Polite Form

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Group 1 U Verb
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~ Masen ~ Mashita ~ Masendeshita
meet au aimasu aimasen aimashita aimasendeshita
walk aruku arukimasu arukimasen arukimashita arukimasendeshita
be wrong chigau chigaimasu chigaimasen chigaimashita chigaimasendeshita
do one's best gambaru gambarimasu gambarimasen gambarimashita gambarimasendeshita
enter hairu hairimasu hairimasen hairimashita hairimasendeshita
pay harau haraimasu haraimasen haraimashita haraimasendeshita
speak hanasu hanashimasu hanashimasen hanashimashita hanashimasendeshita
say iu iimasu iimasen iimashita iimasendeshita
go iku ikimasu ikimasen ikimashita ikimasendeshita
go be (polite) irassharu irasshaimasu irasshaimasen irasshaimashita irasshaimasendeshita
return kaeru kaerimasu kaerimasen kaerimashita kaerimasendeshita
buy kau kaimasu kaimasen kaimashita kaimasendeshita
take(cost time) kakaru kakarimasu kakarimasen kakarimashita kakarimasendeshita
write kaku kakimasu kakimasen kakimashita kakimasendeshita
lend kasu kashimasu kashimasen kashimashita kashimasendeshita
turn off kesu keshimasu keshimasen keshimashita keshimasendeshita
listen kiku kikimasu kikimasen kikimashita kikimasendeshita
be crowded komu komimasu komimasen komimashita komimasendeshita
wait matsu machimasu machimasen machimashita machimasendeshita
turn magaru magarimasu magarimasen magarimashita magarimasendeshita
have hold motsu mochimasu mochimasen mochimashita mochimasendeshita
receive morau moraimasu moraimasen moraimashita moraimasendeshita
cry naku nakimasu nakimasen nakimashita nakimasendeshita
drink nomu nomimasu nomimasen nomimashita nomimasendeshita
get on, ride noru norimasu norimasen norimashita norimasendeshita
send okuru okurimasu okurimasen okurimashita okurimasendeshita
push osu oshimasu oshimasen oshimashita oshimasendeshita
finish owaru owarimasu owarimasen owarimashita owarimasendeshita
know shiru *shitteimasu *shitteimasen *shitteimashita *shitteimasendeshita
sit down suwaru suwarimasu suwarimasen suwarimashita suwarimasendeshita
live sumu *sundeimasu *sundeimasen *sundeimashita *sundeimasendeshita
take toru torimasu torimasen torimashita torimasendeshita
use tsukau tsukaimasu tsukaimasen tsukaimashita tsukaimasendeshita
arrive tsuku tsukimasu tsukimasen tsukimashita tsukimasendeshita
understand wakaru wakarimasu wakarimasen wakarimashita wakarimasendeshita
have off, break yasumu yasumimasu yasumimasen yasumimashita yasumimasendeshita
read yomu yomimasu yomimasen yomimashita yomimasendeshita
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 2 Ru Verb
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~ Masen ~ Mashita ~ Masendeshita
give ageru agemasu agemasen agemashita agemasendeshita
open akeru akemasu akemasen akemashita akemasendeshita
be able dekiru dekimasu dekimasen dekimashita dekimasendeshita
have a seat kakeru kakemasu kakemasen kakemashita kakemasendeshita
see look watch miru mimasu mimasen mimashita mimasendeshita
show miseru misemasu misemasen misemashita misemasendeshita
get off oriru orimasu orimasen orimashita orimasendeshita
teach oshieru oshiemasu oshiemasen oshiemashita oshiemasendeshita
close shimeru shimemasu shimemasen shimemashita shimemasendeshita
eat taberu tabemasu tabemasen tabemashita tabemasendeshita
deliver todokeru todokemasu todokemasen todokemashita todokemasendeshita
turn on tsukeru tsukemasu tsukemasen tsukemashita tsukemasendeshita
work for tsutomeru tsutomemasu tsutomemasen tsutomemashita tsutomemasendeshita

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Group 3 Irregular Verb
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~ Masen ~ Mashita ~ Masendeshita
come kuru kimasu kimasen kimashita kimasendeshita

do suru shimasu shimasen shimashita shimasendeshita

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Specia Verb
exist (inatimate object) aru arimasu arimasen arimashita arimasendeshita
exist (animate object) iru imasu imasen imashita imasendeshita
 Plain / Casual form
Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 1 U Verb
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~Nai ~Ta / ~Da ~Nakatta
meet au aimasu awanai atta awanakatta
walk aruku arukimasu arukanai aruita arukanakatta
be wrong chigau chigaimasu chigawanai chigatte chigawanakatta
do one's best gambaru gambarimasu gambaranai gambatta gambaranakatt
enter hairu hairimasu hairanai haitta hairanakatta
pay harau haraimasu harawanai haratta harawanakatta
speak hanasu hanashimasu iwanai itta iwanakatta
say iu iimasu ikanai itta ikanakatta
go iku ikimasu irassharanai irasshatta irassharanakatt
go be (polite) irassharu irasshaimasu kaeranai kaetta kaeranakatta
return kaeru kaerimasu kawanai katta kawanakatta
buy kau kaimasu kakaranai kakatta kakaranakatta
take(cost time) kakaru kakarimasu kakanai kaita kakanakatta
write kaku kakimasu kasanai kashita kasanakatta
lend kasu kashimasu kesanai keshita kesanakatta
turn off kesu keshimasu kikanai kiita kikanakatta
listen kiku kikimasu komanai konnda komanakatta
be crowded komu komimasu matanai matta matanakatta
wait matsu machimasu magaranai magatta magaranakatta
turn magaru magarimasu motanai motta motanakatta
have hold motsu mochimasu morawanai moratta morawanakatta
receive morau moraimasu nakanai naita nakanakatta
cry naku nakimasu nomanai nonda nomanakatta
drink nomu nomimasu noranai notta noranakatta
get on, ride noru norimasu okuranai okutta okuranakatta
send okuru okurimasu osanai oshita osanakatta
push osu oshimasu owaranai owatta owaranakatta
finish owaru owarimasu shiranai shitta shiranakatta
know shiru *shitteimasu suwaranai suwatta suwanakatta
sit down suwaru suwarimasu suwanai sutta suwanakatta
live sumu *sundeimasu sumanai sunda sumanakatta
take toru torimasu toranai totta toranakatta
use tsukau tsukaimasu tsukawanai tsukatta tsukawanakatta
arrive tsuku tsukimasu tsukanai tsuita tsukanakatta
understand wakaru wakarimasu wakaranai wakatta wakaranakatta
have off, break yasumu yasumimasu yusumanai yusunda yusumanakatta
read yomu yomimasu yomanai yonnda yomanakatta
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 2 RU Verb
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~Nai ~Ta ~Nakatta
give ageru agemasu agenai ageta arenakatta
open akeru akemasu akeni aketa akenakatta
be able dekiru dekimasu dekinai dekita dekinakatta
have a seat kakeru kakemasu kakenai kaketa kakenakatta
see look watch miru mimasu minai mita minakatta
show miseru misemasu misenai miseta misenakatta
get off oriru orimasu orinai orita orinakatta
teach oshieru oshiemasu oshienai oshieta oshienakatta
close shimeru shimemasu shimenai shimeta shimnakatta
eat taberu tabemasu tabenai tabeta tabenakatta
deliver todokeru todokemasu todokenai todoketa todokenakatta
turn on tsukeru tsukemasu tsukenai tsuketa tsukenakatta
work for tsutomeru tsutomemasu tsutomenai tsutometa tsutomenaktta

Group 3 Irregular Verb Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
~Do ~Do Not ~Did ~Did Not
Meaning Dictionary form ~ Masu ~Nai ~Ta ~Nakatta
come kuru kimasu konai kita konakatta

do suru shimasu shinai shita shinakatta

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Specia Verb
~ Masu ~Nai ~Ta ~Nakatta
exist (inatimate object) aru arimasu nai atta nakatta
exist (animate object) iru imasu inai ita inakatta
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 1 U Verb
~Ing Not ~Ing Was ~ing Wasn't ~Ing
Meaning Dictionary form ~Te/~De Iru ~Inai ~Ita ~Inakatta
meet au atte atte inai atte ita atte itakatta
walk aruku aruite aruite inai aruite ita aruite itakatta
be wrong chigau chigatte chigatte inai chigatte ita chigatte itakatta
do one's best gambaru agambatte agambatte inai agambatte ita agambatte itakatta
enter hairu haitte haitte inai haitte ita haitte itakatta
pay harau haratte haratte inai haratte ita haratte itakatta
speak hanasu hanate hanate inai hanate ita hanate itakatta
say iu itte itte inai itte ita itte itakatta
go iku itte itte inai itte ita itte itakatta
go be (polite) irassharu irasshatte irasshatte inai irasshatte ita irasshatte itakatta
return kaeru kaette kaette inai kaette ita kaette itakatta
buy kau katte katte inai katte ita katte itakatta
take(cost time) kakaru kakatte kakatte inai kakatte ita kakatte itakatta
write kaku kaite kaite inai kaite ita kaite itakatta
lend kasu kashite kashite inai kashite ita kashite itakatta
turn off kesu keshite keshite inai keshite ita keshite itakatta
listen kiku kiite kiite inai kiite ita kiite itakatta
be crowded komu konde konde inai konde ita konde itakatta
wait matsu matte matte inai matte ita matte itakatta
turn magaru magatte magatte inai magatte ita magatte itakatta
have hold motsu motte motte inai motte ita motte itakatta
receive morau moratte moratte inai moratte ita moratte itakatta
cry naku naite naite inai naite ita naite itakatta
drink nomu nonde nonde inai nonde ita nonde itakatta
get on, ride noru notte notte inai notte ita notte itakatta
send okuru okutte okutte inai okutte ita okutte itakatta
push osu oshite oshite inai oshite ita oshite itakatta
finish owaru owatte owatte inai owatte ita owatte itakatta
know shiru shitte shitte inai shitte ita shitte itakatta
sit down suwaru suwatte suwatte inai suwatte ita suwatte itakatta
live sumu sunde sunde inai sunde ita sunde itakatta
take toru totte totte inai totte ita totte itakatta
use tsukau tsukatte tsukatte inai tsukatte ita tsukatte itakatta
arrive tsuku tsuite tsuite inai tsuite ita tsuite itakatta
understand wakaru wakatte wakatte inai wakatte ita wakatte itakatta
have off, break yasumu yasunde yasunde inai yasunde ita yasunde itakatta
read yomu yonde yonde inai yonde ita yonde itakatta
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 2 RU Verb
~Ing Not ~Ing Was ~ing Wasn't ~Ing
Meaning Dictionary form ~Te/~De Iru ~Inai ~Ita ~Inakatta
give ageru agete
open akeru akete
be able dekiru dekite
have a seat kakeru kakete
see look watch miru mite
show miseru misete
get off oriru orite
teach oshieru oshiete
close shimeru shimete
eat taberu tabete
deliver todokeru todokete
turn on tsukeru tsukete
work for tsutomeru tsutomete

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Group 3 Irregular Verb
~Ing Not ~Ing Was ~ing Wasn't ~Ing
Meaning Dictionary form
come kuru

do suru

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Specia Verb
~Ing Not ~Ing Was ~ing Wasn't ~Ing
Meaning Dictionary form
exist (inatimate object) aru
exist (animate object) iru
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 1 U Verb
~Want ~Don’t Want ~Wanted ~Didn't Want
Meaning Dictionary form ~Tai ~Takunai ~Takatta ~Takunakatta
meet au aitai aitakunai aitakatta aitakunakatta
walk aruku arukitai arukitakunai arukitakatta arutakunakatta
be wrong chigau chigaitai chigaitakunai chigaitakatta chigaitakunakatta
do one's best gambaru gambaritai gambaritakunai gambaritakatta gambaritakunakatta
enter hairu hairitai hairitakunai hairitakatta hairitakunakatta
pay harau haraitai haraitakunai haraitakatta haraitakunakatta
speak hanasu hanashitai hanashitakunai hanashitakatta hanashitakunakatta
say iu iitai iitakunai iitakatta iitakunakatta
go iku ikitai ikitakunai ikitakatta ikitakunakatta
go be (polite) irassharu irasshaitai irasshaitakunai irasshaitakatta irasshaitakunakatta
return kaeru kaeritai kaeritakunai kaeritakatta kaeritakunakatta
buy kau kaitai kaitakunai kaitakatta kaitakunakatta
take(cost time) kakaru kakaritai kakaritakunai kakaritakatta kakaritakunakatta
write kaku kakitai kakitakunai kakitakatta kakitakunakatta
lend kasu kashitai kashitakunai kashitakatta kashitakunakatta
turn off kesu keshitai keshitakunai keshitakatta keshitakunakatta
listen kiku kikitai kikitakunai kikitakatta kikitakunakatta
be crowded komu komitai komitakunai komitakatta komitakunakatta
wait matsu machitai machitakunai machitakatta machitakunakatta
turn magaru magaritai magaritakunai magaritakatta magaritakunakatta
have hold motsu mochitai mochitakunai mochitakatta mochitakunakatta
receive morau moraitai moraitakunai moraitakatta moraitakunakatta
cry naku nakitai nakitakunai nakitakatta nakitakunakatta
drink nomu nomitai nomitakunai nomitakatta nomitakunakatta
get on, ride noru noritai noritakunai noritakatta noritakunakatta
send okuru okuritai okuritakunai okuritakatta okuritakunakatta
push osu oshitai oshitakunai oshitakatta oshitakunakatta
finish owaru owaritai owaritakunai owaritakatta owaritakunakatta
know shiru *shitteitai *shitteitakunai *shitteitakatta *shitteitakunakatta
sit down suwaru suwaritai suwaritakunai suwaritakatta suwaritakunakatta
live sumu *sundeitai *sundeitakunai *sundeitakatta *sundeitakunakatta
take toru toritai toritakunai toritakatta toritakunakatta
use tsukau tsukaitai tsukaitakunai tsukaitakatta tsukaitakunakatta
arrive tsuku tsukitai tsukitakunai tsukitakatta tsukitakunakatta
understand wakaru wakaritai wakaritakunai wakaritakatta wakaritakunakatta
have off, break yasumu yasumitai yasumitakunai yasumitakatta yasumitakunakatta
read yomu yomitai yomitakunai yomitakatta yomitakunakatta
 Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative
Group 2 Ru Verb
~Want ~Don’t Want ~Wanted ~Didn't Want
Meaning Dictionary form ~Tai ~Takunai ~Takatta ~Takunakatta
give ageru agetai agetakunai agetakatta agetakunakatta
open akeru aketai aketakunai aketakatta aketakunakatta
be able dekiru dekitai dekitakunai dekitakatta dekitakunakatta
have a seat kakeru kaketai kaketakunai kaketakatta kaketakunakatta
see look watch miru mitai mitakunai mitakatta mitakunakatta
show miseru misetai misetakunai misetakatta misetakunakatta
get off oriru oritai oritakunai oritakatta oritakunakatta
teach oshieru oshietai oshietakunai oshietakatta oshietakunakatta
close shimeru shimetai shimetakunai shimetakatta shimetakunakatta
eat taberu tabetai tabetakunai tabetakatta tabetakunakatta
deliver todokeru todoketai todoketakunai todoketakatta todoketakunakatta
turn on tsukeru tsuketai tsuketakunai tsuketakatta tsuketakunakatta
work for tsutomeru tsutometai tsutometakunai tsutometakatta tsutometakunakatta

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Group 3 Irregular Verb
~Want ~Don’t Want ~Wanted ~Didn't Want
Meaning Dictionary form ~Tai ~Takunai ~Takatta ~Takunakatta
come kuru kitai kitakunai kitakatta kitakunakatta

do suru shitai shitakunai shitakatta shitakunakatta

Present Positive Present Negative Past Positive Past Negative

Special
exist (inatimate object) aru aritai aritakunai aritakatta aritakunakatta
exist (animate object) iru itai itakunai itakatta itakunakatta