`y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq e‡bi ¸i“Z¡ t evsjv‡`k †cÖ¶vcU

‡kL GwnDj Bmjvg

wefvMxq Kg©KZ©v
cv‡›Ukb Uªv‡qj BDwbU
wefvM
evsjv‡`k eb M‡elYv
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f~wgKv
`y‡h©vM Ggb GKwU A¯^vfvweK I fqven cwiw¯’wZ hv e¨vcKfv‡e Rxeb I
Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK welqvejxi cÖwZ ûgwK ˆZix K‡i| cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M n‡jv GK
cÖKv‡ii cÖvK…wZK NUbv, hv‡Z gvby‡li Av_©-mvgvwRK ¶wZ n‡q _v‡K| hw`I Zv
¯^vfvweK cÖvK…wZK NUbv wn‡m‡eB msMwVZ nq, Z‡e A‡bK †¶‡Î gbyl¨m„ó KvR-
K‡g©i Kvi‡Y cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó nIqvq N‡U _v‡K| ‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w×i d‡j D™
¢~Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b eZ©gvb we‡k¦ gvivZ¥K ûgwK wnmv‡e Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q|
Rjevqy‡Z eZ©gv‡b †h cwieZ©b NU‡Q Zv g~jZ gbyl¨m„ó| gvbyl KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ
Drcv`b, cwienb, wecYb, R¡vjvbx mn cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i h‡_”Qv e¨envi, †fvMwejvm
BZ¨vw` bvbv Kg©KvÛ †_‡K DrmvwiZ Ges evqygÛ‡j cywÄf~Z MÖxbnvDR M¨v‡mi
Kvi‡Y ˆewk¦K DòZv †e‡o‡Q Ges fwel¨‡Z Av‡iv `ª“Z evo‡e e‡j ˆeÁvwbKfv‡e
cÖgvwbZ| Avi GB ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w×B bvbv cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Rb¥ w`‡”Q|
‡gi“ A‡ji DuPz cvnv‡oi RgvUeuvav eid `ª“Z M‡j hv‡”Q| mgy`ªùxwZ NU‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q|
G‡Z cÖK…wZ‡Z bvbv ai‡Yi weiƒc cÖfve co‡Q|

BwZnv‡m Ggb GK mgq wQj hLb c„w_exi AwaKvsk GjvKvB e‡b Ave„Z wQj|
wbwe©Pv‡i MvQ KvUvi d‡j ebf~wg Avk¼vRbK ch©v‡q msKzwPZ n‡q‡Q hvi d‡j
c„w_exi cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ ûgwKi gy‡LvgywL G‡m `vuwo‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨ `vqx e¨vcK
wkívqb I µgea©gvb ebR Drcv`b A_©bxwZ| we‡k¦i RbmsL¨v e„w×I e¨vcKfv‡e ebf~wg
aŸsm nIqvi KviY| RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li Lv`¨, R¡vjvbx, e¯¿, Jla, wk‡íi
DcKiY †hvMv‡bi Rb¨ e‡bi Dci gvby‡li wbf©ikxjZvI †e‡o †M‡Q AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq A‡bK
†ekx| GK wn‡m‡e Rvbv hvq 1950 mvj †_‡K AvR ch©š— wek¦ Ai‡Y¨i AvqZb
`vwo‡q‡Q A‡a©‡K| 19 kZvãx ïaygvÎ wkívq‡bi kZvãx bq - wek¦ AiY¨ n«v‡mi kZvãxI
e‡U| e‡bi cwigvb hZB K‡g hv‡”Q ZZB e¨vnZ n‡”Q cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨| Gi d‡j
GKw`‡K e„w× cv‡”Q cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM Ab¨w`‡K Z¡ivwš^Z n‡”Q gi“KiY
cÖwµqv| NywY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm, AwZe„wó, Abve„wó, eb¨v, f~wg¶q, Liv Gme
cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M n‡”Q ebvÂj aŸs‡mi Awbevh© Awfkvc|

G Dcgnv‡`‡k c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gvb mg‡q cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv‡M©i gvÎv Ges

msL¨v µgvMZ e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q| weMZ 17 kZvãx‡Z gvÎ 2wU Ges 18 kZvãx‡Z 6wU
NywY©S‡oi †iKW© cvIqv hvq| A_P 19 kZvãx‡Z A_©vr wek¦ wkívq‡bi hy‡M ïaygvÎ
evsjv‡`k, cwðge½ I Dwol¨v DcK~‡j me©‡gvU 57 wU kw³kvjx NywY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm

1
msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k e„w× †c‡q‡Q bvbv iKg cÖvK…
wZK `y‡h©vM| cÖwZeQiB evsjv‡`‡k nvbv †`q †Kvb bv †Kvb `y‡h©vM| weªwUk
M‡elYv ms¯’v g¨vcjµvdU Gi ZvwjKvq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y †ekx
SuzwKc~Y© 10wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb mevi Dc‡i| RvwZmsN Dbœqb
Kg©m~Px (BDGbwWwc) cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b NywY©S‡o ¶q¶wZi SzuwK Gwkqvi
g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ekx e‡j wPwýZ n‡q‡Q|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j f~gÛj †h ax‡i ax‡i DòZi n‡”Q G‡Z ˆeÁvwbK mgv‡R
†Kvb wØgZ †bB| weÁvbxiv ¯úófv‡e †`wL‡q‡Q †h, GB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wcQ‡b g~j
KviY n‡”Q MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi cwigvb †e‡o hvIqv| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi fqvenZv
m¤ú‡K© Avš—R©vwZK gn‡ji D‡Ø‡Mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1988 m‡b we‡k¦i weÁvbx‡`i
mgš^‡q MwVZ nq Avš—tivóªxq Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvš— c¨v‡bj ev AvBwcwmwm
(IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)| GB c¨v‡b‡ji PZz_© g~j¨vqb
cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 2007 m‡b| GB c¨v‡b‡ji g~j¨vqb †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, weMZ
100 eQ‡i (1906-2005) c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv 0.74 (+/-0.18) wWMÖx †mjwmqvm
†e‡o‡Q| Kw¤úDUvi g‡Wj n‡Z aviYv Kiv nq †h, AvMvgx 2100 mvj bvMv` ‰ewk¦K
DòZv M‡o 1.4-5.8 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ch©š— evo‡e| cvkvcvwk mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv
M‡o 15- 95 †mw›UwgUvi ch©š— evo‡Z cv‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ AvMvgx 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mgy`ª
c„‡ôi D”PZv 10 †mw›UwgUvi evo‡Z cv‡i hvi d‡j 2500 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv c-
vweZ n‡e| cÖwZ‡e`‡b Av‡iv D‡jL Kiv nq †h, cÖvK-wkí wec‡ei mgq Kv‡ji Zzjbvq
eZ©gv‡b evZv‡m Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY 280 wcwcGg (ppm: parts per million)
†_‡K †e‡o n‡q‡Q 379 wcwcGg Ges Mo ZvcgvÎv eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 1 wWMÖx
†mjwmqvm †e‡o‡Q| mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 1870 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 20 ‡mw›UwgUvi †e‡o‡Q|
IqvW© IqvBìjvBd dvÛ ev WWF Gi Av‡iv GKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h, AvMvgx 20
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv 2 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm evo‡Z cv‡i| G nv‡i ZvcgvÎv evo‡j
bvwZkx‡Zvò I `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq AwaK e„wócvZ I eb¨v †`Lv w`‡e| Ab¨w`‡K ga¨
Gwkqv, f~ga¨mvMixq AÂj, Avwd«Kv, A‡÷ªwjqv I wbDwRj¨v‡Û Kg e„wócvZmn Livi
cÖv`yf©ve †`Lv w`‡e| Nb Nb jy nvIqvmn cÖPÛ mvgyw`ªK So-SÅv †`Lv w`‡e| Rjevqy
cwieZ©b I mgy`ªc„ô ùxZ nIqvq AwZe„wó, Abve„wó, eb¨v, AvKw¯§K eb¨v, So,
R‡jv”Q¡vm BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi gvÎv †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i|

Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡b evsjv‡`‡ki m¤¢ve¨ wech©q

evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb Dcgnv‡`‡ki cv`f~wg‡Z| evsjv‡`k Ggwb‡ZB `y‡h©vM KewjZ
†`k Zvi Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j `y‡h©v‡Mi gvÎv‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q Zzj‡e e‡j aviYv
Kiv n‡”Q| AvBwcwmwm-i mv¤cÖwZK cÖwZ‡e`b AbymiY K‡i GLbI †Kvb g‡Wj-
wfwËK Aew¯’wZ wPÎ evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ cª¯—vweZ nqwb| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Dc‡i cwiPvwjZ
wewfbœ M‡elYv Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, 2030 I 2050 mvj bvMv` eZ©gvb mg‡qi
Zzjbvq evwl©K Mo ZvcgvÎv evo‡e h_vµ‡g 1.0 I 1.4 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm hv 2100 mvj
bvMv` †e‡o `uvov‡e 2.4 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm| M‡elYvq Av‡iv Rvbv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki
DcK~jxq A‡j 2030 I 2050 mvj bvMv` mgy‡`ªi DcwiZ‡ji ùxwZ NU‡e eZ©gv‡bi
Zzjbvq h_vµ‡g 14 I 32 †mw›UwgUvi hv 2100 mvj bvMv` Av‡iv †e‡o `uvov‡e 88
2
†mw›UwgUvi| ZvcgvÎv e„w× I mg~`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Nb
emwZc~Y© I Dbœqbkxj DcK~jxq †`k ‡hfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e Zv wbgœiƒc:-

- mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× †c‡j evsjv‡`‡ki 1/3 Ask GjvKv cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e c-
vebRwbZ ¶wZi wkKvi n‡e| DcK~‡ji 19 wU †Rjvi A‡bK AskB cvwb‡Z Wy‡e
hv‡e| DcK~jxq jeY AvµvšZ GjvKv m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e|
- DcK~jxq e¨vcK GjvKvi K…wlRwg ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e Ges K…wl Drcv`b
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡e| ZvcgvÎv evovi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Ges me
†gŠmy‡g dm‡ji djb Kg‡e| Av`©ª I AwaKZi Mig AvenvIqvi Rb¨ dm‡ji †¶‡Z
†cvKv-gvK‡oi Dc`ªe †e‡o hv‡e| hvi †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡e gvby‡li Rxeb I
RxweKvi Dci|
- Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Nb Nb mvgyw`ªK So I R‡jv”Q¡vm Gi gvÎv Ges
cÖPÛZv evo‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯’ gvby‡li msL¨v I GjvKv e„w× cv‡e Ges
m¤ú‡`i e¨vcK ¶wZ n‡e|
- DcK~jxq cÖwZi¶v evua ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e| `w¶Y-cwðgv‡ji-†Kvb †Kvb
DcK~jxq GjvKvi evu‡ai wfZ‡i jeY cvwbi Rjve×Zv †`Lv w`‡e| Avi †mB
mv‡_ ev¯—wfUvnxb n‡q co‡e DcK~‡j emevemiZ wecyj msL¨K gvbyl|
- ZvcgvÎv e„w×RwbZ Kvi‡Y e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY evo‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z el©v
†gŠmy‡g b`x-bvjv Duc‡P eb¨vi m„wó n‡e|
- ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g cÖavb cÖavb b`xi ¯^v`y cvwbi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e Ges b`xi
¶xY cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y mvgyw`ªK †jvbv cvwb †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i b`-b`xi
cvwbi jeYv³Zv evwo‡q w`‡e| †jvbv cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki d‡j cvwb I gvwU‡Z
jeYv³Zv †e‡o hv‡e| d‡j DcK~jxq RbRxe‡b Lvevi cvwb I Pvlvev‡` gvivZ¥K
weiƒc cÖfve co‡e|

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wPÎ

f~-cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’vbmn A‡bK Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M cÖeY
GjvKv ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| hvi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k cÖwZwbqZB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M
Avµvš— nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k msMwVZ cÖavb cÖavb cÖvK…
wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wel‡q wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t-

1) NywY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm t R‡jv”Q¡vm ev mvB‡K¬vb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB

evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU wbZ¨ ˆbwgwËK NUbv| cÖvq cÖwZ eQ‡iB GKvwaKevi
e‡½vcmvM‡i jNyPvc I wbgœPv‡ci m„wó nq Ges Zv NywY©S‡o cwiYZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki
DcK~‡ji Dci w`‡q e‡q hvIqv mvgyw`ªK So-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi BwZnv‡mi w`‡K ZvKv‡j 17
I 18 kZvãx‡Z Aí msL¨K N~wY©S‡oi †iKW© cvIqv hvq wKš‘ MZ cÖvq 100 eQi a‡i
mvgyw`ªK So Av‡Mi Zzjbvq Nb Nb AvNvZ Ki‡Q Ges Gme S‡oi ZxeªZv µ‡gB †e‡o‡Q|
wbKU AZx‡Z 1991 m‡bi 29 GwcÖ‡ji cÖjqsKvix NywY©So I R‡jv”Q¡vm AvNvZ
nv‡b PÆMÖvg Ges K·evRvi DcK~‡j| G‡Z 1,43,000 †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvbx N‡U| MZ 2007
m‡bi 15B b‡f¤^i evsjv‡`‡k AvNvZ nv‡b NywY©So wmWi| G‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Yv‡ji
30 wU †Rjvi e¨vcK ¶q-¶wZ nq Ges 4,000 ‡jv‡Ki g„Z¨y nq| MvQcvjv, Nievox †f‡½
jÛfÛ n‡q hvq| wmW‡ii gvivZ¥K cÖfve ‡i‡L †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB Zvi wcQz wcQz 2008
3
m‡bi 2 †g †a‡q Av‡m NywY©So bvwM©m, GKB eQi 26 A‡±vei NywY©So †ikwg,
2009 m‡bi 25 †g NywY©So AvBjv, 2010 m‡bi 7-9 A‡±vei NywY©So wMwi| †mme
NywY©S‡oi ¶Z wb‡q GLbI gvb‡eZi Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Q wecyj msL¨K DcK~jxq gvbyl|
¯’jfv‡M NywY©So ev U‡b©‡Wvi AvNvZI GLb cÖvq ˆbwgwËK n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q|

2) ¯’vqx Rjve×Zv t R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi mgq mgy`ª †_‡K Avmv †jvbv cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i
A‡bK wbgœf~wg‡Z m„wó nq `xN©‡gqv`x Rjve×Zv| cÖPÛ Rj-NywY©S‡oi cÖfv‡e
†f‡½ c‡o DcK~jxq A‡ji AeKvVv‡gv, †eoxevua| NywY©So AvBjv I wMwii AvNv‡Z
Lyjbv, mvZ¶xiv Ges K·evRvi DcK~‡j †ewoeuv‡ai e¨vcK ¶q-¶wZ nq| †ewoevua †f‡½
mgy‡`ªi †jvbv cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q hvq DcK~jxq A‡bK GjvKv| Aev‡a †jvbv cvwb cÖ‡ek
K‡i A‡bK GjvKvq m„wó n‡q‡Q ¯’vqx Rjve×Zv| ‡mme GjvKvi km¨fvÛvi wnmv‡e
cwiwPZ De©i Rwg¸‡jvi we¯ZxY© GjvKv GLbI Abvevw` Ae¯’vq c‡o Av‡Q| GB
Kvi‡Y aŸsm n‡q hv‡”Q K…wl †¶Z, Rxe‰ewPÎ Ges cwi‡ek| DcK~‡ji jvL jvL gvbyl
Rjevqy DØv¯— n‡q †ewoeuv‡a Avkªq wb‡q gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q|

3) AwZe„wó I eb¨v t wek¦e¨vsK cÖKvwkZ ZvwjKvq eb¨vi Rb¨ SuzwKc~Y© 12

wU †`‡ki ZvwjKvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb cÖ_g| evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’v‡bi
Kvi‡Y wngvj‡qi eidMjv cvwbmn DRv‡bi †bcvj I fvi‡Zi e„wócv‡Zi cvwb evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖavb cÖavb b`-b`x n‡q mgy‡`ª wM‡q co‡Q| cÖwZ eQi M‡o 1094 wewjqb wKDweK
wgUvi cvwb evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡”Q Ges cÖwZ eQi 15 j¶ †n±i Pv‡li Rwg
eb¨v I Rjve×Zvi Ke‡j c‡o _v‡K| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv GKbvMv‡o nVvr AwZe„wó n‡q
_v‡K| †`‡ki b`-b`x‡Z cwj R‡g b`xi aviY ¶gZv AvksKvRbKfv‡e K‡g †M‡Q| d‡j b`x †h
cwigvY cvwb enb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv Zv Avi m¤¢e nq bv| d‡j evowZ cvwbi Pv‡c m„wó K‡i
Zxeª eb¨v| D‡Ø‡Mi welq n‡jv, evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU Ad IqvUvi g‡Wwjs Gi
M‡elYvg‡Z, 1998 m‡bi eb¨vi ci †`‡k eb¨vcÖeY GjvKvi cwigvY 18% †e‡o‡Q Ges
eZ©gv‡b c~e© I ga¨v‡ji 34 wU kni eb¨vi SuzwKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q|

4) b`xfvOb t evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ el©vKv‡j DRv‡b cÖPzi e„wócv‡Zi `i“Y b`xi

cvwb †e‡o hvq Ges Zv cÖPÛ MwZ‡Z mgy‡`ªi w`‡K avweZ nq| Gmgq DcK~jxq A‡ji
b`xmsjMœ ¯’jfv‡M cvwbi Zxeª †Zv‡o m„wó nq b`xfvO‡bi| cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i
Z_¨g‡Z cÙv-eªþcyÎ-‡gNbv AeevwnKvq cÖvq 1200 wK‡jvwgUvi Ry‡o fvOb Ae¨vnZ
Av‡Q| Av‡iv cÖvq 500 wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKvq bZzb K‡i fvOb †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
b`xfvO‡b K…wl Rwgi GK weivU Ask Ges A‡bK emZevox B‡Zvg‡a¨ b`xM‡f© nvwi‡q
†M‡Q| evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb CEGIS Gi DcMÖ‡ni
gva¨‡g msM„nxZ DcvË we‡kl‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, 1973-2008 mvj ch©š— †fvjvi g~j f~fvM
†_‡K 240 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Rwg b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| hw`I GKB mg‡q 70
eM© wK‡jvwgUvi bZzb Pi †fvjvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q| m~Î g‡Z 2004-2008 GB Pvi eQ‡i
fvO‡bi gvÎv †e‡o‡Q, Avi 2009 m‡b Zv m‡e©v”P n‡q‡Q|

5) jeYv³Zv e„w× t e„wócvZ Kg nIqvq Ges M½vi cvwb cÖevn K‡g hvIqvq ïK‡bv
†gŠmy‡g b`-b`xi cvwb cÖevn ¯^vfvweK gvÎvq _v‡K bv| d‡j ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g mgy‡`ªi
†jvbv cvwb ¯’jfv‡Mi wfZ‡i A‡bK`yi P‡j Avmvq DcK~jxq A‡ji wecyj GjvKvq
4
jeYv³Zv †e‡o hv‡”Q| †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgv‡j f~fv‡Mi A‡bK wfZi ch©š— †jvbvcvwb
B‡Zvg‡a¨ Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| GB mgm¨v DcK~jxq AÂj †_‡K h‡kvi, Kzwóqv Ges dwi`cyi
ch©š— DËi w`‡K we¯—…Z n‡”Q| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g cvbxq R‡j jeYv³Zvi gvÎv †e‡o
hvIqvq d‡j DcK~j GjvKvi RbRxeb‡K wech©¯— K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| d‡j `w¶Y-cwð‡gi A‡bK
GjvKvq eZ©gv‡b K…wl Avev` Kiv hv‡”Q bv| †`‡k 1990 m‡b jeYv³ f~wgi cwigvY wQj
8,30,000 †n±i| Avi 2001 m‡b G‡m Zv n‡q‡Q 30,50,000 †n±i|

`y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq e‡bi f~wgKv

ebf~wg Avw`Kvj †_‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i P‡j‡Q|
meyR MvQcvjvi mv‡_ Rxeb I cwi‡ek A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| evqygÛ‡ji M¨v‡mi fvimvg¨
i¶v Kiv, cvwb Pµ wbqš¿Y, e„wócvZ, eb¨v, Liv, ZvcgvÎv, gvwUi ¶q‡iva, NywY©So,
R‡jv”Q¡vm wbqš¿‡Y e‡bi fywgKv Acwimxg| wb‡gœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M
†gvKv‡ejvq e‡bi f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t

1) evhygÛ‡j M¨v‡mi fvimvg¨ i¶v t ebf~wgi MvQcvjv evqygÛj‡K weï×Ki‡Y

¸i“Z¡c~Y© fywgKv cvjb K‡i| gvbyl k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi gva¨‡g evqy †_‡K Aw·ª‡Rb MÖnY
K‡i Ges Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW Z¨vM K‡i| Aciw`‡K meyR MvQcvjv evqy †_‡K Kve©b-
WvB-A·vBW MÖnY K‡i Ges Aw´‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i| cwi‡ek weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z, GK †n±i
meyR ebf~wg cÖwZw`b 600 †_‡K 650 †KwR Aw·‡Rb mieivn K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K evZvm
†_‡K 900 †KwR Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW ï‡l †bq| d‡j evqygÛ‡ji Aw·ª‡Rb Ges Kve©b-
WvB-A·vB‡Wi fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K| Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW M¨vm MÖxb nvDR
cÖwZwµqv m„wói ev c„w_exi DòZv e„w×i Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| MvQcvjv ¶wZKi
Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW ï‡l wb‡q evqygÛ‡ji DòZv e„w× wbqš¿Y K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi
¶wZKi cÖfve Kwg‡q ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

2) NywY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm †_‡K i¶v t ebvÂj So-SÄv, R‡jv”Q¡vm wbqš¿‡Y

¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| 1970 mv‡ji cÖjsKix NywY©S‡o †eu‡P hvIqv
AwaKvsk †jv‡KiB †eu‡P _vKvi cÖavb Aej¤^b wQj MvQ| c„w_exi GKK e„nËg
g¨vb‡MÖvf eb my›`ieb evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgv‡ji Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU Ges mvZ¶xiv
†Rjvi `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvM‡ii †Kvj †Nu‡l DËi I `w¶‡Y 100 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges c~e© I
cwð‡g 80 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©š— we¯—…Z| GB e‡bi AvqZb 6,017 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
d‡j wekvj AvqZ‡bi GB eb meyR Rxeš— cÖvPxi ev MÖxb †mëvi‡eë wnmv‡e
mvgyw`ªK NywY©So, R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi ZvÛe †_‡K `w¶Y cwðgv‡ji †Rjv¸‡jvi Rbc`‡K
hyM hyM a‡i i¶v K‡i Avm‡Q| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q meyR †eówb ev ebvÂj
NywY©S‡oi ZxeªZv ev †eM 50-60 kZvsk n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~‡j †gvU 710 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© mgy`ªZU‡iLv i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki 19 wU

†Rjvi 48 wU Dc‡Rjv DcK~jxq GjvKvi Aš—f©~³ hvi AvqZb 42,154 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
mvgyw`ªK So, R‡jv”Q¡v‡m cÖwZeQiB Kg-‡ekx ‡`‡ki DcK~jxq GjvKv `y‡h©vM KewjZ
n‡q c‡o| DcK~jxq GjvKvi Rbmvavi‡Yi Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i wbivcËv weav‡bi Rb¨ Ges b~Zb
†R‡M DVv PivÂj‡K ¯’vwqZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ 1966 mvj n‡Z eb wefvM DcK~jxq GjvKvi
Piv‡j g¨vb‡MÖvf cÖRvwZi ebvqb Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i| 1995 mvj n‡Z eb wefvM ÒDcK~jxq
5
meyR †eóbx cÖKíÓ Ges Òeb¨v wbqš¿Y evua c~Ye©vmb cÖKíÓ Gi AvIZvq e¨vcK ebvqb
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q| GB ch©š— DcK~jxq GjvKvq 1,72,000 †n±i DcK~jxq eb evMvb
mdjfv‡e m„Rb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw`I B‡Zvg‡a¨B Gi GKwU weivU Ask f~wg`m¨yiv A‰eafv‡e
†K‡U aŸsm K‡i‡Q| DcK~jxq D³ eb eZ©gv‡b meyR †eóbx wnmv‡e mvgyw`ªK So I
R‡jv”Qv‡mi ZxeªZv wbqš¿‡Y ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q|

3) f~wg¶q †iva t Abve„Z f~wg evhy cÖevn, cvwb cÖevn I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi b¨vq
wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M f~wg¶q/ b`xfvO‡bi m„wó nq| MvQcvjvi we¯—…Z
wkK‡oi mvnv‡h¨ gvwU‡K `„pfv‡e AvU‡K †i‡L gvwU¶q Ges b`xfvOb †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i|
f~wg¶‡q GKw`‡K f~wgi De©iZv bó nq, Aciw`‡K b`-b`x fivU K‡i Zvi cÖevn I aviY ¶gZv
n«vm K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq GjvKvq †R‡M DVv AmsL¨ P‡i m„wRZ †KIov, evBb,
†MvjcvZv BZ¨vw`i eb gvwU ¶q †iva K‡i Pi‡K ¯’vqx I k³ K‡i‡Q| gvwU ¯’vqxKi‡Y Gme
cÖRvwZi i‡q‡Q we‡kl ¶gZv| evqexq I k¦vmg~j¸‡jv cÖej‡e‡M Qz‡U Avmv cvwbi
MwZkxjZv Kwg‡q †`q| µgvš^‡h Zjvbx wKsev cwj R‡g bZzb eb evMv‡bi gvwUi D”PZv
e„w× cvq| evMv‡bi eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ f~wg ¯’vqxKiY wbwðZ n‡q hvq| m‡e©vcwi
cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M †gvKv‡ejvq Gme evMvb n‡q D‡V GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| b`x I Lv‡ji
cv‡oi Nb AiY¨ b`xfvOb †iva K‡i| DcK~jxh GjvKvi †eoxeuva †UKmB I msi¶‡Yi Rb¨
B‡Zvg‡a¨ eb wefvM wewfbœ ebR, dj` I cvg cÖRvwZi e¨vcK ebvqb K‡i‡Q|

4) eb¨v wbqš¿Y t ebvÂj Z_v MvQcvjv gvwU‡K `„pfv‡e AvU‡K †i‡L f~wg¶q †iva
K‡i| G‡Z Lvj-wej, b`-b`x ev Rjvkq fivU nq bv| d‡j eb¨vi AvksKv n«vm cvq| b`-b`x ev
Rjvk‡qi `yB cv‡k wbe©vwPZ e„¶ cÖRvwZi eb m„R‡bi gva¨‡g b`xfvOb ev f~wg¶q wbqš¿Y
K‡i b`-b`xi MwZc_ wVK ivLv hvq|

5) gi“we¯—vi †iva t MvQcvjv gi“we¯—vi †iva K‡i| MvQcvjvi Av”Qv`‡bi bx‡P

m~‡h©i wKiY mivmwi gvwU‡Z G‡m c‡o bv| G‡Z gvwUi Av`©ªZv wU‡K _v‡K e‡j
gi“KiY ‡iva K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki DËie‡½ e„¶nxb AÂjmg~‡n gi“gqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| e¨vcK
cwiKwíZ ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g gi“gqZv †iva Kiv m¤¢e|

6) Av`©ªZv I e„wócvZ wbqš¿Y t meyR MvQcvjv ZvcgvÎv I evqy‡Z Rjxq ev‡®úi

cwigvY wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| MvQcvjv †_‡K cª‡¯^`‡bi d‡j †ewi‡q Avmv Rjxqev®ú
¯’vbxqfv‡e AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i Ges e„wócvZ evwo‡q cvwbPµ wbqš¿‡Yi
gva¨‡g myôz cwi‡ek eRvq iv‡L| e„wócvZ jeYv³Zv wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| Avevi
cÖ‡¯^`‡bi Rjxqev®ú AZ¨waK Zvc †kvlYmn evhygÛ‡j Avek¨Kxq Av`©ªZvi gvÎv eRvq
iv‡L I AvenvIqv kxZj I wmœ» iv‡L| GK wnmv‡e †`Lv †M‡Q 50 †_‡K 500 wgUvi cwigvY
GK dvwj ebf~wg 3 †_‡K 5 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv Kgvevi ¶gZv iv‡L| ZvB ebvÂj
ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi SuzwK Kwg‡q iv‡L|

Dcmsnvi
cwi‡ek Dbœqb Z_v cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq ebvÂj msi¶‡Y mKj‡K
GK‡hv‡M KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| mwVK ¯’v‡b Dchy³ Pviv †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| bZzb bZzb GjvKv
h_v-b`xi avi, DcK~jxq Pi, †eox evua, †ij ev mo‡Ki cv‡k, cwZZ Rwg‡Z, emZevoxi
6
Av‡kcv‡k cwiKwíZfv‡e wbe©vwPZ f~wg Dc‡hvMx dj`, ebR I cvg RvZxq Mv‡Qi
e„¶‡ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| wbwe©Pv‡i e„¶wbab eÜ K‡i bZzb bZzb eb GjvKv‡K AfqviY¨
wnmv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi †gvKv‡ejvq MvQcvjv Z_v
ebvÂj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡e|