SlowLoris2014 2
SlowLoris2014 2
SlowLoris2014 2
s
2014 edition
FX Type: Distortion
Based on the ProCo® Rat
© 2014 madbeanpedals
Previous version: http://www.madbeanpedals.com/projects/SlowLoris/docs/SlowLoris2013.zip
1.95” W x 1.875” H
(the extra tiny holes are viasdon’t mess with those)
Terms of Use: You are free to use purchased Slow Loris circuit boards for both DIY and
small commercial operations. You may not offer Slow Loris boards for resale or as part of
a “kit” in a commercial fashion. Peer to peer resale is, of course, okay.
Shopping List
Resistors Caps Diodes
R1 1M C1 22n D1, D2 RED LED
R2 1k C2 1n D3 1N5817
R3 1M C3 30pF D4, D5 1N914
R4 47R C4 100pF Transistors
R5 560R C5 4u7 Q1 2N5457
R6 1k C6 2u2 IC
R7 1k5 C7 1uf IC1 LM308
R8 1M C8 3n3 Switch
R9 10k C9 1uf CLIP On/On
R10 10k C10 100uF Pots
R11 4k7 C11 47uF CUT 100kA
R12 47R C12 22n GAIN 100kA
R13 100k C13 100n VOL 100kA
R14 100k C14 10n SWEEP 1kB
Shopping List
Value Qty Type
47R 2 1/4W
560R 1 1/4W
1k 2 1/4W
1k5 1 1/4W
4k7 1 1/4W
10k 2 1/4W
100k 2 1/4W
1M 3 1/4W
30pF 1 Ceramic
100pF 1 Ceramic
1n 1 Film
3n3 1 Film
10n 1 Film
22n 2 Film
100n 1 Film
1uf 2 Film
2u2 1 Electrolytic
4u7 1 Electrolytic
47uF 1 Electrolytic
100uF 1 Electrolytic
RED LED 2 3mm Diffused
IN5817 2
1n914 2
2N5457 1
SPDT 1 On/On
100kA 3 16mm PCB
1kB 1 16mm PCB
4.64” W x 6.69” H
Download the Photoshop template used to create this drill guide:
http://www.madbeanpedals.com/projects/SlowLoris/docs/SL_1590B_Drill.zip
Overview:
Much like the venerated Ibanez® Tube Screamer™ the Rat™ needs little introduction. It is part of the
“holy trinity” of dirt pedals that nearly every rock guitar player has owned or played through at some
point (the other being the Big Muff™). But, unlike the smooth and refined sound of the Tube
Screamer™, the Rat™ is more like a distant uncle…you know, the one that always smells like stale
cigars and bottomofthewell whiskey; rude, abrasive and sometimes just plain ol’ mean.
While the Rat™ lacks smoothness (and pushes the boundaries on acceptable signal to noise ratio) it
makes up for it with lots of character. It is a textured distortion; like putting a fine layer of gritty sand
over your guitar tone. One can almost imagine ripping fat riffs while playing “Round and Round” at
your local bar gig, flipping your long mane of hair while the ladies swoon over your tiger striped
spandex. Well, maybe that’s just me.
Anyway, the Slow Loris is a clone of the Rat™ with a couple extra mods. The first is an additional
knob labeled “Sweep”. This is a 1k pot in series with R4 (also known as the “Ruetz mod”). The Sweep
pot lets you change the clipping frequency of the gain stage. It is most useful at lower gain settings
and will darken up the tone a bit as you turn it up. Fully counterclockwise is the stock Rat™ sound.
The second mod is a switch that lets you select between the stock 1n914 clipping diodes and LED
clipping. LEDs are louder and crunchy. The 2014 version of the Slow Loris also adds C14, which will
help smooth out some of the high frequencies in LED clipping mode. C14 is optional.
Circuit Analysis:
· R1 is a pulldown resistor. It helps reduce popping when the effect is switched on.
· C1 is a coupling cap. It blocks AC coming from your pickups, and lets through the DC. Almost
all of our guitar pedals operate on DC.
· R3 is a biasing resistor for IC1. It connects to the biasing voltage supply (Vb) to provide the
proper current to the opamp for operation. It also sets the input impedance of the opamp (R2
adds a very small amount to the total input impedance but can be ignored).
· R2 is a small signal limiting resistor at the noninverted input of the opamp. It also forms an LP
filter with C2 centered at 159KHz to reduce RF interference.
· C3 is the “slew rate compensation capacitor”. Slew is actually a bit more complicated to
explain but the basic idea is it measures how quickly the opamp reacts to voltage and/or
frequency changes at its input. In many other opamps, this is predetermined, but in the
LM308 it can be adjusted, or compensated, by an external capacitor. Here’s a good read on
the slew rate of the Rat™.
· C4 is a filtering cap used in the feedback loop of IC1. At high gain settings, it helps reduce high
frequency noise.
· The Gain pot sets the overall distortion level from lowest to highest as it goes clockwise. It
works in parallel with C4, so at low gain settings there is little filtering effect. At high gain
settings, the resistance value of the Gain pot is high which creates an audible filter.
· R4 and R5 set the maximum amount of gain. The lower the values, the higher the gain. These
resistors are in parallel, so their total value is equivalent to about 43R. However, they form
different frequency cutoff ranges with the two caps. One is 1540Hz and the other is 60Hz.
What this means is that frequencies below those ranges are clipped less, and vice versa. This
filter combo probably has a lot to do with the “graininess” of the Rat™.
· The Sweep pot has already been explained, but note that at higher settings of the Sweep pot,
the maximum gain of IC1 is reduced. This is because R4 and the 1k pot are additive, and we
already know that high resistor values on either R4 or R5 will reduce the maximum gain of IC1.
Additionally, that 1540Hz filter set by the 47R/2u2 combo becomes 69Hz at 1.047k/2u2. This is
why the tone gets darker as the Sweep pot goes up.
· R6 is another signal limiting resistor. This is a common technique used on the outputs of op
amps to reduce noise.
· C7 is a coupling cap. It blocks the DC coming from IC1 and restores the AC. The large value
(1uF) means that all guitar frequencies will pass.
· D1, D2, D4 and D5 are the clipping diodes. These diodes clip the AC signal corresponding to
their forward voltage drop. High forward voltages means the signal is clipped less and vice
versa. This is why the LEDs are louder…they have a higher forward voltage than the 1n914.
Since our DC is sitting at 0v, these diodes are connected to ground (without C7, they would
have to be connected to the Vb supply to perform the clipping operation). C10 is an additional
smoothing cap used only with the LED clippers.
· The tone section of the Slow Loris is comprised of the Cut knob, R7 and C8. This forms a
passive LP filter which is variable from bright to dark. At full counterclockwise, the series
resistance of the Cut knob is 0, and the filter reduces to R7/C8 which centers around 32KHz:
well above human hearing range. When the Cut knob is turned up, the series resistance
increases so that we are left with 101.5k/3n3 when it is full clockwise. This filter then centers
around 475Hz. This gives the tone knob a very large range of frequency cutting. You could
shift it further down the frequency spectrum simply by increasing the value of 3n3. This would
be useful when using the Slow Loris for bass guitar.
· C12 is another coupling cap bringing up back to DC operation for the next circuit block: the
output buffer.
· R8, Q1 and R9 form the output buffer, which is used to compensate for signal loss due to the
passive tone filter in the previous section. R8 sets the input impedance of Q1 and serves to
bias the gate of the 2n5457. Side note: in previous versions of the Slow Loris, this was
connected to the Vb supply. Either way works the same, but most schematics of the Rat™
have this resistor connected to ground, so the change was made to keep it true to the original.
R9 sets the output impedance of the buffer. The value here is not too critical. It needs to be
large enough so that the source of Q1 is not connected to ground, but not too large. I’m sure
there is a better explanation of that.
· C9 is out final coupling cap. It restores our AC signal to deliver it to the amp, or next effect. The
value here is large so that all frequencies pass.
· R10 was included because I saw it on at least one Rat™ schematic. I don’t know how
prevalent this resistor was over the history of the pedal, and I’ve never used it. But, it was
included nonetheless to be as accurate as possible. I suggest leaving it off. Its function seems
to be to set the output impedance of the circuit, but is superfluous since our Volume pot
already does this. In fact, it will reduce the total output of the circuit since it is in parallel with
the volume pot: another reason to leave it off.
· Our Volume pot sets the total output of the circuit via a voltage divider. At full counter
clockwise, it pulls the output to ground, i.e. no output. At full clockwise it delivers the full output.
· R11 is the current limiting resistor for the LED indicator used on the bypass switch. 4k7 is
standard, but other values will work. Higher values result in a less bright LED.
· D3 is used for reverse polarity protection. This prevents inebriated rockers from connecting a
positive tip DC supply to our Slow Loris and destroying it. The 1n5817 is used here due to its
low voltage drop.
· R12 is a series resistor used to reduce noise on our power supply. It forms a filter network with
C10 and C13.
· C10 and C13 are used for smoothing out our power supply signal. The 100uF stores plenty of
charge to deliver to our effect consistently. The 100n is used in parallel to reduce any DC
ripple coming from our power supply.
· Finally, R13, and R14 form a voltage divider to create our bias supply voltage. Since they are
equal value the incoming 9v voltage is reduced by half to 4.5v. The high values used here
(100k) also reduce the total current available for the biasing resistors used in our circuit. C11
completes the circuit and keeps charged up to keep the Vb supply constant.