Database Reporting Tools To Query and Manage Data in Relational Database Management Systems Use (SQL)

Name: Ummea Sahera Noumi
ID: 18241108
Section: BBA Management 2018 (B)
EXPLANATION
1. Find out the major capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)? Explain
those capabilities with relevant figures and examples.
Answer: The major capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMSs with relevant
figures and examples are
A. Data definition capability: It specifies structure of database content and used to create tables
and define characteristics of fields.
B. Data dictionary: An automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and
their characteristics is called data dictionary. Data dictionaries may capture additional
information, such as usage, maintaining the data, authorization; security, business functions,
programs that use each data element.
C. Data manipulation language: It is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the
database. The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language,
or SQL.
D. Report generation capability: Many DBMS have report generation capabilities for creating
polished reports. Crystal Reports is a popular report generator for large corporate DBMS,
E. Querying & Reporting: Searching file & making short report is its main job. Database
reporting tools to query and manage data in relational database management systems use (SQL)
F. Designing Databases: The database requires both a conceptual design and a physical design.
 Conceptual (logical) design: It is an abstract model from business perspective. This
theoretical representation of the data is called an ontology.
 Physical design: It shows how database is arranged on direct-access storage devices. It
shows all table structures, including column name, column data type, column
constraints and relationships between tables.
G. Normalization: The process of creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data
structures from complex groups of data is called normalization. It streamline to minimize
redundant data elements and awkward many to many relationships. 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF are
most commonly used normal form.
H. Entity relationship Diagram: This diagram illustrates the relationship between the entities
supplier, part, line item, and order. The boxes represent entities. The lines connecting the boxes
represent relationships.
2. What are the principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases
to improve business performance and decision-making? Explain broadly?
Answer: The principal tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to
improve business performance and decision-making are as follows:
1. Big data challenge: Big data refers to the large, diverse sets of information that grow at ever-
increasing rates. It usually refers to data in petabyte and Exabyte data range. Examples of Big
Data includes social media sites, jet engines that is continuously growing at a very increasing
rate.
2. Business Intelligence Infrastructure: Business intelligence has an array of tool to obtain
useful information from different types of data used by businesses today including semi
structured and unstructured big data in vast quantities including data warehouse and data marts,
Hadoop, in memory computing and analytical platforms. These are written below:
A. Data Warehouse and data marts: A data warehouse is a database that stores current and
historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company. The data
originate in many core operational transaction systems, such as systems for sales, customer
accounts, and manufacturing, and may include data from Web site transactions.
A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of
the organization’s data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users.
Bookseller Barnes & Noble maintained a series of data marts for point-of-sale data in retail
stores, another for college bookstore sales, and a third for online sales.
B. Hadoop: Hadoop is an open source software framework managed by the Apache software
foundation that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across
inexpensive computers. For example, connecting with a friend in Facebook
C. In-memory computing: It means using a type of middleware software that allows one to
store data in RAM, across a cluster of computers, and process it in parallel.
D. Analytic platforms: An analytics platform is a unified and proper solution designed to
address the demands of users, especially large data-driven companies in providing contextual
analyzed data out of all the stored information.
3. Analytical tools: Principal analytical tools are multi-dimensional data analysis (online
analytical Processing), tools for data mining, text mining and web mining. These are:
A. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP): OLAP supports multidimensional data analysis,
enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions. OLAP enables
users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions such as these in a rapid amount of time.
B. Data Mining: Data mining provides insights into corporate data that cannot be obtained with
OLAP by finding hidden patterns and relationships in large databases and inferring rules from
them to predict future behavior. Example, customer-buying pattern.
C. Text mining and web mining: Text mining tools are now available to help businesses
analyze these data. These tools are able to extract key elements from large unstructured data sets,
discover
Patterns and relationships, and summarize the information. The discovery and analysis of useful
patterns and information from the World Wide Web is called Web mining.
4. Database and the web: Many companies now use the web to make some of the information
in their internal databases available to customers and business partners. Typical configuration
includes web server, application server/middleware.

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