CANAL RAGULATOR

Regulators across canals are necessary to water levels in the canal along a particular reach.

Generally they are constructed below a major off take or at a place where the canal hydraulic
particulars change. They are also constructed at places in the canal while negotiating a drop.

They are called drop cum regulators.

The regulators are grated structures and very often they coupled with a road bridge. They are called
road cum regulator.

QUESTION

Design a regulator cum Road Bridge with the following data.

The width of Rt beam is 5 m and left beam is 2m both at upstream and downstream sides.

Design S.L bridge with 1 RC clan ‘A’ loading

The ground level is at +22.00 and good soil for formation in available at +19.00.
DESIGN:

The bed width and bed level of both upstream and downstream are same and there is a drop of 0.25 m
in FSLS.

Because of this we can take this as a submerged orifice and the Q is calculated by

Q= C A √ (2 g h)

Where Q = the discharge in cumecs passing through the regulator vent way

C = the coefficient of discharge

h = the difference in water levels in M

A = the area of the vent way

C = 0.75may be take.

a) Vent of the Regulator:

Q = 16 cumec (D/S side discharge )

h = 0.25 Mts

Q = C A √ (2 g h )

16 = 075 A √ (2 x 9.80 x 0.25)

A = 16 ÷ (0.75 x √ (4.9))

A = L x Ht where Ht = 1.75 Mts i.e. downstream FSD.

Length = 9.64 ÷ 1.75 = 5.50 Mts.

Instead of having one 5.50 Mts length conveniently have two vents of 2.75 Mts with shutter each.

The flow of water is restricted from 15 m to 5.50 Mts. So the ratio of constriction is 5.50 ÷ 15 = 37 %.

A constriction of 50 to 60 % is considered as severe and form eddies both at upstream side &
downstream side. To avoid this trainable the percentage of constriction may be brought to 50 % by
raising the sill of the regulator.

Assume the linear water way 50 % .

Then the width of vent way = 15 ÷ 2 = 7.50 Mts.

So, the height of the vent way 9.64 ÷ 7.50 = 1.30 Mts.

So the sill has to be raised by 1.75 – 1.30 = 0.45 Mts above BL

To accommodate 7.50 Mts length provide 3 vents of 2.50 Mts long and higher is 1.30 Mts.

∴ 3 vents of 2.50 x 1.30 Mts.

The raise of the sill is to be limited to 0.40 of the upstream side full supply depth

0.40 x 2.00 = 0.80 m

So, 0.45 m raise is allowable.

The vent way arrived as above is found to give excessive water way.

As per CWPC

Q= C Bt D3/2

Where ‘C’ is the coefficient as per the drowning ratio

‘Bt’ is the clear throat width between abutments

‘D’ is the depth of the crest below upstream TEL.

Value of ‘C’
FIXING THE VENT WAY BY DROWING RATIO METHOD:

DATA upstream side of regulator

Q = Discharge = 20 cumecs.

B = bed width = 15 m.

D = FSD = 2 m.

Design slope of canal sides = ½ : 1 (always)

Area of water way = ((15 + 17) x 2 )÷ 2 = 32 Sq.m.

Q=AxV ∴ V = 20 ÷ 32 = 0.63 m/sec.

Bed level = +20.00 FSD = 2.0 m.

Elevation of TEL = FSL + (V2 ÷ 2 g)= 20.00 + 2.00 + (0.632 ÷ (2 x 9.80)) = +22.02

Depth of submersion over sill = 22.02 – 20.45 (sills) = 1.57 Mts.

DOWN STREAM OF REGULATOR:

Q = discharge = 16 cumecs.

B = bed width = 15 m.

D = FSD = 1.75 m.

Area of water way = (15 + (1.75 ÷ 2)) x 1.75 = 27.79 Sq.m.

Velocity = 16 ÷ 27.79 = 0.57 m2 / sec.

Velocity head = V2 ÷ 2 g = 0.572 ÷ (2 x 9.80) = 0.02

TEL = 20.00 + 1.75 + 0.02 = 21.77

Depth of submersion over sill = 21.77 – 20.45 = 1.32

∴ Drowning ratio = (1.32 ÷ 1.57) x 100 = 84 %

The value of ‘C’ from table : 1.58 (approx.)

Q = C Bt D3/2

16 = 1.58 x Bt x 1.573/2

∴ Bt = 16 ÷ (1.58 x 1.573/2) = 5.146 Mts.

However assume the linear water way required as 6.0 Mts. including the end contractions.

This linear water way is far less than the water way obtained by slice discharge method.

Hence provide the linear water way as 6.0 Mts making 3 vents of 2.0 Mts each. With the sill of the
regulator kept at the canal bed level.

ROADWAY

The road way consists of a clear width of 3.65 Mts (12 ft) between the kerbs for single lane bridge.

Kerbs of 23 cm on each side 23cm thick slab for IRC clan ‘A’ load.

The slab is continuously over a piers and resting on abutments.

The bottom of the deck slab is kept at 1.0 m above the upstream FSL.

i.e. +22.00 + 1.00 = +23.00

Thickness of the slab = 23.00 cms

Wearing coat = 7.50 cms

Total = 30.50 cms

On either side of the road hand rails are to be provided on kerbs.

PIER:

The pier has to be checked for stability.

The forces acting on the pier one

a)Weight of the pier

b)weight of road way with live load .

c)Horizontal thrust transmitted by pier.

Generally the weight of the pier and the road way give the stability to the pier in overcoming the
horizontal thrust.

So, the worst case is when there is no live load on the road and the shutters completely closed.

Water on the upstream side is up to FSL and no water is on downstream side.

LENGTH OF THE PIER:

Max length of the pier will be to cover the road way with its kerbs and the additional length of the
shutters operating platform.

Assume 1.50 m length required for shutter operation platform, the length of the pier required
(excluding the cut water) is

3.65 + 2 x 0.23 + 1.50 = 5.61 m.

Top of the pier is at bottom of deck slab i.e. +23.00

SHUTTERS:

The dimensions of the vent way are 2.0 m x 1.75 m.

Upstream FSD = 2.0 m downstream FSD = 1.75 m

The shutter must be at least 0.30 m above the upstream FSD.

Assuming the shutters rests in 3″ (7.5 cm) grove.

The height of the shutter = 2.0 + 0.30 + 0.8 = 2.38 Mts.

In some cases if the height is more two shutter may be provided.

Hand
Soil is available at +19.00.

Assume the thickness of concrete 0.60 m apron

Bottom of the apron & top of foundation is +19.40

Foundation thickness 0.60 m. Bottom of the foundation is +18.80 m.

The load taken by the pier = 2+ 1 = 3 m.

LOADS:

1) Weight of road slab = 3 x 4.11 x (20 ÷ 100) x 2400 = 5918 Kgs.

Kerbs = 2 x 3.00 x (23 ÷ 100) x (30 ÷ 100) x 2400= 994 Kgs.

Wearing coat = 3.00 x 3.65 x ((5 + 7.5) ÷ (2 x 100) x2400= 1643 Kgs.

Total = 8555 Kgs.

Eccentricity = (5.61 ÷ 2) – 2.73 = 0.07 m.

Allowable = 5.61 ÷ 6 = 0.94

Hence the resultant falls in middle third and no tension develops in masonry.

Hence safe.
ABUTMENT:

The top level of the abutment is +23.00 / +23.28

The top of foundation is +19.40

Assume a thickness of 0.60 m concrete.

So that the bottom level is +18.80

The height of the abutment is +3.60 m/ 3.88 m.

The abutment front faces in to be vertical to facilitate the shutter in its grove.

Keep the top width of the abutment as 1.0 m out of which 0.50 m for the slab bearing.

The bottom width of the abutment may be kept as 2.0 m.

Wing wall:

The wing walls bottom the upstream side and downstream side of the regulator will be of sloping
from +23.28 to +23.00 on upstream TBL and +23.75 on downstream TBL. Top level +23.28.
Height of the wall = 23.28-19.40 = 3.88 m.

B.W = 0.4 h = 0.4 x 3.88 = 1.55 m (say 1.60 m)

Level wing:
SOLID APRONS FOR REGULATORS:

Solid aprons as required to present the seepage. When the regulator is closed arch upstream water
and no water on downstream solid side. The solid aprons will be laid with its top level as the canal
bed level.

Assume the soil as sandy and the hydraulic gradient is 1 in 10.

We require 10 x 2 = 20 m. as the hard is 2 m.

This 20 m is derived as 6 m on upstream side.

5.40 m under the structure and the balance on the downstream side.

Assume the shutters are located in the center of the opening plat from the head lost in the creep up
to the shutter is

L = 6 + (1.50 ÷ 2) = 6.675 m.

Head lost = 6.75 ÷ 10 = 0.675 m.

Residual uplift = 2 – 0.675 = 1.325th

Assume that the tail water is at the downstream side B.L the thickness of the apron required is

1.325 ÷ 1.25 = 1.06 or say 1 m.

This can be gradually reduced to 0.60 m. towards the end.

At upstream side there will be little up lift.

So provide 0.30 m thick concrete.