57

CHAPTER 4
COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS RESULTS

4.1. General
In this study, the proposed reinforced concrete building is analyzed with basic
wind speed 90 mph under static analysis and ACI 318-99 guidelines in order to meet
the design member sizes of the frame elements that are same as the assumed member
sizes. After that the proposed building is statically analyzed with cyclone wind speeds
such as 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph respectively, the analysis results such as
failed members, storey data are compared only under wind load case. And then
member forces for selected beams and columns are also compared.

4.2. Analysis Results of Proposed Building

Firstly, the proposed building is analyzed with basic wind speed 95mph. The
proposed building is satisfied with design basic wind speed 95 mph according to
structural stability criteria. Then, the proposed building is also analyzed with other
wind speed such as 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph respectively. These wind speed
are the highest wind speed of each cyclone categories. In this analysis, 648 beams and
116 columns are failed under three wind speeds.
The analysis result for structural stability of four wind speed are compared and
storey data are compared due to wind load in X and Y direction. The storey data are
consist of storey drift ratio, storey shear and storey moment and member forces
consist of axial force, shear force, bending moment and torsion respectively. Then,
member forces for selected members are also compared due to wind loads in X and Y
direction. In the comparison of member forces, three numbers of columns and two
numbers of beams are chosen because maximum member forces are occurred in these
members. These selected columns are corner column (C41), interior column (C63),
and exterior column (C2). The locations of the selected beams are interior beam in X
direction (B52) and interior beam in Y direction (B172). Their location plans are
shown in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2.
 55

C2

C63

C 41
Figure 4.1. Location of Selected Columns

B 52

B 172

Figure 4.2. Location of Selected Beams

4.3. Comparison of Failed Members

In this study, the proposed building is initially analyzed with basic wind speed
of 95 mph. And then, this model is also analyzed with three different wind speeds
 56

(110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph) in order to know wind effects on the building.
Failed members are compared for different design wind speed without changing
frame member sizes. When the design wind speed of building is increased, many
members are failed and the building is not satisfied with structural stability criteria.
The whole structure is composed of 1029 beams and 620columns. In wind speed 110
mph, 49 numbers of beams are failed. And then, 178 beams and 25 columns are failed
in 130 mph and 421 beams and 91 columns in 155 mph. It can be observed that local
failure is mostly found the wind speed at 110 mph but global failure is mostly found
between the wind speed at 130 mph and 155 mph in accordance with these
comparisons. So, numbers of failed members are summarized in Table 4.1 and total
failure percentages of failed members are described in Table 4.2. Moreover,
percentages of failed members are graphically represented in Figure 4.3 and Figure
4.4.

Table 4.1. Comparison for Numbers of Failed Members

Numbers of Failed Members

Storey Failed Beams Failed Columns

95 110 130 155 95 110 130 155
mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph
ROOF - - - - - - - -
12F - - - - - - - -
11F - - - - - - - -
10F - - 2 2 - - - -
9F - 2 2 4 - - - -
8F - 2 2 7 - - - -
7F - 2 2 12 - - - 1
6F - 2 5 28 - - - 10
5F - 2 9 46 - - - -
4F - 3 15 63 - - - 4
3F - 5 24 69 - - 1 11
2F - 8 39 72 - - - 3
1F - 15 57 74 - - 3 16
GF - 8 21 44 - - 21 47
Total
- 49 178 421 - - 25 91
Fail no
Table 4.2. Comparison for Total Failure Percentage of Failed Members
 57

Wind Speed Failure Total Total

Type Fail no
(mph) (%) Failure no Failure (%)

Beam 0 0
0 0
95 mph
column 0 0

Beam 49 4.76
49 2.97
110 mph
column 0 0

Beam 178 17.3

203 12.3
130 mph
column 25 4.03

Beam 421 40.91

155 mph 512 31.05
column 91 14.68

45.00%
40.91%
40.00%

35.00%
Failed Members (%)

30.00%

25.00%
Beam
20.00% column
17.30%
14.68%
15.00%

10.00%
4.76% 4.03%
5.00%
0.00%0.00% 0.00%
0.00%
95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

Wind Speed (mph)

Figure 4.3 Comparison on Percentage of Failed Beams and Columns

 58

35.00%
Wind Speed (mph)
31.05%
30.00%

25.00%
Total Failed (%)

20.00%

Total failed
15.00%
12.30%

10.00%

5.00%
2.97%
0.00%
0.00%
95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

Figure 4.4. Total Failure Percentage of Failed Members (Beams and Columns)

4.4. Comparison of Analysis Results for Structural Stability

The structural stability of the proposed building with four different wind
speeds are compared in Table 4.3. In this comparison, the stability checking for the
proposed building is satisfied within allowable limits for wind speeds 95 mph and 110
mph. In wind speed 130 mph, the resisting to sliding and storey drift are not satisfied
in Y direction because it is exceed the allowable limit. In wind speed 155 mph, the
resisting to sliding is not satisfied in both direction and storey drift is not satisfied in
Y direction. The comparison of overturning moment, torsional irregularity and P-∆
effect are satisfied for all wind speeds. It can be found that the structural is stable for
wind speeds 95 mph and 110 mph.

Table 4.3. Comparison of Analysis Results for Structural Stability

95 mph 110 mph 130 mph Limit

155 mph
Checking
X Y X Y X Y X Y
 59

Resisting to SF=
SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=
2.62 > 1.5
Sliding 3.522 2.286 1.705 1.881 1.221 1.323 0.859
7

Table 4.3. (Continued)

95 mph 110 mph 130 mph Limit

155 mph
Checcking
X Y X Y X Y X Y

Overturning SF=
SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=
6.99 > 1.5
Moment 9.377 4.108 3.064 5.007 2.194 3.522 1.543
4
SF=
SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=
Storey Drift 1.24
0.927 2.029 2.720 1.737 3.799 2.468 5.402
3 < 2.88
Torsional SF=
SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=
1.12
Irregularity 1.123 1.191 1.191 1.123 1.191 1.123 1.191
3 < 1.2
SF=
SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=
P-∆ Effect 0.02
0.026 0.037 0.037 0.026 0.037 0.026 0.037
6 < 0.1

4.5. Comparison of Analysis Results for Storey Data

Various wind loadings are considered in this study because this study is
emphasized on the investigation of the structural responses due to only wind load
case. In this study, the highest values of each cyclone categories are considered. To
investigate the effect of higher wind speeds, analysis results for story data such as
storey drift ratio, storey shear and storey moment are compared only due to wind load
case in both X and Y directions.
.
4.5.1. Comparison of Storey Drift Ratio
Storey drift ratio of the proposed twelve-storeyed reinforced concrete building
due to four different wind speeds for X direction and Y direction are described in
Table 4.4and Table 4.5 respectively. Moreover, these storey drift ratio are graphically
represented in Figure 4.5 and Figure 4.6 for both directions.

Table 4.4. Comparison of Storey Drift Ratio in X Direction due to WX

 60

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 0.000561 0.000752 0.00105 0.001493
12F 0.000526 0.000705 0.000985 0.001400
Table 4.4. (Continued)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

11F 0.000706 0.000947 0.001323 0.001880

10F 0.000886 0.001188 0.00166 0.002359

9F 0.001007 0.001349 0.001885 0.002679

8F 0.000951 0.001275 0.00178 0.002531

7F 0.001083 0.001452 0.002028 0.002883

6F 0.001225 0.001642 0.002294 0.003261

5F 0.001128 0.001512 0.002111 0.003002

4F 0.001231 0.00165 0.002305 0.003276

3F 0.001325 0.001776 0.002481 0.003527

2F 0.001262 0.001691 0.002362 0.003358

1F 0.001672 0.002242 0.003132 0.004452

GF 0.00124 0.001662 0.002321 0.003300
 61

0.01

0
Storey Drift Ratio (in)

0
95 mph
0 110 mph
130 mph
0 155 mph
0

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.5. Comparison of Storey Drift Ratio in X Direction due to WX

Table 4.5. Comparison of Storey Drift Ratio in Y Direction due to WY

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 0.000618 0.000829 0.001158 0.001646
12F 0.000979 0.001312 0.001832 0.002605
11F 0.001368 0.001834 0.002562 0.003642
10F 0.001758 0.002357 0.003292 0.00468
9F 0.002091 0.002803 0.003915 0.005566
8F 0.002019 0.002706 0.00378 0.005373
7F 0.002356 0.003159 0.004413 0.006273
6F 0.002687 0.003602 0.005031 0.007153
5F 0.002557 0.003428 0.004788 0.006807
4F 0.002806 0.003762 0.005254 0.007469
3F 0.003059 0.004101 0.005727 0.008142
2F 0.00303 0.004062 0.005674 0.008066
1F 0.00366 0.004907 0.006854 0.009744
GF 0.002403 0.003222 0.0045 0.006397
 62

0.01

0.01
Storey Drift Ratio (in)

0.01

95 mph
0.01 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
0

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey level
Figure 4.6. Comparison of Storey Drift Ratio in Y Direction due to WY
According to Table 4.4, 4.5 and Figure 4.5, 4.6, minimum storey drift ratios
are occurred at twelve-storeyed and the maximum storey drift ratios are found at the
storey 1 for proposed building in both directions. These storey drift ratios are
gradually decreased to the upper stories. It can be observed that there is no particular
changing of storey drift between the wind speed 95 mph to 110 mph but it is found
obviously between the wind speed at 130 mph and 155 mph for both directions. At
storey 1, maximum storey drift ratios are 0.004169 in X direction and 0.009744 in Y
direction for design wind speed 155 mph. The values are approximately increased
1.34 times form 95 mph to 110 mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66
times from 95 mph to 155 mph in both directions.

4.5.2. Comparison of Storey Shear

In this section, storey shear for the proposed twelve-storeyed reinforced
concrete building with static analysis for four different wind speeds for both X and Y
directions are summarized in Table 4.6 and Table 4.7 respectively. They are also
shown in Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.8 graphically.

Table 4.6. Comparison of Storey Shear in X Direction (kips) due to WX

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

 63

ROOF 6.67 8.95 12.5 17.77

12F 31.55 42.3 59.08 83.98
11F 67.95 91.1 127.24 180.89
10F 103.36 138.57 193.54 275.14
9F 138.76 186.04 259.84 369.39
8F 173.61 232.76 325.1 462.16
7F 208.46 279.49 390.36 554.93
6F 242.53 325.17 454.16 645.64
5F 276.61 370.85 517.97 736.35
4F 309.8 415.35 580.11 824.69
3F 342.98 459.84 642.26 913.03
2F 374.95 502.7 702.12 998.13
1F 408.65 547.88 765.22 1087.84
GF 426.3 571.55 798.27 1134.83

1200

1000

800
Storey Shear (kips)

95 mph
600 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
400

200

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Story Level
Figure 4.7. Comparison of Storey Shear in X Direction due to WX

Table 4.7. Comparison of Storey Shear in Y Direction (kips) due to WY

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 4.85 6.51 9.09 12.92
 64

12F 38.22 51.25 71.58 101.75

11F 95.25 127.71 178.37 253.57
10F 150.72 202.07 282.24 401.23
9F 206.19 276.44 386.1 548.88
8F 260.79 349.64 488.34 694.23
7F 315.38 422.84 590.58 839.57
6F 368.77 494.41 690.54 981.68
5F 422.15 565.98 790.51 1123.78
4F 474.14 635.69 887.87 1262.19
3F 526.13 705.4 985.23 1400.59
2F 576.22 772.54 1079.01 1533.91
1F 629.01 843.33 1177.87 1674.46
GF 656.66 880.4 1229.65 1748.07
2000

1800

1600

1400
Storey Shear (kips)

1200
95 mph
1000 110 mph
130 mph
800 155 mph
600

400

200

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey level
Figure 4.8. Comparison of Storey Shear in Y Direction due to WY

According to Table 4.6, 4.7 and Figure 4.7, 4.8, the maximum storey shear are
occurred at Ground floor and its values are 1134.83 kips in X direction and 1748.07
kips in Y direction for 155 mph. Storey shear in Y direction are more than that in X
 65

direction. There is no obviously changed in storey shear between the wind speed 95
mph to 110 mph but it is obviously changed in wind speed 130 mph and 155 mph.
The values are approximately increased 1.34 times form 95 mph to 110 mph, 1.87
times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph in both
directions. Storey shear is slightly decreased from bottom to top storey with the
slopping form.

4.5.3. Comparison of Storey Moment

This section is storey moment for the proposed twelve-storeyed reinforced
concrete building with static analysis. Comparison of storey moment in both
directions for four different wind speeds (95 mph, 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph)
are summarized in Table 4.8 and Table 4.9. They are also shown in Figure 4.9 and
Figure 4.10 graphically.
Table 4.8. Comparison of Storey Moment in X Direction (kip-in) due to WX

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 803.255 1076.94 1504.16 2138.3

12F 4609.57 6180.14 8631.76 12270.9

11F 12825.9 17196 24017.5 34143.3

10F 25353.1 33991.5 47475.7 67491.3

9F 42212.8 56595.6 79046.7 112373

8F 63286.2 84849.1 118508 168471
7F 88637.4 118838 165980 235957

6F 118187 158455 221313 314619

5F 151848 203585 284346 404226

4F 189602 254203 355044 504730
3F 231457 310319 433421 616150

2F 277182 371624 519045 737873

1F 337259 452170 631543 897800

GF 399660 535832 748394 1063915

 66

1200000

1000000
Storey Moment (kip-in)

800000

95 mph
600000 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
400000

200000

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.9. Comparison of Storey Moment in X Direction due to WX
Table 4.9. Comparison of Storey Moment in Y Direction (kip-in) due to WY

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 585.246 784.651 1095.917 1557.953

12F 5206.932 6981.039 9750.376 13861.112

11F 16749.802 22456.798 31365.28 44588.808

10F 35070.044 47019.117 65671.329 93358.206

9F 60211.349 80726.573 112750.337 160285.612

8F 91989.216 123331.802 172256.814 244879.879

7F 130516.159 174985.653 244401.45 347440.522

6F 175676.858 235533.516 328968.299 467660.556

5F 227329.544 304785.317 425691.889 605162.581

4F 285464.653 382728.233 534554.31 759921.141

3F 350111.407 469401.444 655610.281 932014.023

2F 420922.288 564339.023 788209.048 1120516.118

1F 514174.486 689364.131 962830.894 1368758.12

GF 610677.295 818747.398 1143539.754 1625653.408

 67

1800000

1600000

1400000
Storey Moment (kip-in)

1200000

1000000 95 mph
110 mph
800000 130 mph
155 mph
600000

400000

200000

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.10. Comparison of Storey Moment in Y Direction due to WY
In comparison of storey moment in X and Y direction, maximum storey
moment values are 1063915 kip-in in X direction and 1625653.408 kip-in Y direction
for 155 mph at ground floor. Storey moment in Y direction is more critical than storey
moment in X direction. The values are approximately increased 1.34 times form 95
mph to 110 mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66 times from 95 mph to
155 mph in both directions. From this figures, it can be found that storey moment
values are slightly decreased from bottom to top storey.

4.6. Comparison of Member Forces

This study consists of comparison of member forces such as (axial, shear,
moment and torsion) for selected frame members. All the member forces are
compared in order to know the changes in them when the design wind speed are
increased up to 155 mph. Three numbers of columns and two numbers of beams are
selected to compare frame member forces.

4.6.1. Comparison of Member Forces for Columns

In the comparison of column forces, corner column (C9), interior column
(C63) and exterior column (C2) are selected because maximum member forces
occurred in these columns. All member forces are compared with four different wind
speeds in X and Y direction.
4.6.1.1. Comparison of axial force for exterior column (C2) due to WX
 68

The comparison of axial force for exterior column (C2) due to four different
wind speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.10 and Figure 4.11.

Table 4.10. Comparison of Axial Force for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.37 0.5 0.7 0.99
11F 1.2 1.61 2.25 3.19
10F 2.45 3.29 4.59 6.53
9F 4.15 5.57 7.77 11.05
8F 6.23 8.35 11.66 16.58
7F 8.63 11.58 16.17 22.98
6F 11.47 15.37 21.47 30.52
Table 4.10. (Continued)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

5F 14.56 19.51 27.26 38.75
4F 17.85 23.94 33.43 47.53
3F 21.49 28.82 40.25 57.22
2F 25.8 34.59 48.31 68.67
1F 32.69 43.83 61.22 87.02
GF 40.57 54.4 75.98 108.01

120

100
Axial Force (kips)

80

95 mph
60 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
40

20

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.11. Comparison of Axial Force for Exterior Column (C2) due to WX
 69

In this figure, the result of axial force for exterior column (C2) is linearly
increasing from top to bottom storey. The maximum value of axial force for (C2) is
108.01 kips at design wind speed of 155 mph in ground floor.

4.6.1.2. Comparison of shear force for exterior column (C2) due to WX

This section represents the comparison of shear force for exterior column (C2)
for four different wind speeds in X direction is described Table 4.11 and Figure 4.12.

Table 4.11. Comparison of Shear Force for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.45 0.6 0.84 1.19
11F 0.8 1.07 1.5 2.13
10F 1.14 1.52 2.13 3.02
Table 4.11. (Continued)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

9F 1.54 2.06 2.88 4.09
8F 1.7 2.29 3.19 4.54
7F 2.09 2.8 3.91 5.56
6F 2.5 3.35 4.68 6.66
5F 2.47 3.31 4.62 6.57
4F 2.85 3.82 5.33 7.58
3F 3.31 4.44 6.2 8.81
2F 3.89 5.22 7.29 10.36
1F 5.6 7.51 10.48 14.9
GF 8.05 10.79 15.07 21.43
 70

25

20
Shear Force (kips)
15 95 mph

110 mph
10
130 mph

5 155 mph

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.12. Comparison of Shear Force for Exterior Column (C2) due to WX

According to this Figure 4.12, the maximum shear force for exterior column
(C2) is occurred at ground floor of the proposed building and has the values of 8.05
kips, 10.79 kips, 15.07 kips and 21.43 kips for different wind speeds of 95 mph, 110
mph, 130 mph and 155 mph respectively. Shear force value is slightly dropped at 3, 6
and 9 stories because columns sizes are changed in this storey.

4.6.1.3. Comparison of bending moment for exterior column (C2) due to WX

The comparison of bending moment due to four different wind speed in X
direction is described in Table 4.12 and Figure 4.13.
Table 4.12. Comparison of Bending Moment for Exterior Column (C2) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 22.307 29.907 41.771 59.382
11F 44.277 59.364 82.913 117.869
10F 64.789 86.864 121.322 172.471
9F 90.904 121.877 170.225 241.992
8F 99.316 133.154 185.976 264.383
7F 120.742 161.881 226.099 321.422
6F 150.767 202.136 282.322 401.348
5F 147.226 197.389 275.692 391.923
4F 165.347 221.683 309.624 440.161
3F 203.631 273.012 381.314 542.076
2F 241.884 324.299 452.947 643.908
 71

1F 382.824 513.26 716.867 1019.096

GF 786.595 1054.604 1472.96 2093.956

2500
Bending Moment (kip-in)

2000

1500
95 mph
110 mph
130 mph
1000 155 mph

500

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.13. Comparison of Bending Moment for Exterior Column (C2) due to WX

In this section, bending moment for exterior column (C2) for four different
wind speeds is decreased from bottom to top storey. According to this figure, the
maximum bending moment is occurred in ground floor with different values of
786.595 kip-in for 95 mph, 1054.604 kip-in for 110 mph, 1472.96 kip-in for 130 mph
and 2093.956 kip-in for 155 mph respectively.
4.6.1.4. Comparison of torsion for exterior column (C2) due to WX
The comparison of torsion due to four different wind speed in X direction is
described in Table 4.13 and Figure 4.14.

Table 4.13. Comparison of Torsion for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
12F 0.33 0.442 0.618 0.878
11F 0.555 0.745 1.04 1.479
10F 0.776 1.041 1.453 2.066
9F 1.003 1.345 1.878 2.67
8F 1.892 2.536 3.542 5.035
7F 2.227 2.986 4.171 5.929
6F 2.539 3.405 4.755 6.76
5F 4.235 5.678 7.93 11.274
 72

4F 4.668 6.258 8.741 12.426

3F 5.049 6.77 9.455 13.441
2F 8.091 10.848 15.151 21.539
1F 7.253 9.724 13.581 19.307
GF 10.909 14.626 20.428 29.04

35

30

25
Torision (kips)

20 95 mph
110 mph
15 130 mph
155 mph

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.14. Comparison of Torsion for Exterior Column (C2) due to WX

In above figure, maximum torsion is occurred at ground floor and suddenly

drops in stories 3, 6 and 9 because maximum storey drift is found that this stories and
column size are changed. The values are increased 1.34 times from 95 mph to110
mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph
respectively.

4.6.1.5. Comparison of axial force for exterior column (C2) due to WY

The comparison of axial force for exterior column (C2) due to four different
wind speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.14 and Figure 4.15.

Table 4.14. Comparison of Axial Force for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.84 1.13 1.57 2.24
11F 1.45 1.94 2.71 3.85
10F 1.56 2.1 2.93 4.16
9F 1.3 1.74 2.43 3.45
 73

8F 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.21

7F 2.18 2.92 4.08 5.79
6F 4.96 6.65 9.29 13.21
5F 9.2 12.33 17.22 24.48
4F 14.88 19.95 27.86 39.61
3F 21.4 28.69 40.07 56.97
2F 30.57 40.99 57.24 81.38
1F 43.37 58.14 81.21 115.45
GF 53.32 71.48 99.84 141.93

160

140
Axial Force (kips)

120

100
95 mph
80 110 mph
130 mph
60 155 mph

40

20

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.15. Comparison of Axial Force for Exterior Column (C2) due to WY
In this figure, the result of axial force for exterior column (C2) is linearly
increasing from top to bottom storey. The maximum value of axial force for (C2) is
141.93 kips at design wind speed of 155 mph in ground floor.

4.6.1.6. Comparison of shear force for exterior column (C2) due to WY

This section represents the comparison of shear force for exterior column (C2)
for four different wind speeds in Y direction is described Table 4.15 and Figure 4.16.

Table 4.15. Comparison of Shear Force for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.89 1.19 1.66 2.37
11F 2.32 3.1 4.34 6.16
10F 3.71 4.98 6.95 9.88
 74

9F 5 6.7 9.36 13.31

8F 7.14 9.57 13.36 18.99
7F 8.52 11.43 15.96 22.69
6F 9.77 13.11 18.3 26.02
5F 12.27 16.45 22.97 32.65
4F 13.56 18.18 25.39 36.1
3F 14.78 19.81 27.67 39.34
2F 17.86 23.95 33.45 47.55
1F 19.25 25.81 36.05 51.25
GF 17.91 24.01 33.54 47.68

60
Shear Force (kips)

50

40
95 mph

30
110 mph

20 130 mph

10 155 mph

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.16. Comparison of Shear Force for Exterior Column (C2) due to WY
According to this Figure 4.16, the maximum shear force for exterior column
(C2) is occurred at storey 1 of the proposed building and has the values of 19.25 kips,
25.81 kips, 36.05 kips and 51.25 kips for different wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph,
130 mph and 155 mph respectively. Shear force value is slightly dropped at 3, 6 and 9
stories because columns sizes are changed in this storey.

4.6.1.7. Comparison of bending moment for exterior column (C2) due to WY

The comparison of bending moment due to four different wind speed in X
direction is described in Table 4.16 and Figure 4.17.

Table 4.16. Comparison of Bending Moment for Exterior Column (C2) (kip-in)
Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
12F 48.563 65.11 90.939 129.278
 75

11F 133.604 179.125 250.183 355.66

10F 219.03 293.658 410.15 583.068
9F 295.899 396.717 554.093 787.697
8F 418.428 560.994 783.538 1113.875
7F 508.018 681.11 951.302 1352.369
6F 580.446 778.216 1086.93 1545.177
5F 722.049 968.065 1352.091 1922.13
4F 811.569 1088.087 1519.725 2160.438
3F 876.206 1174.747 1640.762 2332.504
2F 1029.638 1380.456 1928.075 2740.947
1F 1402.947 1880.959 2627.124 3734.714
GF 1761.999 2362.348 3299.478 4690.53
Bending Moment (kip-in)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000
95 mph
2500 110 mph
130 mph
2000 155 mph
1500

1000

500

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.17. Comparison of Bending Moment for Exterior Column (C2) due to WY
In this section, bending moment for exterior column (C2) for four different
wind speeds is decreased from bottom to top storey. According to this figure, the
maximum bending moment is occurred in ground floor with different values of
1761.999 kip-in for 95 mph, 2362.348 kip-in for 110 mph, 3299.478 kip-in for 130
mph and 4690.53 kip-in for 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.8. Comparison of torsion for exterior column (C2) due to WY

The comparison of torsion due to four different wind speeds in Y direction is
described in Table 4.17 and Figure 4.18.

Table 4.17. Comparison of Torsion for Exterior Column (C2) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
12F 0.572 0.767 1.071 1.523
 76

11F 1.135 1.522 2.126 3.022

10F 1.712 2.295 3.206 4.557
9F 2.284 3.063 4.278 6.081
8F 4.097 5.493 7.672 10.907
7F 4.84 6.489 9.063 12.884
6F 5.568 7.465 10.427 14.823
5F 9.09 12.187 17.022 24.198
4F 10.019 13.433 18.761 26.671
3F 10.922 14.643 20.452 29.075
2F 17.166 23.015 32.145 45.697
1F 17.947 24.062 33.607 47.776
GF 13.411 17.98 25.112 35.7

60

50
Torsion (kiips)

40

95 mph
30 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.18. Comparison of Torsion for Exterior Column (C2) due to WY
In above figure, maximum torsion is occurred at storey 1 and suddenly drops
in storey 3, 6 and 9 because maximum storey drift is found that this stories and
column size are changed. The values are increased 1.34 times from 95 mph to110
mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph.

4.6.1.9. Comparison of axial force for corner column (C41) due to WX

The comparison of axial force for corner column (C41) due to four different
wind speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.18 and Figure 4.19.

Table 4.18. Comparison of Axial Force for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.2 0.27 0.37 0.53
 77

11F 0.79 1.06 1.49 2.11

10F 1.83 2.45 3.42 4.86
9F 3.29 4.41 6.16 8.76
8F 5.16 6.92 9.67 13.75
7F 7.42 9.94 13.89 19.74
6F 10.1 13.55 18.92 26.9
5F 13.14 17.61 24.6 34.97
4F 16.47 22.08 30.84 43.85
3F 20.21 27.1 37.84 53.8
2F 24.87 33.34 46.57 66.2
1F 33.15 44.44 62.07 88.24
GF 42.2 56.58 79.03 112.35

120
Axial Force (kips)

100

80

95 mph
60 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
40

20

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.19. Comparison of Axial Force for Corner Column (C41) due to WX
In above figure, the result of axial force for corner column (C41) is linearly
increasing from top to bottom storey. The maximum value of axial force for (C41) is
112.35 kips at design wind speed of 155 mph in ground floor.

4.6.1.10. Comparison of shear force for corner column (C41) due to WX

This section is discus the comparison of shear force for four different wind
speeds in X direction are represented in Table 4.19 and Figure 4.20.

Table 4.19. Comparison of Shear Force for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.34 0.46 0.64 0.92

 78

11F 0.81 1.09 1.52 2.16

10F 1.19 1.6 2.24 3.18
9F 1.66 2.23 3.11 4.43
8F 1.88 2.51 3.51 4.99
7F 2.34 3.14 4.38 6.23
6F 2.82 3.79 5.29 7.52
5F 2.84 3.81 5.32 7.57
4F 3.31 4.43 6.19 8.8
3F 3.91 5.24 7.31 10.4
2F 4.36 5.85 8.17 11.61
1F 7.71 10.34 14.44 20.53
GF 8.32 11.15 15.58 22.15

25

20
Shear Force (kip)

15
95 mph
110 mph
130 mph
10 155 mph

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.20. Comparison of Shear Force for Corner Column (C41) due to WX
It can be found that shear force for corner column (C41) for four different
wind speeds are decreased to storey 12. The maximum values are 8.32 kips at 95 mph,
11.15 kips at 110 mph, 15.58 kips at 130 mph and 22.15 kips at 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.11. Comparison of bending moment for Corner column (C41) due to WX

This section gives comparison of bending moment for corner column (C41)
for four different wind speeds in X direction are shown in Table 4.20 and Figure 4.21.

Table 4.20. Comparison of Bending Moment for Corner Column (C41) (kip-in)
Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
12F 19.34 25.93 36.216 51.485
 79

11F 43.986 58.972 82.366 117.092

10F 67.636 90.681 126.653 180.05
9F 98.006 131.398 183.523 260.896
8F 108.734 145.781 203.612 289.455
7F 134.671 180.556 252.182 358.501
6F 169.394 227.111 317.204 450.936
5F 168.631 226.087 315.774 448.903
4F 191.288 256.464 358.201 509.218
3F 240.115 321.928 449.634 639.199
2F 259.282 347.625 485.525 690.222
1F 539.59 723.44 1010.424 1436.416
GF 838.978 1124.834 1571.05 2233.401

2500
Bending Moment (kip-in)

2000

1500
95 mph
110 mph
130 mph
1000 155 mph

500

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.21. Comparison of Bending Moment for Corner Column (C41) due to WX
In this section, bending moment for corner column (C41) for four different
wind speeds is decreased from bottom to top storey. According to this figure, the
maximum bending moment is occurred in ground floor with different values of
838.978 kip-in for 95 mph, 1124.834 kip-in for 110 mph, 1571.05 kip-in for 130 mph
and 2233.401 kip-in for 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.12. Comparison of torsion for corner column (C41) due to WX

The comparison of torsion for corner column (C41) due to four different wind
speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.21 and Figure 4.22.

Table 4.21. Comparison of Torsion for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

 80

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.33 0.442 0.618 0.878
11F 0.555 0.745 1.04 1.479
10F 0.776 1.041 1.453 2.066
9F 1.003 1.345 1.878 2.67
8F 1.892 2.536 3.542 5.035
7F 2.227 2.986 4.171 5.929
6F 2.539 3.405 4.755 6.76
5F 4.235 5.678 7.93 11.274
4F 4.668 6.258 8.741 12.426
3F 5.049 6.77 9.455 13.441
2F 8.091 10.848 15.151 21.539
1F 10.415 13.963 19.502 27.724
GF 7.747 10.387 14.507 20.623

30

25
Torsion (kips)

20

95 mph
15 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.22. Comparison of Torsion for Corner Column (C41) due to WX
In above figure, maximum torsion is occurred at storey 1 and suddenly drop in
storey 3 since maximum storey drift is found at storey 1 and column size is changed
in storey 3. The values are increased 1.34 times from 95 mph to110 mph, 1.87 times
from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.13. Comparison of axial force for corner column (C41) due to WY

The comparison of axial force for corner column (C41) due to four different
wind speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.22 and Figure 4.23.

Table 4.22. Comparison of Axial Force for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

 81

12F 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.14

11F 0.67 0.9 1.26 1.79
10F 2.53 3.4 4.74 6.75
9F 5.52 7.4 10.34 14.7
8F 9.74 13.06 18.25 25.94
7F 15.15 20.32 28.38 40.34
6F 21.76 29.17 40.75 57.93
5F 29.69 39.81 55.6 79.04
4F 38.85 52.09 72.75 103.42
3F 49.26 66.05 92.25 131.14
2F 61.51 82.47 115.19 163.75
1F 77.27 103.59 144.69 205.69
GF 92.16 123.57 172.58 245.34

300
Axial Force (kips)

250

200

95 mph
150 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
100

50

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.23. Comparison of Axial Force for Corner Column (C41) due to WY
In above figure, the result of axial force for corner column (C41) is linearly
increasing from top to bottom storey. The maximum value of axial force for (C41) is
245.34 kips at design wind speed of 155 mph in ground floor.

4.6.1.14. Comparison of shear force for corner column (C41) due to WY

This section discus the comparison of shear force for four different wind
speeds in Y direction are represented in Table 4.23 and Figure 4.24.

Table 4.23. Comparison of Shear Force for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.19 0.26 0.36 0.51
 82

11F 0.92 1.23 1.72 2.45

10F 1.53 2.06 2.87 4.08
9F 2.21 2.97 4.14 5.89
8F 2.73 3.65 5.1 7.26
7F 3.43 4.6 6.43 9.14
6F 4.15 5.57 7.78 11.06
5F 4.59 6.15 8.59 12.22
4F 5.32 7.13 9.96 14.16
3F 6.13 8.22 11.48 16.32
2F 6.19 8.31 11.6 16.49
1F 8.37 11.22 15.67 22.28
GF 9.9 13.28 18.54 26.36

30

25
Shear Force (kips)

20

95 mph
15 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.24. Comparison of Shear Force for Corner Column (C41) due to WY
It can be found that shear force for Corner column (C41) for four different
wind speeds are decreased from bottom to top storey. The maximum values are 9.9
kips at 95 mph, 13.28 kips at 110 mph, 18.54 kips at 130 mph and 26.36 kips at 155
mph in ground floor.

4.6.1.15. Comparison of bending moment for Corner column (C41) due to WY

This section gives comparison of bending moment for corner column (C41)
for four different wind speeds and it is shown in Table 4.24 and Figure 4.25.

Table 4.24. Comparison of Bending Moment for Corner Column (C41) (kip-in)
Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
 83

12F 12.612 16.91 23.617 33.575

11F 48.987 65.678 91.732 130.406
10F 86.666 116.194 162.288 230.708
9F 129.734 173.937 242.937 345.359
8F 157.424 211.062 294.789 419.071
7F 198.798 266.533 372.265 529.212
6F 247.327 331.597 463.139 658.397
5F 269.969 361.953 505.538 718.672
4F 309.931 415.53 580.369 825.051
3F 366.111 490.852 685.57 974.605
2F 330.752 443.446 619.358 880.478
1F 579.779 777.321 1085.68 1543.4
GF 1114.989 1494.888 2087.901 2968.155
Bending Moment (kip-in)

3500

3000

2500

2000 95 mph
110 mph
1500 130 mph
155 mph

1000

500

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.25. Comparison of Bending Moment for Corner Column (C41) due to WY
In this section, bending moment for corner column (C41) for four different
wind speeds is decreased from bottom to top story. According to this figure, the
maximum bending moment is occurred in ground floor with different values of
1114.989 kip-in for 95 mph, 1494.888 kip-in for 110 mph, 2087.901 kip-in for 130
mph and 2968.155 kip-in for 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.16. Comparison of torsion for corner column (C41) due to WY

The comparison of torsion for corner column (C41) due to four different wind
speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.25 and Figure 4.26.

Table 4.25. Comparison of Torsion for Corner Column (C41) (kips)

 84

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.572 0.767 1.071 1.523
11F 1.135 1.522 2.126 3.022
10F 1.712 2.295 3.206 4.557
9F 2.284 3.063 4.278 6.081
8F 4.097 5.493 7.672 10.907
7F 4.84 6.489 9.063 12.884
6F 5.568 7.465 10.427 14.823
5F 9.09 12.187 17.022 24.198
4F 10.019 13.433 18.761 26.671
3F 10.922 14.643 20.452 29.075
2F 17.166 23.015 32.145 45.697
1F 18.52 24.83 34.68 49.302
GF 12.837 17.211 24.039 34.174

60

50
Torsion (kips)

40

95 mph
30 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.26. Comparison of Torsion for Corner Column (C41) due to WY
In above figure, maximum torsion is occurred at storey 1 and suddenly drop in
storey 3, 6 and 9 because column size are changed in this stories. The values are
increased 1.34 times from 95 mph to110 mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph
and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.17. Comparison of axial force for interior column (C63) due to WX

The comparison of axial force for interior column (C63) due to four different
wind speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.26 and Figure 4.27.

Table 4.26. Comparison of Axial Force for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

 85

ROOF 0.5 0.67 0.94 1.33

12F 1.96 2.63 3.68 5.23
11F 4.94 6.63 9.26 13.16
10F 5.69 7.63 10.66 15.15
9F 3.9 5.23 7.3 10.38
8F 6.06 8.13 11.35 16.14
7F 10.99 14.73 20.57 29.25
6F 18.53 24.85 34.7 49.33
5F 26.13 35.03 48.93 69.56
4F 35.11 47.07 65.75 93.47
3F 47.21 63.3 88.41 125.68
2F 60.97 81.75 114.17 162.31
1F 76.77 102.92 143.75 204.35
GF 72.69 97.46 136.12 193.5

250
Axial Force (kips)

200

150
95 mph
110 mph
130 mph
100 155 mph

50

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.27. Comparison of Axial Force for Interior Column (C63) due to WX
From above figure, the maximum axial value for (C63) is 204.35 kips at
design wind speed of 155 mph in story 1 and the minimum value is 1.33 kips in roof
floor. The results of axial forces in interior column (C63) are increased from upper to
lower stories in various wind speeds.

4.6.1.18. Comparison of shear force for interior column (C63) due to WX

This section represents the comparison of shear force for interior column (63)
for four different wind speeds in X direction is described Table 4.27 and Figure 4.28.

Table 4.27. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

 86

ROOF 0.67 0.9 1.25 1.78

12F 0.61 0.82 1.15 1.63
11F 2.34 3.14 4.38 6.23
10F 3.82 5.12 7.15 10.17
9F 5.27 7.07 9.88 14.04
8F 6.11 8.19 11.43 16.25
7F 7.81 10.47 14.62 20.79
6F 9.38 12.57 17.56 24.96
5F 10.5 14.08 19.67 27.96
4F 12.29 16.48 23.02 32.73
3F 13.94 18.69 26.11 37.11
2F 17.46 23.41 32.7 46.48
1F 19.23 25.79 36.02 51.2
GF 15.86 21.26 29.69 42.21

60
Shear Force (kips)

50

40

95 mph
30 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
20

10

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.28. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Column (C63) due to WX
It can be found that the maximum shear value for Interior Column (C63) is
occurred at storey 1 of the proposed building and has the values of 19.23 kips, 25.79
kips, 36.02 kips and 51.2 kips for different wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph, 130
mph and 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.19. Comparison of bending moment for interior column (C63) due to WX

The comparison of bending moment due to four different wind speeds in X
direction is described in Table 4.28 and Figure 4.29.

Table 4.28. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Column (C63) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 48.147 64.551 90.158 128.169
 87

12F 22.097 29.626 41.379 58.824

11F 54.022 72.428 101.16 143.809
10F 109.971 147.441 205.93 292.749
9F 170.249 228.256 318.804 453.21
8F 218.129 292.45 408.464 580.671
7F 278.014 372.739 520.603 740.088
6F 339.114 454.657 635.016 902.738
5F 398.281 533.984 745.812 1060.245
4F 460.677 617.639 862.653 1226.346
3F 516.37 692.308 966.943 1374.604
2F 667.643 895.122 1250.212 1777.298
1F 754.951 1012.178 1413.703 2009.717
GF 1459.162 1956.328 2732.392 3884.362

4500
Bending Moment (kip-in)

4000

3500

3000

2500 95 mph
110 mph
2000 130 mph
155 mph
1500

1000

500

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF
l
Storey Level
Figure 4.29. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Column (C63) due to WX
According to the figure, the value of bending moment in ground floor is
greater than that of other stories. It has been observed that there is a slightly decreased
to upper story. The minimum bending moment is found in roof floor.

4.6.1.20. Comparison of torsion for interior column (C63) due to WX

The comparison of torsion due to four different wind speeds in X direction is
described in Table 4.29 and Figure 4.30.

Table 4.29. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 1.119 1.501 2.096 2.979
12F 1.733 2.324 3.246 4.614
 88

11F 1.461 1.959 2.737 3.891

10F 0.886 1.188 1.66 2.36
9F 3.253 4.362 6.092 8.66
8F 2.518 3.376 4.716 6.704
7F 2.964 3.974 5.55 7.89
6F 5.562 7.457 10.415 14.805
5F 4.549 6.049 8.519 12.11
4F 4.837 6.485 9.058 12.877
3F 6.471 8.675 12.117 17.225
2F 12.931 17.337 24.214 34.422
1F 37.065 49.694 69.408 98.69
GF 16.54 22.175 30.972 44.03

120

100
Torsion (kips)

80

95 mph
60 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
40

20

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.30. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Column (C63) due to WX
It can be found that all torsion values are critical in storey 1 for four different
wind speeds and suddenly decreased in storey 2 and storey 3. The values are
increased 1.34 times from 95 mph to110 mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph
and 2.66 times from 95 mph to 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.21 Comparison of axial force for interior column (C63) due to WY

The comparison of axial force for interior column (C63) due to four different
wind speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.30 and Figure 4.31.

Table 4.30. Comparison of Axial Force for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 0.69 0.92 1.29 1.84
 89

12F 2.93 3.93 5.48 7.79

11F 5.93 7.95 11.1 15.78
10F 6.11 8.2 11.45 16.27
9F 6.16 8.26 11.53 16.4
8F 11.72 15.71 21.94 31.19
7F 19.4 26.02 36.34 51.66
6F 29.98 40.2 56.14 79.81
5F 41.07 55.06 76.9 109.32
4F 54.67 73.29 102.37 145.52
3F 71.81 96.27 134.46 191.15
2F 91.48 122.65 171.31 243.53
1F 115.07 154.27 215.47 306.32
GF 121.19 162.49 226.95 322.63

350

300
Axial Force (kips)

250

200 95 mph
110 mph
150 130 mph
155 mph

100

50

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.31. Comparison of Axial Force for Interior Column (C63) due to WY
From above figure, the maximum axial value for (C63) is 322.63 kips at
design wind speed of 155 mph in ground floor and the minimum value is 1.84 kips in
roof floor. The results of axial forces in interior column (C63) are increased from
upper to lower stories in various wind speeds.

4.6.1.22. Comparison of shear force for interior column (C63) due to WY

This section represents the comparison of shear force for interior column (63)
for four different wind speeds in Y direction is described Table 4.31 and Figure 4.32.

Table 4.31 Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 0.45 0.61 0.85 1.21
 90

12F 1.49 2 2.79 3.96

11F 2.48 3.33 4.65 6.61
10F 4.02 5.39 7.53 10.7
9F 5.96 7.99 11.16 15.87
8F 6.31 8.46 11.81 16.79
7F 8.13 10.9 15.23 21.65
6F 10.04 13.47 18.81 26.74
5F 10.15 13.61 19.01 27.03
4F 12.07 16.19 22.61 32.14
3F 14.13 18.95 26.47 37.63
2F 14.66 19.65 27.45 39.02
1F 12.96 17.37 24.27 34.5
GF 17.01 22.8 31.85 45.28

50

45
Shear Force (kips)

40

35

30
95 mph
25 110 mph
130 mph
20 155 mph
15

10

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.32. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Column (C63) due to WY
It can be found that the maximum shear value for Interior Column (C63) is
occurred at ground floor of the proposed building and has the values of 17.01 kips,
22.8 kips, 31.85 kips and 45.28 kips for different wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph,
130 mph and 155 mph respectively.

4.6.1.23. Comparison of bending moment for interior column (C63) due to WY

The comparison of bending moment due to four different wind speeds in Y
direction is described in Table 4.32. and Figure 4.33.

Table 4.32. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Column (C63) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 32.854 44.048 61.521 87.458
12F 57.182 76.665 107.077 152.22
 91

11F 70.43 94.427 131.886 187.488

10F 95.63 128.213 179.075 254.573
9F 151.43 203.092 283.657 403.247
8F 158.97 213.063 297.584 423.044
7F 193.323 259.192 363.012 514.635
6F 250.577 335.953 469.224 667.047
5F 258.379 346.415 483.835 687.819
4F 284.599 381.54 532.859 757.511
3F 348.561 467.323 652.707 927.887
2F 355.484 476.604 665.671 946.316
1F 454.671 609.586 856.406 1210.36
GF 2004.04 2686.858 3752.718 5334.856

6000
Bending Moment (kip-in)

5000

4000

95 mph
3000 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
2000

1000

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.33. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Column (C63) due to WY
According to the figure, the value of bending moment in ground floor is
greater than that of other stories. It has been observed that suddenly drop in storey 1
and slightly decreased from storey 1 to storey 12.

4.6.1.24. Comparison of torsion for interior column (C63) due to WY

The comparison of torsion due to four different wind speeds in Y direction is
described in Table 4.33 and Figure 4.34.

Table 4.33. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Column (C63) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

ROOF 0.043 0.058 0.081 0.115
12F 0.978 1.311 1.831 2.603
 92

11F 1.469 1.97 2.751 3.911

10F 1.957 2.624 3.666 5.211
9F 2.353 3.155 4.407 6.265
8F 4.912 6.585 9.198 13.075
7F 5.683 7.619 10.642 15.129
6F 6.177 8.281 11.566 16.433
5F 11.025 14.781 20.644 29.348
4F 12.095 16.217 22.65 32.149
3F 13.004 17.435 24.351 34.618
2F 21.362 28.641 40.002 56.867
1F 8.55 11.463 16.01 22.761
GF 45.675 61.238 85.53 121.59

140

120

100
Torsion (kips)

80 95 mph
110 mph
60 130 mph
155 mph

40

20

0
ROOF 12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.34. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Column (C63) due to WY
It can be found that all torsion values are critical in ground floor for four
different wind speeds and suddenly decreased in storey 1. The values are increased
1.34 times from 95 mph to110 mph, 1.87 times from 95 mph to 130 mph and 2.66
times from 95 mph to 155 mph respectively.

4.6.2. Comparison of Member Forces for Beams

In comparison of member forces, interior beam (B52) and interior beam
(B172) are selected to know the effect of different wind speeds because maximum
member forces are occurred in these members. All the member forces in beam (B52)
and (B172) are compared with four wind speeds in X direction (WX) and in Y
direction (WY).
 93

4.6.2.1. Comparison of shear force for beam (B52) due to WX

This section represents the shear force value of beam (B52) due to four
different wind speeds in X direction and it is shown in Table 4.34 and Figure 4.35.

Table 4.34.Comparison of Shear Force for Beam (B52) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.29 0.39 0.54 0.77

11F 0.7 0.94 1.32 1.88

10F 1.1 1.48 2.06 2.93
9F 1.51 2.02 2.82 4.01
8F 1.9 2.55 3.56 5.06
7F 2.26 3.03 4.24 6.02
6F 2.66 3.57 4.99 7.09
5F 2.99 4.01 5.61 7.97
4F 3.3 4.42 6.17 8.77

3F 3.66 4.9 6.85 9.74

2F 4.51 6.04 8.44 11.99

1F 7.58 10.16 14.19 20.18

GF 8.48 11.37 15.89 22.58

25

20
Shear Force (kips)

15
95 mph
110 mph
130 mph
10 155 mph

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.35. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Beam (B52) due to WX

According to the figure, it can be seen that maximum shear force value for
(B52) is 22.58 kips in ground floor and the minimum value is 0.77 kips in storey 12
 94

under wind speed 155 mph. And then all shear forces values are slightly decreased
from bottom to top storey.

4.6.2.2. Comparison of bending moment for beam (B52) due to WX

The comparison of bending moment for (B52) due to four different wind
speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.35 and Figure 4.36.

Table 4.35. Comparison of Bending Moment for Beam (B52) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 23.182 31.08 43.409 61.711

11F 58.564 78.517 109.665 155.899

10F 92.393 123.873 173.012 245.954
9F 127.52 170.969 238.791 339.465
8F 155.864 208.971 291.868 414.919
7F 182.981 245.326 342.646 487.105
6F 217.016 290.958 406.38 577.708
5F 237.423 318.318 444.594 632.033
4F 257.753 345.574 482.662 686.151
3F 287.365 385.277 538.114 764.981
Table 4.35.(Continued)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

2F 344.347 461.673 644.815 916.668

1F 577.776 774.636 1081.93 1538.069

GF 674.776 904.686 1263.57 1796.288
 95

2000

Bending Moment (kip-in)

1800

1600

1400

1200
95 mph
1000 110 mph
130 mph
800 155 mph
600

400

200

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.36. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Beam (B52) due to WX

It has been observed that the maximum bending moment for interior beam
(B52) is found in ground floor with a value of 674.776 kip-in at 95 mph, 904.686 kip-
in at 110 mph, 1263.57 kip-in at 130 mph and 1796.288 kip-in at 155 mph
respectively. At storey 12, the minimum bending moments are 23.182 kip-in, 31.08
kip-in, 43.409 kip-in and 61.711 kip-in for design wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph,
130 mph and 155 mph respectively. The bending values are slightly decreased from
bottom to top storey.

4.6.2.3. Comparison of torsion for beam (B52) due to WX

Torsion in beam (B52) of the proposed building for four different wind speeds
in X direction is described in Table 4.36 and Figure 4.37.

Table 4.36. Comparison of Torsion for Beam (B52) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.476 0.638 0.891 1.267

Table 4.36.(Continued)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

11F 0.749 1.004 1.403 1.994

10F 1.69 2.266 3.165 4.5

9F 2.577 3.455 4.826 6.86
8F 3.966 5.318 7.427 10.559
 96

7F 5.381 7.214 10.076 14.324

6F 6.405 8.587 11.993 17.05
5F 8.087 10.842 15.143 21.528
4F 9.707 13.014 18.176 25.839
3F 10.811 14.495 20.245 28.78
2F 15.585 20.896 29.185 41.489
1F 28.009 37.553 52.449 74.562
GF 4.209 5.643 7.881 11.204

80
Torsion (kips)

70

60

50
95 mph
40 110 mph
130 mph
30 155 mph

20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.37. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Beam (B52) due to WX

From Table 4.36 and Figure 4.37, it can be seen that torsion values for interior
beam (B52) are slightly decreased form storey 1 to storey 12. In this comparison,
maximum torsion value is found in storey 1 and has the value of 74.562 kips.

4.6.2.4. Comparison of shear force for beam (B52) due to WY

This section represents the shear force value of beam (B52) for four different
wind speeds in Y direction and it is shown in Table 4.37 and Figure 4.38.
Table 4.37.Comparison of Shear Force for Beam (B52) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.15 0.11 0.28 0.4

11F 0.1 0.12 0.19 0.28

10F 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.25

 97

9F 0.2 0.26 0.32 0.52

8F 0.37 0.5 0.69 0.99
7F 0.58 0.78 1.09 1.55
6F 0.74 0.99 1.38 1.96
5F 1.02 1.36 1.9 2.7
4F 1.3 1.74 2.43 3.45

3F 1.52 2.04 2.85 4.05

2F 2.45 3.29 4.6 6.53

1F 4.4 5.9 8.24 11.71

GF 0.75 1 1.4 1.99

14

12
Shear Force (kips)

10

8 95 mph
110 mph
6 130 mph
155 mph

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.38. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Beam (B52) due to WY

According to the figure, it can be seen that maximum shear force value for
(B52) is 11.71 kips in storey 1 and the minimum value is 0.4 kips in storey 12 under
wind speeds 155 mph. And then all shear forces values are slightly decreased from 1
storey to storey 12.
4.6.2.5. Comparison of bending moment for beam (B52) due to WY
The comparison of bending moment for (B52) due to four different wind
speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.38 and Figure 4.39.

Table 4.38. Comparison of Bending Moment for Beam (B52) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

 98

12F 4.083 5.474 7.646 10.87

11F 4.093 5.487 7.664 10.895
10F 5.622 7.537 10.527 14.965
9F 9.067 12.157 16.979 24.138
8F 16.16 21.666 30.26 43.018
7F 23.746 31.837 44.467 63.214
6F 29.506 39.559 55.251 78.545
5F 38.518 51.642 72.128 102.537
4F 48.334 64.802 90.509 128.667
3F 56.258 75.426 105.347 149.76
2F 86.945 116.568 162.81 231.451
1F 149.099 199.9 279.199 396.908
GF 57.082 76.531 106.891 151.956

450
Bending Moment (kip-in)

400

350

300

250 95 mph
110 mph
200 130 mph
155 mph
150

100

50

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.39. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Beam (B52) due to WY

It has been observed that the maximum bending moment for interior beam
(B52) is found in storey 1 with a value of 149.099 kip-in at 95 mph, 199.9 kip-in at
110 mph, 279.199 kip-in at 130 mph and 396.908 kip-in at 155 mph respectively. At
storey 12, the minimum bending moments are 4.083 kip-in, 5.474 kip-in, 7.646 kip-in
and 10.87 kip-in for design wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph
respectively. The bending values are decreased from storey 1 to storey 12.

4.6.2.6. Comparison of torsion for beam (B52) due to WY

Torsion in beam (B52) of the proposed building for four different wind speeds
in Y direction is described in Table 4.39. and Figure 4.40.
 99

Table 4.39. Comparison of Torsion for Beam (B52) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 2.496 3.346 4.674 6.644
11F 11.821 15.848 22.135 31.467
10F 24.069 32.27 45.072 64.074
9F 36.101 48.402 67.603 96.104
8F 51.06 68.458 95.615 135.926
7F 65.519 87.843 122.69 174.416
6F 78.165 104.797 145.537 208.078
5F 95.877 128.544 179.537 255.229
4F 112.922 151.397 211.456 300.605
3F 126.525 169.634 236.927 336.815
2F 181.404 243.212 339.692 482.906
1F 289.389 387.99 541.903 770.368
GF 3.71 4.974 6.947 9.877

900

800
Torsion (kips)

700

600

500 95 mph
110 mph
400 130 mph
155 mph
300

200

100

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.40. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Beam (B52) due to WY

From Table 4.39 and Figure 4.40, it can be seen that torsion values for interior
beam (B52) are slightly decreased form storey 1 to storey 12. In this comparison,
maximum torsion value is found in storey 1 and has the value of 770.368 kips.

4.6.2.7. Comparison of shear force for beam (B172) due to WX

The shear force of interior beam (B172) for four different wind speeds in X
direction are clearly mentioned in Table 4.40 and Figure 4.41.
 100

Table 4.40. Comparison of Shear Force for Beam (B172) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.12 0.16 0.22 0.31
11F 0.27 0.36 0.51 0.72
10F 3.27 4.39 6.13 8.71
9F 6.04 8.1 11.31 16.07
8F 8.44 11.32 15.81 22.47
7F 8.77 11.76 16.42 23.34
6F 11.25 15.08 21.06 29.94
5F 13.59 18.22 25.45 36.18
4F 14.02 18.8 26.25 37.32
3F 16.51 22.13 30.91 43.94
2F 19.35 25.95 36.24 51.52
1F 19.77 26.51 37.03 52.64
GF 15.42 20.68 28.88 41.05

60
Shear Force (kips)

50

40

95 mph
30 110 mph
130 mph
155 mph
20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.41. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Beam (B172) due to WX

From Table 4.40 and Figure 4.41, it has been observed that the shear forces are
increased according to the level of wind speeds. Comparatively, maximum shear is
found in storey 1 with the value are 19.77 kips, 26.51 kips, 37.03 kips and 52.64 kips
for 95 mph, 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph respectively.

4.6.2.8. Comparison of bending moment for beam (B172) due to WX

 101

The comparison of bending moment for (B172) due to four different wind
speeds in X direction is described in Table 4.41 and Figure 4.42.

Table 4.41. Comparison of Bending Moment for Beam (B172) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 6.958 9.329 13.029 18.522
11F 13.883 18.613 25.997 36.957
10F 92.174 123.579 172.602 245.371
9F 164.905 221.092 308.798 438.986
8F 218.788 293.333 409.697 582.424
7F 216.29 289.984 405.02 575.775
6F 279.144 374.253 522.718 743.094
5F 323.732 434.034 606.213 861.791
4F 320.448 429.63 600.062 853.047
3F 380.31 509.889 712.159 1012.403
2F 430.064 576.596 805.328 1144.853
1F 430.926 577.751 806.941 1147.145
GF 308.193 413.201 577.116 820.426

1400
Bending Moment (kip-in)

1200

1000

800 95 mph
110 mph
600 130 mph
155 mph

400

200

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.42. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Beam (B172) due to WX
It has been observed that the maximum bending moment for interior beam
(B172) is found in storey 1 with a value of 430.926 kip-in at 95 mph, 577.751 kip-
in at 110 mph, 806.941 kip-in at 130 mph and 1147.145 kip-in at 155 mph
respectively. At storey 12, the minimum bending moments are 6.958 kip-in, 9.329
kip-in, 13.029 kip-in and 18.522 kip-in for design wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph,
 102

130 mph and 155 mph respectively. The bending values are decreased from storey 1
to storey 12.

4.6.2.9. Comparison of torsion for beam (B172) due to WX

In this section, torsion forces for (B172) due to WX for four different wind
speeds in X direction are summarized in Table 4.42 and Figure 4.43.

Table 4.42. Comparison of Torsion for Beam (B172) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph
12F 4.56 6.113 8.538 12.138
11F 7.052 9.455 13.205 18.772
10F 14.09 18.89 26.384 37.507
9F 20.965 28.108 39.259 55.81
8F 25.37 34.014 47.507 67.536
7F 30.748 41.224 57.578 81.853
6F 37.32 50.035 69.884 99.347
5F 41.835 56.089 78.339 111.366
4F 47.044 63.073 88.093 125.233
3F 53.382 71.57 99.962 142.105
2F 58.737 78.75 109.989 156.361
1F 70.365 94.34 131.765 187.316
GF 8.753 11.735 16.391 23.301

200

180
Torsion (kips)

160

140

120
95 mph
100 110 mph
130 mph
80 155 mph
60

40

20

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.43. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Beam (B172) due to WX

From Table 4.41 and Figure 4.43, it can be seen that torsion values for interior
beam (B172) are slightly decreased form storey 1 to storey 12. In this comparison,
maximum torsion value is found in storey 1 and has the value of 187.316 kips.

4.6.2.10. Comparison of shear force for beam (B172) due to WY

 103

The shear force of interior beam (B172) for four different wind speeds in Y
direction are clearly mentioned in Table 4.43 and Figure 4.44.

Table 4.43. Comparison of Shear Force for Beam (B172) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.26
11F 1.35 1.81 2.52 3.59
10F 4.21 5.65 7.89 11.21
9F 6.98 9.36 13.07 18.58
8F 9.24 12.39 17.31 24.61
7F 10.8 14.48 20.22 28.75
6F 13.37 17.92 25.03 35.58
5F 15.55 20.85 29.12 41.4
4F 17.06 22.87 31.94 45.41
3F 19.44 26.06 36.4 51.75

2F 22.18 29.74 41.54 59.06

1F 25.13 33.69 47.06 66.9

GF 32.06 42.98 60.04 85.35

90
Shear Force (kips)

80

70

60

50 95 mph
110 mph
40 130 mph
155 mph
30

20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.44. Comparison of Shear Force for Interior Beam (B172) due to WY
From Table 4.43 and Figure 4.44, it has been observed that the shear forces
are increased according to the level of wind speeds. Comparatively, maximum shear
is found in ground floor with the value are 32.06 kips, 42.98 kips, 60.04 kips and
85.35 kips for 95 mph, 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph respectively.
 104

4.6.2.11. Comparison of bending moment for beam (B172) due to WY

The comparison of bending moment for (B172) due to four different wind
speeds in Y direction is described in Table 4.44 and Figure 4.45.

Table 4.44. Comparison of Bending Moment for Beam (B172) (kip-in)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 4.072 5.459 7.625 10.839
11F 41.575 55.741 77.853 110.675
10F 129.527 173.659 242.549 344.807
9F 214.981 288.23 402.569 572.291
8F 297.85 399.334 557.748 792.893
7F 380.018 509.498 711.613 1011.627
6F 466.826 625.883 874.167 1242.714
5F 553.167 741.643 1035.848 1472.559
4F 640.916 859.29 1200.165 1706.152
3F 727.432 975.282 1362.171 1936.46
2F 834.151 1118.363 1562.012 2220.552
1F 964.409 1293.002 1805.929 2567.304
GF 1197.437 1605.428 2242.292 3187.636
Bending Moment (kip-in)

3500

3000

2500

2000 95 mph
110 mph
1500 130 mph
155 mph

1000

500

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level
Figure 4.45. Comparison of Bending Moment for Interior Beam (B172) due to WY
It has been observed that the maximum bending moment for interior beam
(B172) is found in ground floor with a value of 1197.437 kip-in at 95 mph, 1605.428
kip-in at 110 mph, 2242.292 kip-in at 130 mph and 3187.636 kip-in at 155 mph. At
storey 12, the minimum bending moments are 4.072 kip-in, 5.459 kip-in, 7.625 kip-in
 105

and 7.625 kip-in for wind speeds of 95 mph, 110 mph, 130 mph and 155 mph
respectively. The bending values are decreased from bottom to top storey.

4.6.2.12. Comparison of torsion for beam (B172) due to WY

In this section, torsion forces for (B172) due to four different wind speeds in Y
direction are summarized in Table 4.45 and Figure 4.46.

Table 4.45. Comparison of Torsion for Beam (B172) (kips)

Storey 95 mph 110 mph 130 mph 155 mph

12F 13.303 17.836 24.911 35.414
11F 14.701 19.71 27.53 39.136
10F 18.626 24.972 34.879 49.584
9F 23.522 31.536 44.047 62.617
8F 24.758 33.194 46.362 65.908
7F 25.333 33.964 47.437 67.437
6F 28.566 38.299 53.492 76.044
5F 27.806 37.28 52.069 74.021
4F 26.871 36.027 50.319 71.533
3F 28.368 38.033 53.121 75.517
2F 28.965 38.834 54.239 77.106
1F 34.664 46.474 64.91 92.276
GF 12.883 17.272 24.124 34.295

100
Torsion (kips)

90

80

70

60
95 mph
50 110 mph
130 mph
40 155 mph
30

20

10

0
12F 11F 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F GF

Storey Level

Figure 4.46. Comparison of Torsion for Interior Beam (B172) due to WY

From Table 4.45 and Figure 4.46, it can be seen that torsion values for interior
beam (B172) are slightly decreased form storey 1 to storey 12. In this comparison,
maximum torsion value is found in storey 1 and has the value of 92.276 kips.
 106