Lecture 2 Bone
Lecture 2 Bone
ME251: Biomechanics
Suggested Reading for Class
Nordin, M & Frankel, V.H. Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal
system – good book and covers most material well.
Wainwright, S. A., Mechanical Design in Organisms, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1982). A fantastic book and
a must read for anyone interested in biomaterials. Good sections
from experts for bone, elastic proteins etc.
Currey, JD, The mechanical adaptation of bones, Princeton
University Press, Princeton, NJ (1984). Another big expert in study of
bones and a must have book for those interested in hard tissue
mechanics.
Vincent, JFV, Structural Biomaterials, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, NJ (1990). Another excellent read written by an expert in
the field. Has a materials and fracture perspective of naturally
occurring biomaterials like bone, teeth, rubber proteins, etc.
Hayes, W. C., Mow, V. C., Basic Orthopaedic Mechanics, Raven
Press, New York, NY (1997). A must read for those interested in
bone and joint mechanics. Good all round text. Spine mechanics,
joint statics, gait dynamics, total joint replacement etc. Muscle not
covered. Written by many authors so style not consistent – but written
by many experts in the field.
Orthopaedics and Biomechanics
• Areas: fractures and fracture fixation devices,
congenital deformities (scoliosis), osteopetrosis (brittle
bones in children), osteoporosis and arthritis in elderly
– requires joint replacement
• First – How can we estimate bone strength & stiffness?
• Second – Mechanobiology perspective. Can we do
something about it?
• Both relate to mechanical bone quality and load-
induced bone metabolism
bone – living material
• Adaptive material designed for different functional
requirements
• Mechanical response of bones to loads – must
understand structure-property relationships
• Bone, passive soft tissues (tendons, ligaments,
cartilage, meniscus, joint capsules), muscles and
nerves
• 206 bones in adult human (270 in children)
o Long bones: Femur, tibia and humerus.
o Short bones: Metacarpals and vertebral bodies
o Flat bones: ilium, cranium and scapula
o Irregular bones: those that do not fit into the other three
categories and include wrist bones (carpals) and the
posterior vertebral elements
Functions of Bone
• Support and Motion: Most important function. The relatively rigid bones
articulate at the synovial joint and enable the body to move quickly and
in an agile manner.
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http://www.bushmanfitness.com/articles/articles/bone-fix/328
Coefficients of Friction for various joints and common
bearing materials
(Mow, V. C. et al, Biomaterials, V13 N2, 67-97 (1992).
Steel on Steel 0.6‐0.8
Ref:
Ice on Ice at 0ºC 0.01‐0.1 www.health.allrefer.com