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    Lec - 4 Plant Sources of Nutraceuticals

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    Divya Diya
    Plant sources provide many nutraceuticals. Examples of plant-derived nutraceuticals include allicin from garlic, which has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and curcumin from turmeric, which has been shown to help clear brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fruit and vegetable waste can also be sources of nutraceuticals; apple peels and pomace contain antioxidants like catechins and quercetin, while grape seeds and skins are high in resveratrol and proanthocyanidins. A wide variety of phytochemicals with potential health benefits can be extracted from the residues of fruits and plants.

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    Lec - 4 Plant Sources of Nutraceuticals

    Uploaded by

    Divya Diya
    52 views4 pages
    Plant sources provide many nutraceuticals. Examples of plant-derived nutraceuticals include allicin from garlic, which has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and curcumin from turmeric, which has been shown to help clear brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fruit and vegetable waste can also be sources of nutraceuticals; apple peels and pomace contain antioxidants like catechins and quercetin, while grape seeds and skins are high in resveratrol and proanthocyanidins. A wide variety of phytochemicals with potential health benefits can be extracted from the residues of fruits and plants.

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    Plant sources provide many nutraceuticals. Examples of plant-derived nutraceuticals include allicin from garlic, which has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and curcumin from turmeric, which has been shown to help clear brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fruit and vegetable waste can also be sources of nutraceuticals; apple peels and pomace contain antioxidants like catechins and quercetin, while grape seeds and skins are high in resveratrol and proanthocyanidins. A wide variety of phytochemicals with potential health benefits can be extracted from the residues of fruits and plants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    52 views4 pages

    Lec - 4 Plant Sources of Nutraceuticals

    Uploaded by

    Divya Diya
    Plant sources provide many nutraceuticals. Examples of plant-derived nutraceuticals include allicin from garlic, which has antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and curcumin from turmeric, which has been shown to help clear brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fruit and vegetable waste can also be sources of nutraceuticals; apple peels and pomace contain antioxidants like catechins and quercetin, while grape seeds and skins are high in resveratrol and proanthocyanidins. A wide variety of phytochemicals with potential health benefits can be extracted from the residues of fruits and plants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Lec – 4 Plant sources of Nutraceuticals

    Nutraceuticals are considered as a components of traditional and non traditional foods that have the
    benefits of human health.

    The substances may

    (1) be part of an intact food source, such as the lycopene - in a tomato

    (2) be part of a processed food, such as lycopene from tomatoes in the recipe of ketchup and sauce.

    (3) be a fortified or enriched substance in a food, such as lycopene added to a other fruit juice

    (4) Be provided in supplemental form.

    Sources of Nutraceuticals:

    Nutraceuticals : components of plants, animals, yeast, and fungi as well as bacteria. These are termed as
    : Phytochmicals (flavanoids), Zoochemicals (conjugated linoleicacid), Fungochemicals (cyclosporin) and
    Bacteriochemicals (epothilone-D)

    Examples of Nutraceuticals Substances grouped by food sources

    Plants Sources
    β-Glucan Nordihydrocapsaicin
    • Ascorbicacid • Zeaxanthin
    • Tocotrienol • Allicin
    • Quercetin • d-Limonene
    • Luteolin • Genestein
    • Cellulose • Lycopene
    • Lutein • Hemicellulose
    • Gallicacid • Lignin
    • Perillylalcohol • Capsaicin
    • Indole-3 • Geraniol
    • Carbonol • β–Ionone
    • Pectin • α-Tocopherol
    • Daidzein • β–Carotene
    • Glutathione • Selenium
    Examples of foods that have higher content of specific nutraceutical substances

    Nutraceuticals substances Foods of remarkably high content


    Carnosol Rosemary
    Catechins Teas , berries
    Adenosine Garlic, onion
    Indoles Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussel
    sprouts
    Curcumin Turmeric
    Ellagic acid Grapes, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts
    Anthocyanates Red wine
    3-n-Butylphthalide Celery
    Cellulose Most plants(component of cell walls)
    Pectins Most plants(in fruits)

    List of some common chemical compounds isolated from plants used as Nutraceuticals.

    Chemical compounds Source Properties


    Allicin from Allium sativum l. It is a powerful antifungal antibacterial.
    It has been shown to be an antioxidant and has been used to
    treat arteriosclerosis and serum cholesterol
    Betaine (Trimethyl Glycine) Reduces toxic buildup of homocysteine.(Associated with
    from green leafy vegetables arteriosclerosis and clots)
    and germinated grains Elevated level is due to impairment of methionine to cysteine.
    Bromelain from Ananas sp. It is pineapple protease enzyme used to prevent heart
    disease, reduce the effects of aging, improve the immune
    system, and to reduce arthritis and inflammation
    Camphor from Cinnamomum Used as an inhalant to treat cold and flu.
    Capsaicin or trans-8-methylN- Used for pain relief topically and as a digestive aid when taken
    vanillyl-5 nonenamide from internally. It is also seen as a possible antioxidant for the body.
    Capsicum annum
    Carnitine ( amino acids) or Responsible for the transportation of long-chain fatty acids
    L-Carnitine from Asparagus groups into the mitochondria. To be oxidized to produce
    energy(Deficiency reduces energy production)
    Ellagic Acid from strawberries this phytochemical fights cancer in humans.
    and raspberries
    Ricinoleic acid from Castor OilCastor oil is used both externally (multiple skin problems) and
    or Ricinus communis internally for constipation, upper respiratory problems, and
    liver and kidney issues.
    Chocolate ( a mixture of cocoa Have positive effects on the heart and blood pressure due to
    obtained from Theobroma the flavonoids in chocolate. Chocolate also contains a
    cacao and vanilla from orchid) neurotransmitter, serotonin, that acts as an antidepressant,
    and other substances, such as theobromine and
    phenylethylamine. These have a stimulating effect.
    Curcumin, desmethoxy Antimicrobial activity
    curcumin, bisdesmethoxy The colorant in turmeric a fraction of which has been shown by
    curcumin from Curcuma studies done at the University of California in Los Angeles to
    longa clear brain plaque caused by Alzheimer's disease.
    Plant Glucosamine Chondroitin and glucosamine are part of normal cartilage and
    acts as a cushion between the joints.
    Glutathione (GSH) from A tripeptide, which provides antioxidant properties thereby
    cruciferous vegetables protecting the cells against damage by free radicals.
    Hesperidin (flavanoids) from Hesperitin is a GRAS ingredient that shows interest as a
    citrus-lemon grapes oranges potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
    before they ripen
    Hydroxy Citric Acid (HCA) from It inhibits Adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase ( enzyme
    Garcinia Cambogia & responsible fatty acid synthesis)and has been used in the
    Hibiscus sabdariffa treatment of obesity.
    Isoquercitin from mangoes Increases blood flow for varicose veins, and possible use for
    arterial flow as well.
    Recent studies have shown possibilities in increased brain
    functions and it might be useful in the treatment of
    progressive Alzheimer's disease.
    Licorice or Glycirrhizic acid Licorice has been used as early as Roman and Greek times as a
    from the root of Glycyrrhiza decongestant, antiinflammatory, to treat stomach ulcers..
    glabra ( Adhimathuram)
    Lignan from rye , soybean and Lignans are one of the two major classes of phytoestrogens.
    brocooli Phytoestrogens are antioxidants and have been viewed as
    reducing ill effects in the body as cellular destruction, aging,
    etc.
    Lutein and Lutein Esters from it is a carotenoid which shows healthful eye benefits.
    marigold , seeds, and also
    found in spinach, rosemary
    and kale,
    Zeaxanthin- is the coloring A carotenoid used as an antioxidant.
    agent in marigolds and is It is used for eye health and some claim will retard the effect
    extracted from them of 'aging eyesight' or Age-Related Macular Degeneration
    (AMD).

    Phenolic constituents as nutraceuticals from different fruit residues

    Fruit Phenolic Waste Residue Constituent


    Apple Peel and pomace  Epicatechin,
     catechins,
     hydroxycinnamates,
     phloretin glycosides,
     quercitin glycosides, procyanidins,
     chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins
     Cinnamic acid,
     coumaric acid,
     caffeic acid,
     ferulic acid,
     chlorogenic acid,
     neochlorogenic acid, 
    Grapes Seed and skin  p-hydroxybenzoic acid,
     protocatechuic acid,
     vanillic acid,
     gallic acid,
     proanthocyanidins,
     quercetin 3-O-gluuronide,
     quercetin, resvaratrol, pullulan
    Citrus Peel Hesperidin, naringin, eriocitrin, narirutin
    Gallocatechin, anthocyanins, delphindin,
    Banana Peel
    cyaniding, catecholamine
    Cyanidin-3-glucosides, cyanidin-3-
    Litchi Pericarp, seeds rutonoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, gallic
    acid, epicatechin-3-gallate
    Gallic acid, ellagic acid, gallates,
    Mango Kernel
    gallotannins, condensed tannins

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