Vs Parallel performance

အထက္ပါ ပံု(၆-၇၃) အရ high resistance system သို႔မဟုတ္ high impedance system မ်ားသည္
2 fan in series ႏွင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည္။ Low resistance system သို႔မဟုတ္ low impedance system
မ်ားသည္ fan in paralle ႏွင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည္။
System တစ္ခုတြင္ တစ္လံုးထက္ပိုသည့္(multiple) fan မ်ား series ျဖစ္ေစ
သို႔မဟုတ္ ၿပိဳင္ဆက္(parallel) ျဖစ္ေစ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္အခါ ေအာက္ပါ ေမးခြန္းမ်ားျဖင့္ စစ္ေဆးရန္
လိုအပ္သည္။
( ) System တစ္ခုလံုး၏ (air flow)ႏွင့္ ဖိအား(pressure) လုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားသည္ fan မ်ား

တစ္ခုခ်င္း သို႔မဟုတ္ အားလံုးတစ္ၿပိဳင္နက္ ေမာင္းသည့္ အခါ curve ၏ stab တြင္ ရွိ၊
မရွိ စစ္ေဆးရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
( ) Fan မ်ား၏ အေရအတြက္ ႏွင့္ ေမာ္တာလုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ား ကိုက္ညီမႈ ရွိ၊ မရွိ စစ္ေဆးရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
(ဂ) Isolation damper မ်ားသည္ fan မ်ား စေမာင္းရန္(start up) ႏွင့္ ရပ္နားရန္(shut down) ေသခ်ာစြာ
ဒီဇုိင္းလုပ္ထားျခင္း ရွိ၊ မရွိ စစ္ေဆးရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
(ဃ) leakage)ထက္ ပိုမ်ားျခင္း ရွိ၊မရွိ စစ္ေဆးရန္ လိုအပ္သည္။ System
တစ္ခုလံုး၏ လုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားသည္ operating condition အားလံုးႏွင့္ ကိုက္ညီမႈ ရွိ၊ မရွိ စစ္ေဆးရန္
လုိအပ္သည္။
( ) Fan မ်ား တစ္လံုးခ်င္း ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ အားလံုး ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေမာင္းသည္ အခ်ိန္တြင္
လက္ခံႏုိင္သည္ အသံဆူညံမႈအဆင့္ ထက္ပိုမ်ားေစရန္ စစ္ေဆးရမည္။
6-50
၆-၇၄ 2 fans in series 2 fans in paralle
၆.၁၇ ေလ၏ သိပ္သည္းဆ Fan P
fan performance) (density effects on

fan performance) Fan မ်ားသည္ constant volume machine မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ေလ၏
သိပ္သည္းဆ(density) မည္မ်ွပင္ ျဖစ္ပါေစ တူညီေသာ CFM သုိ႔မဟုတ္ CMH ကို ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္သည္။ တစ္နည္း
အားျဖင့္ ေလ၏ သိပ္သည္းဆ မတူညီျခင္းေၾကာင့္ mass flow rate သာ ေျပာင္းလဲသည္။ Volume flow rate
မေျပာင္းလဲေပ။
Fan မ်ားသည္ constant mass flow machine မ်ား မဟုတ္ပါ။ Mass flow သည္ ေလ၏
သိပ္သည္းဆ(density)ကို လုိက္၍ ေျပာင္းလဲေနသည္။ ထုိအခ်က္သည္ မတူညီသည့္ အျမင့္(altitude)တြင္
ေမာင္းမည့္ equipment မ်ား အတြက္ အလြန္ အေရးႀကီးသည္။
Standard density of Air

I-P = 0.075 lb/ft3
Metric = 1.201 kg/m3

SI = 1.201 kg/m3
၆-၇
6-51
၆-၇၆ Effects of Altitude on Air Density Ratio
Mass flow သည္ ေလ၏ သိပ္သည္းဆ(density)ကို လုိက္၍ တိုက္႐ုိကေျပာင္းလဲ ေနသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္

volume flow(CFM) အျမဲ တူညီေနသည္။ AHU မ်ားအတြက္ ေလ၏ သိပ္သည္းဆနည္း(density decreased)
သညႏွင့္အမ်ွ mass flow ေလ်ွာ့နည္းလာသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ effective cooling capacity သိသိသာသာ
ေလ်ွာ့နည္း လိမ့္မည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လိုအပ္ေသာ cooling အတြက္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ mass flow ရရွိရန္
လုိအပ္သည္။
၆-၇၇ (air density)
6-52
Fan constant volume (machines

(air density) ၊ (rotational
speed) (volume flow)
(volumetric flow)
႔ (air density)
(air density) mass flow (power consumption)
(air density) mass flow
Standard air density ၂၀% fan (pressure)

(system resistance) ၂၀% ႔ (volume
flow rate) ႔ mass flow rate ၂၀% F
(high temperature operation) ၊
(high altitude) (air density)
၆.၁၈ Noise Consideration
Centrifugal fan (noise) (low frequencies

noise) Axial fan (high
frequency noise) (low frequencies noise)
႔ centrifugal fan
႔ higher frequencies noise

(low frequencies
(speed) axial flow fan
centrifugal fan
(sound level) volume) Pressure
(performance) ႔
fan peak efficiency (sound level)

Stall conditioning (sound level)
Fan (sound level) system (noise)

႔ (alternation)
A duct ႔
၆-၇၈ Sound attenuator (splitter) ၆-၇ Sound attenuator (in line)
6-53
၆-၈၀ General comparison of noise ၆-၈၁ Noise compared to peak efficiency

Axial fan high frequency m
duct inline attenuator Splitter attenuator
၆.၁ Fan Selection Criteria

Fan ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္အတြက္ လုိအပ္ေသာ အဓိက အခ်က္မ်ား (fan selection criteria)
Fan တစ္လံုး သုိ႔မဟုတ္ fan system တစ္ခုကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္အတြက္ ေအာက္ပါ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို
အေလးေပး စဥ္းစာရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။
(၁) Air volume required - CFM ( ) Fan type
(၂) System resistance - SP (၁၀) Drive type(Direct or Belt)
(၃) Air density(Altitude and Temperature) (၁၁) Noise criteria
(၄) Type of service (၁၂) Number of fans
( ) Environment type (၁၃) Discharge
(၆) Materials/vapors to be exhausted (၁၄) Rotation
(၇) Operation temperature (၁ ) Motor position
(၈) Space limitations (၁၆) Expected fan life in years
၆.၂၀ (Multiple Choise Questions)
1. The parameter used by ASME to define fans, blowers and

compressors is__________.
(a) Fan ratio (b) Specific ratio (c) Blade ratio (d) Twist factor
2.
Which of the following axial fan types is most efficient?
(a) Propeller (b) Tube axial (c) Vane axial (d) Radial
3.
Which of the following is not a centrifugal fan type?
(a) Vane axial (b) Radial (c) Airfoil, backward (d) Forward
curved
6-54
4. Match the following for centrifugal fan types.
Type Suitable for

(a) Backward curved (i) High pressure, medium flow
(b) Forward curved (ii) Medium pressure, high flow
(c) Radial (iii) High pressure, high flow
5. For fans, the relation between discharge and speed is

indicated by____
6. The choice of fan type for a given application depends on
(a) Flow (b) Static Pressure (c) Both a & b (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
7. The efficiency of backward curved fans compared to forward curved fans is__
(a) Higher (b) Lower (c) Same (d) None
8.
Name the fan which is more suitable for high pressure application?
(a) Propeller type fans (b) Tube-axial fans
(c) Backward curved centrifugal fan (d) None of the above

9.
Axial fans are best suitable for _________________ application.
(a) Large flow, low head (b) Low flow, high head
(b) High head, large flow (d) Low flow, low head
10. The efficiency of forward curved fans compared to backward curved fans is ____
(a) lower (b) higher (c) same (d) none
11. The efficiency values of Vane axial fans are in the order of:
(a) 78 – 85% (b) 60 – 70% (c) 90 – 95% (d) 50 – 60%
12.
Backward curved fans have efficiency in the range of:
(a) 65 – 70% (b) 75– 85% (c) 90 – 95% (d) 50 – 60%
13. The pressure to be considered for calculating the power required for centrifugal fans is:
(a) Discharge static pressure (b) Static + dynamic pressure
(c) Total static pressure (d) Static + ambient air pressure
6-55
14. Typical design efficiency of aerofoil fan handling clean air is:
(a) 40 to 50% (b) 80 to 90% (c) 60 to 70% (d) 70 to 80%
15.
The clearance required for efficient operation of impeller of 1 meter plus diameter in
Radial type fans is ___________.
(a) 5 to 10 mm (b) 1 to 2 mm (c) 20 to 30 mm (d) 0.5 to 1.5 mm
16.
Which type of control gives maximum benefits for fan application from energy saving
point of view?
(a) Discharge damper control (b) Inlet guide vane control
(c) Variable pitch control (d) Speed control
17.
The pressure along the line of the flow that results from the air flowing through the duct
is ______________.
(a) Static pressure (b) Velocity pressure (c) Total pressure (d) Dynamic pressure
18.
The outer tube of the pitot tube is used to measure __________________.
(a) Static pressure (b) Velocity pressure (c) Total pressure (d) Dynamic pressure
19
Axial-flow fans are equipped with ________________.
(a) Fixed blades (b) Curved blades (c) Flat blades (d) variable pitch blades
20 The ratio of maximum to minimum flow rate is called -

(a) turn – up ratio (b) turn-down ratio (c) up-down ratio (d) None
21 The density of a gas at a temperature of 50 deg. C at site condition is _____________.

(a) 0.94 kg/m3 (b) 1.2 kg/m3 (c) 1.5 kg/m3 (d) 1.4 kg/m3
Questions and Answers
Q1. ‘ entrifuga ‘A ႔
In centrifugal fans, pressure is developed due to the centrifugal force imparted to air,
unlike axial flow fans where velocity energy is imparted to air, which in turn is converted
to pressure energy at the fan outlet.
Q2. H f
Centrifugal fans are suitable for high pressure applications as compared to axial flow fans.
Q3. Under which conditions of pressure ratios and volumes, low speed fans are preferred?
Low speed fans are preferred for low pressure ratios and large volumes.
6-56
Q4. fan
A very conservative approach is adopted allocating large safety margins, resulting in

oversized fans, which operate at flow rates much below their design values and
consequently which leads to operate at very poor efficiency.
Q5. (type)
Radial, forward curved and backward inclined fans.

Q6. F (advantages)
Forward curved fans have the advantage of lower shut off power, which is desirable for
low flow rate operation.
Q7. ၤFan performance) housing
(type)
Performance ‘
Q8. (control)
a. Changing pulley ratio for drive and driven equipments.

b. Variable frequency drive variable speed fluid coupling.
Q9. Fan application ၌ ႔ energy saving opportunities (
1. Change of impeller by a high efficiency impeller along with cone.

2. Change of fan assembly as a whole, by a high efficiency fan
3. Impeller de-rating(by a smaller diameter impeller)
4. Fan speed reduction by pulley diameter modifications for de-rating
5. Option of two speed motors or variable speed drives for variable duty conditions
6. Option of energy efficient flat belts, or, cogged raw edged V belts, in place of
conventional V belt systems, for reducing transmission losses.
7. Adopting inlet guide vanes in place of discharge damper control
8. Minimizing system resistance and pressure drops by improvements in duct system
Q10. Fan performance) speed ၊ power ၊ pressure ႔
affinity laws
The affinity laws governing fan performance is given below:
Flow x speed Pressure x (speed)2 Power x (speed)3
6-57
Q11. ” ” ႔
Speed control Guide vane control
The flow is varied in accordance with the The flow is varied by guiding the inlet air
process requirement by changing the speed of into the fan in the direction of impeller
the fan. rotation in accordance with the process
requirement.
Q12. Fan (sizing) main factor)
The following are the factors considered for fan sizing:

1. Flow requirement in m3/hr
2. Pressure drop
3. Power requirement
4. Density of flowing gas at the site condition
Q13. Fan performance) (factors)
The main factors affecting the performance of fans are flow, pressure, temperature,
speed and damper positions on the fan side and the power input in KW on the motor
side.
Q.14 ႔ F axial fan A
When the flow of air(or)fluid is parallel to the axis of the fan it is called an axial fan.
Application areas of axial fans are: HVAC, drying ovens, exhaust system
Q.15. R
Radial type of centrifugal fans is used at high pressure, medium flow conditions.
Example. Dust laden, moist air/gas in textile industry.

Q16. ‘
B -
(a) High pressure generation
(b) High efficiency
(c) Power reduction with increased flow
Q17. F ‘
6-58
Inlet guide vane control is one type of capacity control of fans. The inlet guide vanes are
designed to guide the inlet air into the fan in the direction of impeller rotation and,
therefore, improve performance, resulting in somewhat better energy efficiency than
damper controlled operation.
Q18. F (temperature variations
Variation in flue gas temperature will change the density of the gas given by a formula,
Gas density = (273 x 1.29)/(273 + t°C). Density of gas is important consideration, since
it affects both volume flow-rate and capacity of the fan to develop pressure.
Q29. F selection) (temperature)
1. Ambient temperatures, both the minimum and maximum are to be specified to

the supplier. This affects the choice of the material of construction of the impeller.
2. Density of gas at different temperatures at fan outlet has to be considered while

designing the fan. The volume of the gas to be handled by the fan depends on
temperature.
A H
AH b s
t
6-59
Fan Motor Specification

fan(blower)
Blower type / Blade = DIDW / BACKWARD
Double Inlet Double Width (DIDW)
blower Single Inlet Single Width
(SISW) air b B
forward curve ၊ rad rackward c
Wheel diameter/ Frame (mm) 800 / K

wheel diameter (၈၀၀)
Discharge (Rear)
AH (discharge)
R top d ႔ R
b AH
b AH ႔
Air Volume CFM (CMH) 28,249(48,000)

AH air volume) 28 2 F ႔ 8
H Volume Flow Rate”
Total Pressure in. WG (Pa) 2.83(707)

AHU b ႔ peforme total pressure)
2.83 inch of water column ႔ P total p
l Total pressu mixing box loss ၊ cooling coil pressure drop ၊
filter pressure d
ESP / TSP in. Wg(Pa) 1.40(350)/ 2.41(603)

P External Static Pressure” P Total Static Pressure”
AHU b external static pressure 1.40 inch of water

column ႔ 3 P Total Static Pressure 2 inch of water column ႔
3 P AHU b mixing box
loss ၊ ressure drop ၊ filter pressure drop
p External/total static pressure ၊ supply air grill and
d damper l
Altitude / Temperature 0(0)/ 68.9(20.5)

AHU
6-60
FAN RPM = 1019

AH shaft) (၁၀၁ )
Motor type / Pole TEFC - IP55 / 4

F F F
IP55 (protection against solid and Liquid)
First digit: Second digit:

IP
Ingress of solid objects Ingress of liquids
0 No protection No protection
Protected against solid objects over Protected against vertically falling drops of
1
50mm e.g. hands, large tools. water or condensation.
Protected against solid objects over Protected against falling drops of water, if
2
12.5mm e.g. hands, large tools. the case is disposed up to 15 from vertical.
Protected against sprays of water from any
Protected against solid objects over
3 direction, even if the case is disposed up to
2.5mm e.g. wire, small tools.
60from vertical.
Protected against solid objects over Protected against splash water from any
4
1.0mm e.g. wires. direction.
Protected against low pressure water jets
Limited protection against dust ingress.
5 from any direction. Limited ingress
(no harmful deposit)
permitted.
Protected against high pressure water jets
6 Totally protected against dust ingress. from any direction. Limited ingress
permitted.
Protected against short periods of immersion
7 N/A
in water.
Protected against long, durable periods of
8 N/A
immersion in water.
Absorbed fan/ Motor Power kW 13.50 / 16.20

A P AHU b AHU b
belt d slip t
႔ absorbed p AH
AH 3 motor power) 2
Recommended motor kW 18.50

R 8 size) AH
motor power 2 2 ႔
6-61
8 r 8 22
႔ ecommendation” ႔
motor
size) 3.0 kW ၊ 4.0 kW ၊ 5.5 kW ၊ 7.5 kW ၊ 11.0 kW ၊ 15.0 kW ၊ 18.5 kW 22 ႔
Motor safety allowance % 20

၂၀
Electrical Supply V-ph-Hz 380-415 V / 3ph / 50 Hz
AH electrical power supply
(၃၈၀) ၄၁ ႔ H 3 phase s
L
Inlet In-Duct Sound PWR dB(A) 93
Inlet In-Duct Sound PWR dB 125 Hz 95
Per Octiave Band Unit 250 / 500 Hz 91 / 94
1k / 2k Hz 88 / 82
4k / 8k Hz 75 / 66
Fan Discharge Velocity m/s 13.15

AH discharge velocity) 3
Total fan efficiency (% 69.79)

Fan(blower) otal fan efficiency
Transmission Specification
Pulley type/ Grooves = SPB / 2
Pulley (2 Grooves) SPB Pulley
Fan / Motor pulley Ø mm 335 / 236

Fan (blower) iameter 33
diameter 236mm
(၁၄ ၀ fan(blower) ၁၀၂၁)
(
Belt length mm 2000

Fan (Blower) (belt)
2
-End-
6-62

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႔ Chapter-6 Fans and Blowers

Chapter - 6 Fans and Blowers

(ventilation ၊ (quality)၊ (temperature)

၆.၁ Total Pressure ၊ Static Pressure and Velocity Pressure

Velocity pressure static p total pressure Static pressure

difference) vertical difference) i

၆-၁ ၆-၂ No Air flow

Pitot tube velocity pressure

၆-၃ Static pressure ၆-၃ Total pressure ၆-၃ ဂ Velocity pressure

၆-၃(ဂ) Pitot tube total pressure

Velocity pressure duct (velocity) ဏ

Velocity (fpm) Velocity Pressure” in of

၆.၂ Positive Pressure Duct and Negative Pressure Duct

၆-၄ Static Pressure Total Pressure Velocity Pressure

၆- negative static pressure negative total pressure

Negative pressure d ၊ positive pressure d ၊ velo

၆-၆ ၊ Static pressure Velocity pressure

(၆-၇) axial fan centrifugal fan ႔၌ velocity profile

၆-၇ Duct velocity profile

(၁) Fan outlet velocity 2,500 fpm

၆.၄ Fan ႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္ ေဝါဟာရမ်ား

Velocity Pressure ထြက္ေနသည့္ေလ၏ (pressure)

Fan-inlet area Inlet collar ၏ ဧရိယာ ျဖစ္သည္။

TP = Total Pressure(standard conditions) ATP = Actual Total Pressure

Fan standard air condition (operate)

ACFM = Actual ft3/min and BHP = Break Horse Power

၆. .၁ Fan Pressure and Velocity Relationship

air stream) pressure)

၌ 40°F (density 62.4 lb/ft3 W

sea level, standard air condition 0.075 lb/ft3) Fan

Direct driven fan

၁) Impeller loss (heat)

၂) Motor loss (heat) ႔

၆-၁၀ Direct driven fan

၆.၆ Fan အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ား

၆-၁၁ Centrifugal Fan ၆-၁၂ Axial Fan

၆.၆.၁ Fan ႏွင့္ Blower တုိ႔၏ ျခားနားခ်က္

၆.၆.၂ Fan Rating (Class)

Fan ထုတ္လုပ္သူမ်ား(manufacturer)၏ သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္အရ ပင္လယ္ေရမ်က္ႏွာျပင္(sea level)

Fan ထုတ္လုပ္သူမ်ား(fan manufacturer)ေပးသည့္ centrifugal fan ၏ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္

ဥပမာ အပူခ်ိန္ 200°F(93°C)ေလသည္ 70°F(21°C)တြင္ ရွိေသာ ေလအေလးခ်ိန္(weight ၈၀%

Fan Fan Classes)

Fan ၏ total pressure 3 3/4 လက္မ(water column)ထက္နည္းလ်ွင္ “ ” ဟု

ေအာက္ပါ ဇယားသည္ Air Movement and Control Association International (AMCA)

၆-၁၃ Class of fan construction

Total pressure မ်ားလာေလ fan တည္ေဆာက္ထားပံု အဆင့္အတန္း(fan class of construction)

၆.၆.၃ Overloading Fan and Non Overloading Fan

၆.၇ Axial Fan

Axial Fan - မ်ား၌ ေလထြက္ရာ(discharge)လမ္းေၾကာင္း ႏွင့္ ေလဝင္ရာလမ္းေၾကာင္း တုိ႔သည္

၆-၁၄ Forces on a flat plate in a moving ၆-၁ Forces on an aerofoil in a moving

Axial fan မ်ားကို ေလထုထည္မ်ားမ်ား(high volume) ႏွင့္ ဖိအားနိမ့္နိမ့္(low pressure)ရရန္ လုိအပ္သည့္

၆-၂၄ Hub and Blade ၆-၂ Pitch Angle

၆.၇.၂ Axial Fan Impeller Design

ေမာ္တာမွ စက္မႈစြမ္းအား (mechanical power)သည္ ေလ(fluid) သုိ႔ velocity pressure အျဖစ္

၆.၇.၃ Axial Fan (Performance)

Blade pitch angle (air flow) (power

Axial fan ၌ aerodynamic stal (peak pressure)

႔ Air flow သည္

၆-၂၇ Centrifugal fan ႔