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    Thermal Conductivity Prandtl Number

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    Roberto Belt
    The Nusselt number is determined by the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, which describe flow properties related to velocity and thermal conductivity. These dimensionless numbers are important for heat transfer analysis because they allow models to be scaled between laboratory and industrial systems. The Nusselt number represents the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and describes heat transfer regardless of system size. It is largely dependent on flow properties like turbulence levels described by the Reynolds number and thermal properties given by the Prandtl number.

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    Thermal Conductivity Prandtl Number

    Uploaded by

    Roberto Belt
    20 views2 pages
    The Nusselt number is determined by the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, which describe flow properties related to velocity and thermal conductivity. These dimensionless numbers are important for heat transfer analysis because they allow models to be scaled between laboratory and industrial systems. The Nusselt number represents the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and describes heat transfer regardless of system size. It is largely dependent on flow properties like turbulence levels described by the Reynolds number and thermal properties given by the Prandtl number.

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    theory (9-25)

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    The Nusselt number is determined by the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, which describe flow properties related to velocity and thermal conductivity. These dimensionless numbers are important for heat transfer analysis because they allow models to be scaled between laboratory and industrial systems. The Nusselt number represents the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and describes heat transfer regardless of system size. It is largely dependent on flow properties like turbulence levels described by the Reynolds number and thermal properties given by the Prandtl number.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    Thermal Conductivity Prandtl Number

    Uploaded by

    Roberto Belt
    The Nusselt number is determined by the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, which describe flow properties related to velocity and thermal conductivity. These dimensionless numbers are important for heat transfer analysis because they allow models to be scaled between laboratory and industrial systems. The Nusselt number represents the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient and describes heat transfer regardless of system size. It is largely dependent on flow properties like turbulence levels described by the Reynolds number and thermal properties given by the Prandtl number.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

     How Nusselt’s number relates to heat exchangers

    o The Nusselt’s number is a constant, defined as the ratio between the convective
    and the conductive heat transfer occurring in the heat exchanger.
     Show Nusselt number equation by definition
     Background/ history behind Nusselt’s Number THEORETICAL
    o Nusselt Number as a metric of heat transfer efficiency THEORETICAL
     Why Nu is used in heat exchangers in particular THEORETICAL

     How Nusselt’s Number is obtained in S and T heat exchangers:


    o Background behind Re THEORETICAL
     Re in S and T heat exchangers (turbulence, how we measure/ calculate it
    etc)
    o Background behind Pr THEORETICAL
     Pr in S and T heat exchangers (turbulence, how we measure/ calculate it
    etc)

     The  thermal conductivity is also taken into account with a dimensionless parameter, the so-
    called Prandtl number Pr. The Prandtl number describes the transport of
    momentum between the flowing fluid layers in relation to the transport of heat by thermal
    conduction. To put it loosely, the Prandtl number describes how well heat on the pipe wall
    is conducted through the fluid and transported away by the flow process
    o Thus, the following functional dependence applies to the Nusselt number in
    general: Nu = Nu (Re, Pr)

     Note that when using the Reynolds number, the type of flow plays a decisive role, i.e.
    whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. In turbulent flows, the Nusselt numbers generally
    assume very large values, since the mixing caused by the turbulences leads to an increased
    transport of momentum and energy transverse to the flow direction. This results in a large
    heat flow.

    The Nusselt number is determined in large part by Reynolds and Prandtl number—two
    dimensionless parameters that describe the properties of flow concerning velocity and thermal
    conductivity respectively. These dimensionless numbers are of paramount importance due to the
    fact that they are based on the concept of similitude; hence they are also referred to as similarity
    parameters. For instance, the Nusselt can simply be interpreted as the dimensionless heat transfer
    coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is always dependent on the specific application which
    includes, among other things, the size of the system. In the case of a shell-and-tube heat
    exchanger it is the diameter of a pipe. The Nusselt number, in contrast, can describe the heat
    transfer in general regardless of a system’s size. Therefore, heat transfer information contained
    within the Nusselt number can relate models of reduced scale in a laboratory to industrial-size
    systems.

    Heat transfer coefficients


     The heat transfer coefficient describes the convective heat transfer from a
    solid to a flowing fluid (gas or liquid) or vice versa.
     As always in thermodynamic processes, the temperature difference between
    solid and fluid is the driving force for the heat flow. 
    o The greater the temperature difference between the solid wall (Tw) and the
    flowing fluid (Tf), the greater the rate of heat flow
     Furthermore, the heat flow depends on the surface area of the solid in
    contact with the passing fluid. 
    o The larger the area, the more heat can be transferred and the greater
    the heat flow through this area.
     The heat flow is therefore proportional to the temperature difference and
    the surface area, so that by introducing a proportionality constant  “α” the heat
    flow between solid and fluid can be determined as follows:

     In this context the proportionality constant α can thus be defined as the
    relationship between heat flux and temperature difference and is called heat
    transfer coefficient:
    o α = q / (Tw−Tf )   heat transfer coefficient
     However, the temperature distribution in the flowing fluid is different. This in
    turn influences the heat transfer coefficient, despite possible identical
    temperature differences. The heat transfer coefficient is therefore also
    dependent on the direction of heat flow.
     The heat transfer coefficient is influenced, among other things, by the
    combination of the substances, surface properties, flow velocity and type of
    flow (i.e, laminar or turbulent) and direction of the heat flow!
     Also dependent on the size of the system – characteristic length

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