Node

Platform Node  Hardware

 Software

TX - RX
Kuliah 2 : Jaringan Sensor
Software

Dosen: Ali Husein A. S.T., M.Eng Sensor ADC CPU MEMORY

Komposisi Node Node RENE (Barkeley)

 Atmel AT90LS8535 51-Pin I/O Expansion Connector

 Hardware node terdiri  4 Mhz 8-bit CPU

Digital I/O 8 Analog I/O
8 Programming
Lines

dari:  8KB Instruction Memory

 512B RAM AT90LS8535 Microcontroller
 Sistem sensor dan  5mA active, 3mA idle,
akuisisi data <5uA powered down

SPI Bus
Transmission Coprocessor
Power Control

 Sistem Komunikasi  32 KB EEPROM

TR 1000 Radio Transceiver
 1-4 uj/bit r/w 32 KB External EEPROM

 Sistem mikrokontroler  RFM TR1000 radio

(prosesor)  Programmed I/O
 10 kb/s – OOK
 Catu daya / Baterai  Network programmable
 51-pin expansion connector
 GCC based tool/programming
chain
1.5”x1” form factor

Node MICA (Barkeley) Stargate

 Atmel ATMEGA103 51-Pin I/O Expansion Connector
8 Programming  A single board, wireless-equipped computing platform
Digital I/O 8 Analog I/O
 4 Mhz 8-bit CPU Lines
 Developed at Intel Research
 128KB Instruction Memory
 4KB RAM  Leverages advances in computation, communication and storage to facilitate
 5.5mA active, 1.6mA idle, DS2401 Unique ID Atmega103 Microcontroller wireless systems research
<1uA powered down
 4 Mbit flash (AT45DB041B)
SPI Bus

Transmission Hardware Coprocessor

 SPI interface Power Control Accelerators

 1-4 uj/bit r/w TR 1000 Radio Transceiver

4Mbit External Flash
 RFM TR1000 radio
 50 kb/s – ASK
Power Regulation MAX1678 (3V)
 Communication focused hardware
acceleration
 Network programmable
 51-pin expansion connector
 Analog compare + interrupts
 GCC based tool/programming
chain 2xAA form factor

1
 UCLA iBadge
Computation sub-system
 PXA255 processor based on the XScale microarch.
 Successor to the StrongARM family

 Variable clock (100 - 400 MHz), less than 500

mW power
 Several sleep modes, rich set of peripherals

iBadge Functional Units

iBadge Functional Units (Continued)
 Main Processing Unit
 ATMega128L Microcontroller from Atmel  Power Management/Tracking Unit:
 Responsible for power management, localization, and interfaces  Battery Monitors (DS2438) keep track of energy
different functional units
usage of various functional units
 Localization Unit:
 Relative and absolute positioning  CMOS switches provides control to turn on/off
 responsible for obtaining precise 3D location of iBadge in the different part of the circuits
classroom
 estimates its 3D location using an ad-hoc localization process
 Orientation/Tilt Sensing Unit
 Speech Processing Unit:  Accelerometer combined with magnetometer
 Consists of TI DSP and CODEC provides the orientation of the children with earth’s
 Performs speech codec and front end processing of the real time magnetic field
speech of the children
 Two modes (Simple Coding or Front End Processing) of operation
 Environment Sensing Unit
based on power requirements and user request.  Temperature, Humidity, Atmospheric Pressure, and
Light Intensity

Medusa MK-2 Ultrasonic Ranging Subsystem

ARM/THUMB 40MHz RF TX Start

Running Palos 4ms Start Symbol Detected
USND TX Start (start timer)
PALOS 4ms RF Signal
RF Reception Complete
RS-485 &
External Power

ADXL 202E 15ms Ultrasound Signal

MEMS Accelerometer (for max range)
MCU I/F
UI: Pushbuttons
Host Computer, GPS, etc

Ultrasound Detected

Transmitter Receiver

2
Telos: New OEP Mote* ENALAB XYZ Sensor Node
 Single board philosophy  Sensor node created for
 Robustness, Ease of use, Lower Cost experimentation
 Integrated Humidity & Temperature sensor  Low cost, low power, many
 First platform to use 802.15.4 peripherals
 CC2420 radio, 2.4 GHz, 250 kbps (12x mica2)  Integrated accelerometer, light and
 3x RX power consumption of CC1000, 1/3 turn on time temperature sensor
 Same TX power as CC1000  Uses an IEEE 802.15.4 protocol
 Motorola HCS08 processor  Chipcon 2420 radio
 Lower power consumption, 1.8V operation,
faster wakeup time  OKI ARM Thumb Processor
 40 MHz CPU clock, 4K RAM  256KB FLASH, 32KB RAM
 Package  Max clock speed 58MHz, scales
 Integrated onboard antenna +3dBi gain down to 2MHz
 Removed 51-pin connector  Multiple power management
 Everything USB & Ethernet based functions
 2/3 A or 2 AA batteries  Powered with 3AA batteries & has
 Weatherproof packaging external connectors for attaching
 Support in upcoming TinyOS 1.1.3 Release peripheral boards
 Codesigned by UC Berkeley and Intel Research  Designed at Yale Enalab and
 Available February from Moteiv (moteiv.com) Cogent computer systems, will be
used as the main platform for the
*D. Culler, UC Berkeley course

Manufacturers of Sensor Nodes Custom Node

 Millenial Net (www.millenial.com)
 iBean sensor nodes  Consumer: TWS-433
 Ember (www.ember.com)
 Integrated IEEE 802.15.4 stack and radio on a single chip
 Crossbow (www.xbow.com)
 Mica2 mote, Micaz, Dot mote and Stargate Platform
 Intel Research
 Stargate, iMote
 Dust Inc
 Smart Dust
 Cogent Computer (www.cogcomp.com)
 XYZ Node (CSB502) in collaboration with ENALAB@Yale
 Mote iv – Telos Mote
 Sensoria Corporation (www.sensoria.com)
 WINS NG Nodes
 More….

Custom Node Regular vs. Pro

 Xbee, CC2420 dan nRF24L01
• 1-2mW • 50-60mW
• Smaller • Longer
• Shorter range (100m) • Longer range (300m)
• Cheaper • More expensive

3
Antennas How to Hookup your XBee
• Chip • Whip
• Breakout Board

• Xbee Explorer
• u.FL
• RPSMA • Xbee Explorer
Regulated

• Xbee Shield

ZigBee Network Addressing

Addressing Firmware

• Channels • Must upload with X-CTU (on Windows)

• PAN • AT firmware vs API firmware
• 64-bit address • Coordinator, Router, End Device
• High -0013A200 same for all XBees • Other
• Low – each XBee has its own address • Each Firmware has different settings
• 16-bit address (configurable on Series 1)

4
Konfigurasi dan Komunikasi Mode Text (Command Mode)
• Mode Grafik (GUI) • Buka terminal
•X-CTU (Xbee Configuration and Test Utility) • Seting konfigurasi serial: 9600,N, 8,1
• Mode Text: Akses menggunakan software terminal • Ketik “+++” untuk masuk ke command mode
• Hyperterm (Windows) • Tunggu 1 detik hingga ada reply “OK” dari XBee
• Coolterm (Windows, Mac, Linux) • Ketik command yang diinginkan (AT command)
• Teraterm (Windows, Linux) • Komunikasi “time out” jika dalam 10 detik tidak ada
• Unix/Linux terminal window command
• Dll.

AT Commands Sending Commands

• Just typing the AT command will give you the setting
• AT – just returns an “OK” • Typing the AT command followed by a value sets the
• ATMY – 16- bit address (Series 1 only) value
• ATDH – 64-bit destination address high bits • Commands use Hexadecimals
• ATDL – 64-bit destination address low bits • Always Press Enter
• >ATID 1111
• ATID – PAN ID • OK
• ATCN – end command mode • >ATID
• 1111
• ATRE – reset all settings • >ATWR
• ATWR – write settings to flash • OK