EFFECTS OF INCREASED NUMBERS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH

IN THE PEACE AND ORDER IN BARANGAYLOGAN

A Quantitative Study Presented to the Faculty of

Zamboanga Sibugay National High School

Senior High School Curriculum

Pangi, Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay

In partial fulfillment of the requirements on

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

By

Canete, Vincent

Dai, Ryan A.

Egano, Carl Marie N.

Garrido, Ashley Faith C.

Inguillo, Rose Ann A.

Ocsudan, Eshell L.

Omerez, Jonalyn

HUMSS GALILEO

March 2020
 Acknowledgement

The research study become a reality with the kind and help of

many individuals we would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of

them.

Foremost, we want to offer this endeavor to our almighty God for

the wisdom he bestowed upon us, the strength, peace of mind and

good health in order to finish this research.

We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to our

Practical Research teacher, Mrs. Marvel S. Malaque for imparting her

knowledge and expertise in this study. Also, for the guidance and

constant supervision of the study.

We are highly indebted to the respondents of the study for their

honest and cooperative response to all the questions solicited in this

study.

Lastly, our thanks and appreciation to our colleagues and people

who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

 Dedication

First of all, we dedicate this research to our beloved God, who

had given us wisdom, knowledge, and strength to pursue our goal in

this study.

Secondly, we dedicate this research to our beloved teachers in

Practical Research teacher, Mrs. Marvel S. Malaque for giving us the

opportunity to show our skills in doing this research and for the

knowledge, guidance, for having patience, and for being approachable

when we have questions, confusions and to all our needs in this

research.

Lastly, we also dedicate this to our fellow students and to all

respondents for supporting us for this study. We hope and pray that

this research paper has a contribution both to the school and to the

community.
Acknowledgement I
Dedication II
Table of contents
Page no.
CHAPTER I
Background of the study …………………………………………………………1
Statement of the problem …………………………………………………………2
Significance of the study ….…………………………………………………….3-4
Scope and delimitation …………………………………………………….….5

CHAPTER II
Conceptual literature …….……………………………………….…………6-7
Theoretical framework ……………………………………………….……….8
Conceptual framework …………………………………………….…….…..9
Definition of terms ……………………………………………………….10-11

CHAPTER III (METHODOLOGY)

Research design ……………………………………………………….12
research process ……………………………………………………….13-14
Research respondents ……………………………………………………….15
Research instruments ……………………………………………….………15-17
Statistical treatment ……………………………………………….………18-19

CHAPTER IV
Presentation and Analysis of The Data …………………………………….20-29
CHAPTER V
Summary …………………………………………………………………. 30
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………. 31
Recommendation …………………………………………………………………. 32
Bibliography
Appendix
 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 Introduction

The increasing numbers of out-of-school youth in our country

especially in our community continues to be the most prevailing

problems. There’s a lot of reasons why most of the youth choose to

stay at home rather than in school because of financial problem.

Youth can be deemed at risk for a number of circumstances

including poverty, juvenile delinquency, neighborhood violence, and

school dropout.

Deprived of completing high school education, the out of school

youth is further marginalized from acquiring technical skills. As

mandated by the law, technical education in the Philippines is a post-

secondary course.

The main purpose of this study is to determine: the causes; the

effects and the possible intervention of continuously increasing

numbers of out-of-school youth (OSY) and to be able to maintain the

peace and order in the Barangay Logan, Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay.

 2

1.2 Problem Statement

This study aims to determine the effects of continuously

increased in numbers of out-of-school youth (OSY) in the peace and

order in Barangay Logan.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:

1. What are the most important factors that influence the peace

and order in Barangay Logan among out-of-school youth?

2. What is the significant relationship of age profile of out -of-

school youth in the peace and order of Barangay Logan?

3. What is the relationship between the increased in numbers of

out-of-school youth in the peace and order of Barangay Logan?

4. How does the increased in numbers of out-of-school youth affect

the peace and order in Barangay Logan?

 3

1.3 Significance of The Study

This study is important to determine the effects of increased in

numbers of out-of-school youth in the peace and order in Barangay

Logan.

This study will be beneficial to the following individuals:

Barangay Officials - they have the control to maintain a well-

organized and peaceful community. Through this study the barangay

officials can benefit from it.

Teachers - They build a warm environment, mentor and nurture

students, become role models, and listen and look for signs of trouble.

Participate in the decision making to deal with problems affecting

students and encouraging every student to finish their studies.

SK Chairperson - They must promulgate in giving more opportunities

and encouraging the youth to become an active individual not only in

the community but in school as well.

Parents - should provide more awareness to their children of what

would be the advantages and the disadvantages if they don’t finish

their studies. They should also open their minds to find ways to send

their children in school; and provide proper guidance in securing their

children to go in the right path.

 4

Youth – They should encourage each other on how important it is to

study hard and finish their schooling. This study may also help in terms

of giving ideas what the out-of-school youth can do if they cannot

afford in going to school.

Future Researchers – This study will also help them in providing

ideas, to understand the cause and effect of increased in numbers of

out of school youth in the peace and order of a particular community.

Through this they can get initial information that will serve as a guide

for them to make their own research.

 5

1.4 Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the effects of out-of-school youth

(OSY) specifically in barangay Logan, Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay, year

2019-2020. Purposive sampling procedure was used in selecting the

participants in this study. The selections of respondents are sonly

limited, ages 15-30 years old, since there lots of people in Barangay

Logan, Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay who cannot attend formal school.

Furthermore, the researchers used a survey research design to

gather information., the respondents will be given a check list types of

questionnaire. The research is designed to have a thorough knowledge

of the problems of the youth on why they cannot attend a formal

school.
 6

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

2.1 Conceptual Literature

According to the study conducted by the quality learning

foundation more than 60,000 students some kinds of felonies or crimes

and had to enter juvenile observation and protection center. All these

youth will face with social problems. However, there is another group

of youth who were faced with financial problems and entered the child

labor market to support their families, as a result only about a half of

students about 580,000 succeeded in completing their compulsory

education (Bangkok B12. News, March 10,2015, p 15, 2015)

Furthermore, the problem that result from this are not only the

problems of the drop out youth, but they could lead to other bigger

issues, such as crime and labor skills problems as well. An American

study has revealed that "out-of-school" youth are 7 times more likely

to put themselves at risk than children in school and even live a

shorter life span than regular youth by 9 Years (Soopanyo et. al 2016)

According to Dube (2011) as cited by Synder, and Sickmund in

Ingersoll and Leboeut (2015). Youth who are not in school and not in

the labor force are at high risk of delinquency and crime. Lochner and

Moretti (2013) find that in some European Societies compelling

Children to remain in school decreases the likelihood of their

committing crime and going to jail.

 7

In the U.S Harlaw (2016) provides evidence that shows that

three quarters of State of prison inmates and 59% of federal prison

inmates were school dropouts.

According to Catteral (2015), drop-outs are 3-5 times more likely

than grade 12 graduates. The chances of becoming social deviants

decrease with the duration of Schooling.

In addition, there are students who still trek long distance to

school, perhaps, due to high transport fairs. And as such, education

experts have often highlighted why parents need to factor the

distances their children cover daily to and from school, whether by car

or on foot.

Tafere (2015) stated that out-of-school youth are always the

successors of the throne poverty baguette to them by their parents or

graduation. They may be interested in finishing formal schooling yet

poverty force them to leave out school.

Thus, the basic education needs of the school-age Filipino

population who are out-of-school and all those who dropped out from

school are catered by the Bureau of Alternative Learning System

(BALS). It is through this Bureau that the mandate in education for all

Out-of-schools individuals through alternative learning interventions

are promoted, improved, monitored and evaluated (Mochico, A. L &

Moenica A. A, 2017)
 8

2.2 Theoretical Framework

Schooling, according to the human capital theory, is an

investment (patron,2008). Schooling generates higher future income

for individuals and enhances economic development in a society

(McMahon, 1998; Patron, 2008).

The phenomenon of young people dropping out of school affects

government, individuals, societies and the labor market. The effects of

dropping out challenges self-sufficiency, self-esteem, and the ability to

make educated choices (knowing what options an individual has).

 9

2.3 Conceptual Framework

The graph below shows a relationship between the two variables,

which is the independent and dependent variable.

Independent variable

Dependent variable

 Poverty
 Distance Increased numbers of out-
from to of-school youth
school

Peace and order

The graph shows above a relationship between the two variables

which is the independent and dependent variables. The poverty and

distance from home to school are the factors that will result to the

increased numbers of out of school youth that will affect to the peace

and order.
 10

2.4 Definition of Terms

The following are the operational terms would give

enlightenment to the terminologies use in the search.

Child labor – children are focused to work like adults and take part in

an economic activity.

Drop-out youth - a youth who stop going to school before he /she

finish from schooling

Education – the action or process of teaching in a school, college or

university.

Felonies - a disturbances of the community which affects to the peace

and order of a barangay.

Financial problem – or financial pressure is a situation where money

is causing you stress. You are not able to meet your bills on time of

afford necessary basic needs.

Out-of-school youth - a particular young people or individual aged

15-30 who are not able to attend school on eligible youth who is drop-

out from school.

Peace – a state in which there is no war or fighting, a state of unguilty

or guilt. 11

Peace and order - a state of a community in which free from any

disturbances and well organize community.

School – organization that provides instruction, on institution for the

teaching of children, a source of knowledge.

Social deviants - a behavior within the community which different

from what is proper that cause a barangay to be unpeaceful.

Youth – a teenage boy or young man, the early

12

CHAPTER III
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter will explain the research design, instruments,

respondents, and statistical treatment that the researchers use in this

study.

3.1 Research Design

This study is quantitative in nature since it seeks answers that

lead to numerical data. Specifically, the study uses a descriptive-

analytic research design to determine the effects of increased numbers

of out- of-school youth in the peace and order in barangay Logan.

13

3.2 Research Process/Schedule

 In order to gather data, the following are the steps/process that

this study follows: (1) formulation of research problem, (2) formulation

of research instruments, (3) data gathering, (4) analysis of data, (5)

preparation for final defense.

The summary of the steps/process is shown below in figure 2.0

Formulation of research
problem

Formulation of research
instruments

Data gathering

Data analysis

Preparation for final

defense
 14

In order to be organized the researcher follows the research

schedule shown below in figure 2.1

Table 0.1

Date Activity
January 2020 Orientation of Respondents
February 2020 Data Gathering
February 2020 Interpretation of Data

March 2020 Finalizing the Paper

March 2020 Final Defense

Research Process
 15

3.3 Research Respondents

A purposive sampling procedure was used in selecting the

participants in this study. The researchers focus on 30 out-of-school

youth who are currently living or residence in barangay Logan. They

are the chosen respondents because they are the one who has an

experience about the study that the researchers conducted.

3.4 Research Instruments

The researchers will be using a survey questionnaire as the main

instruments to be able to gather data. It will be created through a

checklist type for them not to find any difficulties and to understand

and answered on what are the effects of increased numbers of out-of-

school youth in the peace and order of the said barangay.

 16

Direction: Answer the following questions, put a check mark on the

space provided that corresponds to your answer. (as many as possible)

1. Is education important to you?

__ yes __ no

2. If yes, what are your reasons for not attending formal school?

__ Poverty __ Laziness

__ Bad peer pressure __ Distance from home to school

__ Child labor

3. By the time you dropped out from school, have you ever been

involved in any trouble?

__ yes __ no

4. If your answer is yes in no. 3, how often do you involve in trouble?

__ most of the time __ seldom __ never

5. In what age are you, when you usually get involve in trouble?

__ 15-17 __ 18-21 __ 22-25

6. What are usual crime incident you are involved in?

__ ramble __ theft __bullying

7. Did you observe peace and order in your barangay?

__ Yes __ No

8. If the numbers of out-of-school youth will continue to increase, do

you think there still be a peace and order in your barangay?

__ yes __ no
 17

9. Do you think when the population of out of school youth will

continue to increase within your barangay, does it affect the peace

and order?

__ yes __ no

10 . If your answer is yes in no. 8, how will it affect to the peace and

order in your barangay?

__ the barangay will be unpeaceful

__ the crime rate will increase

__ the resident will be at risk in terms of their safety

 18

3.5 Statistical Treatment

The data being from the respondents will undergo statistical

treatment.

Table 0.2

Research problem and statistical treatment to be use in the study

questions:

1. What are the most Hypothesis Statistic

important factors that

influence the peace and

order in Barangay Logan No hypothesis mean

among out-of-school youth?

2. What is the significant There is no significant

relationship of age profile of relationship that the

out -of- school youth in the crime committed by chi-square

peace and order of out of school youth is

Barangay Logan? dependent of its age

3.What is the relationship

between the increased in No hypothesis mean

numbers of out-of-school

youth in the peace and

order of Barangay Logan?

 19

4. How does the increased

in numbers of out-of-school

youth affect the peace and No hypothesis mean

order in Barangay Logan?

 20

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the data and the result of the data being

analyzed in the study.

1. Is education important to you?

YES
100%

YES NO

The graph shows that 100% of respondents answered YES that

education is important to them

 21

2. If yes, what are your reasons for not attending formal education?

35.00%

30.00%

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
Poverty Bad peer Child labor Laziness Distance
pressure from
home to
school

Based from the bar graph, it shows that: 16.67% child labor; 20% bad

peer pressure; 26.67% laziness; and 36.66% both poverty and

distance from home to school are the reasons of not attending formal

school.
 22

3%

97%

Yes No

3. By the time you dropped out from school, have you ever been

involved in any trouble?

The graph presented that out of 30 respondents, 33.33% were

not involved in any trouble while 66.67% stated that they were

involved in any kind of trouble after they drop out.

 23

4. If your answer is yes in no. 3, how often do you involve in trouble?

33%

67%

most of the time seldom never

It has been shown in the graph that 66.67% of the respondents

seldom involve in any trouble, and 33.33% of them never been

involved in any trouble.

 24

5. In what age are you when you usually get involved in any trouble?

6. What are the usual crime incident you are involved in?

age rumble bullying total

15-17 5 12 17
18-21 5 3 8
22-25 3 1 4
total 13 16 29

Crimes committed

O E O-E (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

5 7.62 -2.62 6.87 0.90
5 3.59 1.41 2.00 0.56
3 1.79 1.21 1.46 0.81
12 9.38 2.62 6.87 0.73
3 4.41 -1.41 2.00 0.45
1 2.21 -1.21 1.46 0.66
X^2 4.12

25

Crimes committed

age rumbl bullying

e
15-17 7.62 9.38
18-21 3.59 4.41
22-25 1.79 2.21
total
Step 1: Ho: the crime committed by out of school youth is

independent of its age

Ha: the crime committed by out of school youth is

dependent of its age (claim)

Step 2: a = 0.001

Step 3: df = r-1 c-1

Df = 2

cv 9.2

step 4: computed value 4.12

failed to reject Ho

step 6: interpretation

there is not enough evidence to support the claim that the

crime committed by the out of school youth is dependent

of its age
 26

20%

80%

yes no

7. Did you observe peace and order in your barangay?

Based from the calculated data, 80% observed peace and order

while remaining 20% of respondents doesn’t observed any peace and

order in their barangay.

 27

20%

80%
Yes No

8. If the numbers of out of school youth will continue to increase, do

you think there still be a peace in order in your barangay?

The graph shows that 80% of the respondents said YES that

there still be peace and order in their barangay if the out of school

youth will continue to increase and 20% said NO.

 28

9.
23%

77%
Yes No
Do you think when the population of out of school youth will continue to

increase within your barangay, does it affect the peace

and order?

In this illustration, 76.67% of the respondents says if the

population of out of school youth will continue to increase it will affect

to the peace and order in their barangay while 23.3% says NO.
 29

10. If your answer in no. 8 is YES, how will it affect to the peace and
order in your barangay?

36% 36%

Based

on the

graph,

27% 40%

The barangay will be unpeaceful of the

The crime rate will increase
The resident will be at risk in terms of their safety

respondents’ answer says that the barangay will be unpeaceful and

some of the residents will be at risk in terms of their safety while 30%

of the respondents says that the barangay’s crime rate will increase.

30

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5. 1 Summary
  The factor that influenced the peace and order in barangay

Logan, the youth were not able to attend a formal school

because of poverty and the distance from their home to

school.

 A youth who had been dropped from school involved in any

trouble.

 There is no significant relationship of the age profile of out-of-

school in the peace and order of barangay Logan.

 Youth aware of present peace and order situation in barangay

Logan.

 As the numbers of out-of-school youth continue to increase

the peace and order of the barangay was affected.

 There will no peace and order and uncertainly of the safety of

the residence in barangay Logan, where the effects of

increased numbers of out-of-school youth.

31

5.2 Conclusion
 Based from all the gathered data, the factor that influenced the

peace and order in barangay Logan, the youth were not able to attend

a formal school because of poverty and the distance from their home

to school. In addition, there is no significant relationship of the age

profile of out-of-school in the peace and order of barangay Logan.

Moreover, As the numbers of out-of-school youth continue to increase

the peace and order of the barangay was affected. Lastly, There will no

peace and order and uncertainly of the safety of the residence in

barangay Logan, where the effects of increased numbers of out-of-

school youth.

32

5.3 Recommendation
  The school should provide a scholarship for those students who

are financially unstable.

 The barangay officials will make a request for a school bus or any

vehicle in LGU that can be used to reach out those youth who are

having hardship by means of their transportation.

 The barangay must apply in DEPED programs like ALS

(Alternative Learning System) so that even they will have skills

to be used to find jobs that cannot cause problems in the

barangay.

 The barangay must set a curfew hour and strong rules and

regulations.

 No loitering after 7 pm in the evening

 For anyone who cause trouble there will consequence

punishment.

 Strengthen the CVO of the barangay for they are the in charge

of maintaining and observing peace and the safety of the

residence in barangay Logan.

Bibliography
http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201440

http://www.coursehero.com

http://research.acer.edu.au/Isay research/77

http://www.bls.gov/eps/home.html

Bangkok Biz, UNESCO concerned the number of out-of-school. March

10, 2015, p15, (2015)

 Appendix

Direction: Answer the following questions, put a check mark on the

space provided that corresponds to your answer. (as many as possible)

1. Is education important to you?

__ yes __ no

2. If yes, what are your reasons for not attending formal school?

__ Poverty __ Laziness

__ Bad peer pressure __ Distance from home to school

__ Child labor

3. By the time you dropped out from school, have you ever been

involved in any trouble?

__ yes __ no

4. If your answer is yes in no. 3, how often do you involve in trouble?

__ most of the time __ seldom __ never

5. In what age are you, when you usually get involve in trouble?

__ 15-17 __ 18-21 __ 22-25What are

usual crime incident you are involved in?

__ ramble __ theft __bullying

7. Did you observe peace and order in your barangay?

__ Yes __ No
8. If the numbers of out-of-school youth will continue to increase, do

you think there still be a peace and order in your barangay?

__ yes __ no

9. Do you think when the population of out of school youth will

continue to increase within your barangay, does it affect the peace

and order?

__ yes __ no

10. If your answer is yes in no. 8, how will it affect to the peace and

order in your barangay?

__ the barangay will be unpeaceful

__ the crime rate will increase

__ the resident will be at risk in terms of their safety