The document provides definitions and information on health, public health, and the history of community health in the Philippines. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Public health is concerned with preventing disease through organized community efforts. The history of community health in the Philippines is discussed from the pre-American occupation through various periods of governance up to the present.
The document provides definitions and information on health, public health, and the history of community health in the Philippines. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Public health is concerned with preventing disease through organized community efforts. The history of community health in the Philippines is discussed from the pre-American occupation through various periods of governance up to the present.
The document provides definitions and information on health, public health, and the history of community health in the Philippines. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Public health is concerned with preventing disease through organized community efforts. The history of community health in the Philippines is discussed from the pre-American occupation through various periods of governance up to the present.
The document provides definitions and information on health, public health, and the history of community health in the Philippines. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Public health is concerned with preventing disease through organized community efforts. The history of community health in the Philippines is discussed from the pre-American occupation through various periods of governance up to the present.
Foundations of Community and Public Health Learning Objectives 1. Define health and health care; 2. Discuss public health and its components; 3. Trace the history of public health in the Philippines; and 4. Appreciate the importance of public health and its application to health care system Definitions on Health World Health Organization (WHO) 1948
Defined as being “a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Health A general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and or metabolic efficiency of an organism. Health Care • Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans • Delivered by practitioners in medicine, dentistry, medical technologists, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other providers. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care and tertiary care, as well as in public health Determinants of Health Determinants of Health • Heredity – genetic make up is unique and cannot be altered after conception • Chromosomal abnormalities • Mental retardation • Congenital diseases Determinants of Health
Age – men and women
suffer from different types of diseases at different ages. Determinants of Health • Life style – the way people live. It composed of cultural and behavioral patterns and life long personal habits (smoking, alcoholism, etc.) that have developed through the process of socialization Determinants of Health • Physical Environment – includes factors such as clean water and air, safe houses, communities, and roads - all contributing to good health. Determinants of Health • Socio-economic conditions • Economic status – economic progress is the major factor in reducing morbidity, increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life • Educational status – literacy coincides with poverty, malnutrition, ill health, high infant and child mortality rates • Occupation – unemployed people usually show higher incidence of ill health and death. It can cause psychological and social damage • Culture - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health What is Public Health? The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals What is Public Health? • It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis
Based on FNRI's data from 2015, the Philippine
chronic malnutrition rate among children aged 0-2 was at 26.2%, the highest in 10 years Characteristics of Public Health 1. It deals with preventive rather than curative aspects of health. 2. It deals with population- level rather than individual-level health issues. Health Promotion • Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions Subfields of Public Health
1. Community Health 2. Environmental Health 3. Behavioral Health 4. Occupational Health Community Health • Community – it is a group of people with common characteristics or interests living together within a territory or geographical (physical) boundary. Community Health • A discipline that concerns itself with the study and betterment of the health characteristics of biological communities • Everything that affects the individual affects the family and eventually the community Community health is studied in three broad categories • Primary health care which refers to interventions which focus on the individual or family • Secondary health care refers to those activities which focus on the environment • Tertiary health care refers to those interventions that take place in a hospital setting Environmental Health • Concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health Source: http://www.rappler.com/views/imho/93995-air-quality-edsa-pollution
Soot measurement along EDSA on May 13, 2015 (Wednesday). On color scale, green and blue color indicate okay, yellow shades are bad, and red shades are dangerous. Behavioral Health • As a general concept, refers to the reciprocal relationship between human behavior, individually or socially, and the well-being of the body, mind, and spirit, whether the latter are considered individually or as an integrated whole. Occupational Health • Refers to the identification and control of the risks arising from physical, chemical, and other workplace hazards in order to establish and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. History of Philippine Community Health • Pre-American Occupation (up to 1898) • American Military Government (1898-1907) • Philippine Assembly (1907-1916) • The Commonwealth (1936-1941) • Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) • Post World War II (1945-1972) • Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present) Pre-American Occupation (up to 1898) • 1578 – public health began at the old Franciscan Convent in Intramuros where Fr. Juan Clemente put up dispensary for treating indigents in Manila – San Juan de Dios Hospital • First medical school in the Philippines (UST) • Creation of Vaccinators to prevent smallpox • Creation of Board of Health • School of Midwifery • Forensic Medicine • Public Health Laboratory American Government (1898-1936) • Military Board of Health with Dr. Frank Bourns as President – care for injured American troops • Control of epidemics such as cholera, small pox and plague. • Fight against communicable diseases such as common cold, Hepa A-D, chickenpox, SARS, flu, mumps, malaria, herpes, STD, measles • Opened UP College of Medicine – Dean Worcester • Bureau of Governmental Laboratories, which was built in 1901 for medical research and vaccine production. The Commonwealth (1936-1941) • Research in the field of health was promoted • Establishment of UP School of Public Health • Development of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) • Creation of Department of Public Health and Welfare in 1939 as Dr. Jose Fabella as the first secretary Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) • During this time, all public health activities were practically paralyzed. • Increase incidence of TB, malaria, leprosy, and malnutrition Post World War II (1945-1972) • Introduction of one-infection method for gonorrhea with penicillin • Manila was selected as Headquarters for World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Office • Strengthening Health and Dental services in rural areas ( per municipalities with 5000-10,000 population • 1 Municipal Officer • 1 Public Health Nurse • 1 Midwife • 1 Sanitary Inspector Post World War II (1945-1972) • Creation of Department of Health - In 1947, President Manuel Roxas signed Executive Order (E.O.) No. 94 into law, calling for the creation of the Department of Health. Dr. Antonio C. Villarama as appointed Secretary. Post World War II (1945-1972) MARTIAL LAW • Construction of Tertiary Hospitals • Philippine Heart Center • Lung Cancer • Kidney Center • Lungsod ng Kabataan / Philippine Children’s Medical Center • Adaptation of Primary Health Care (PHC) – Philippines was the first country to implement PHC Post World War II (1945-1972) • Nationwide program providing supplementary food for infants, pre-school and school children • NUTRIBUN – bread with vitamins • Progress in Public Health Research • Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) • Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present) CORAZON AQUINO ADMINISTRATION • 1987 Constitution – more provisions on health making comprehensive health care available • Milk code - required the marketing of breast feed milk substitute • Universal child and mother immunization • RA. 6725 – Act prohibiting discrimination against women • National Epidemic Surveillance System • RA. 6675 – National Drug Policy and Generics Act • RA. 7170 – Organ Donation Act Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present) FIDEL RAMOS ADMINISTRATION • Senator Juan Flavier (1935-2014) – “Mr. Let’s DOH it!” and “Health in the Hands of People” • Implemented the first HIV prevention program in the Philippines • Promotion of Traditional Medicine – Herbal Medicine • Araw ng Sankap Pinoy • Kung Sila’y Mahal mo Magplano Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present) • The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354), informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present)
• The bill mandates the
government to "promote, without biases, all effective natural and modern methods of family planning that are medically safe and legal. End of Discussion Prepare for QUIZ next meeting
