Personal, Possessive, Reflexive Pronouns and Adjectives: Isg II SG Iiisg M F O Ipl II PL III PL

Personal, Possessive, Reflexive Pronouns and Adjectives
Person Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive/Emphasizing

N Ac/D Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I sg I Me My Mine Myself
II sg You You Your Yours Yourself
IIIsg M He Him His His Himself
F She Her Her Hers Herself
O It It Its Its Itself
I pl We Us Our Ours Ourselves
II pl You You Your Yours Yourselves
III pl They Them Their Theirs Themselves
Personal Pronouns
N: We are leaving tomorrow. (Noi – subject)
Ac: They put us to work. (pe noi – direct object)
D: He told us to wait here. (noua – indirect object)
Possessive
Adj: This is our home. (noastra)
Pron: This home is ours. (a nostra)
Reflexive Pronouns
Sg: She cut herself while opening a can of peas. (s-/ pe ea insasi)
Pl: We really enjoyed ourselves at the party. (ne- / pe noi insine)
Emphasizing Pronouns
You yourself promised to help me, so don’t let me down now. (insuti)
Demonstrative Pronouns / Adjectives
Singular Plural
Close This These
Far That Those
This bike right here is mine. Is that over there yours?

These here are my shoes and those there are my wife’s.
Indefinite pronouns
-ONE/-BODY -THING -WHERE
+/? +/? +/?
EVERY- Toata lumea / toti Tot / totul Peste tot /
/ toate oriunde
+ + +
SOME- cineva ceva undeva
? ? ?
ANY- cineva ceva undeva
- - -
nimeni nimic nicaieri
*always with a *always with a *always with a
negative verb negative verb negative verb
- - -
NO- nimeni nimic nicaieri
* never with a * never with a * never with a
negative verb negative verb negative verb
NO ONE – always written in two words

EVERY
Everyone was having a great time. (+ toti, toata lumea)
Did you remember to pack everything ? (? Tot, totul)
SOME
Someone is knocking on the door. Go see who it is! (+ cineva)
( Did you travel somewhere this summer? (? undeva)) –though grammatically correct,
SOME- pronouns are not used in Interrogative Sentences in British English.
ANY
Did you travel anywhere this summer? (? undeva)
Actually I didn’t go anywhere this summer, I was too busy. (- nicaieri, niciunde)
NO
Actually I went nowhere this summer, I was too busy. (- nicaieri, niciunde)
• There can never be two negatives in the same clause in English. This is called
DOUBLE NEGATION, and is considered a MISTAKE.
Interrogative Pronouns
WHO – Cine? (people - N)
Who is that man you were talking to earlier?
WHOM – Pe/Cu cine? Cui? (people – Ac, D)

Whom did you speak to earlier? Was it your brother?
WHOSE – A, Al, Ai, Ale Cui? (people – G)

Whose car is this? Is it your dad’s.
WHICH – Care? Pe, Cu Care? (objects – N, Ac, D)
Which film have you chosen to do your review on? Citizen Kane or The Shining? (of a
limited number of choices)
• Also for people when it means “Care dintre?”
Which of the boys broke the classroom window?
WHAT – Care? Ce?

What is your favourite colour? (of all the colours)
What did you mean by that?
• Also used to ask about the exact time, hour sth happens:
What time are you going to get home this evening? Is it after 5pm? (la ce ora?)
What time is it? / What is the time? (cat este ceasul?)
• Also used when asking for sb’s opinion:
What about that game last night? Did you enjoy it? (ce parere ai despre? / ce zici de?)
WHEN – Cand?
“When have you last spoken to him?” “I think it was last week?”
WHERE – Unde?
“Where are you going for the winter holidays?” “I was thinking about going to the Alps.”
WHY – De ce?
“Why aren’t you dressed for the reception yet?” “Because one of the buttons fell off.”
Why not give it another shot? You might actually succeed this time.
HOW – Cum?
“How did you manage to get inside without a key?” “The door was unlocked.”
• How is also used in a variety of combinations, changing its basic meaning
• “How much is this shirt?” “That’s $20.” (cat costa?)
“How much sugar do you want in your coffee?” “Two spoonfuls, please!” (cat, cata,
cat de mult,a)
• “How many bottles of wine should I buy?” “Two should suffice.” (cati, cate)
• “How long have you been waiting?” “For about 20 minutes.” (de cat timp)
“How long is the A1 motorway?” “I think it’s about 200km.”(cat de lung,a)
• “How far is Bucharest from here?” “About 450km.” (cat de departe)
• “How old is your little brother now?” “He’s four years old.” (ce varsta)
“How old is the Sphinx in Egypt?” “It must be over 5000 years old.” (cat de vechi)
• “How often do you go jogging?” “Every two evenings or so.” (cat de des)
• “How wide is the hospital entrance?” “It’s two metres and a half wide.” (ce latime /
cat de larga)
• “How tall are you?” “I’m 1.75 metres tall.” (ce inaltime – persoane si cladiri)
• “How high is Mont Blank?” “I’m pretty sure it’s over 4500 metres high.” (ce inaltime
– forme de relief)
• “How about a slice of pizza?” “No, thanks, I’m not hungry.” (ce-ai zice de? / ai chef
de? vrei? – oferte)
Relative Pronouns
WHO – care (N) – folosit doar pentru persoane

A: Thomas Edison is the man who / that invented the light bulb.
Defining Relative Clause – introduce informatii esentiale, fara de care restul frazei nu ar
avea inteles complet;
• Niciodata nu se separa de restul frazei prin semne de punctuatie;
• In acest caz doar THAT poate lua locul lui WHO;
B: Thomas Edison, who was also an entrepreneur, invented the light bulb.
Non – Defining Relative Clause – introduce informatii suplimentare, detalii, fara de care
fraza are sens complet;
• Acest tip de propozitie va fi intotdeauna separate de restul frazei prin semne de
punctuatie: virgule, punct si virgule, paranteze, puncte de suspensie, etc.
• In acest caz nu putem folosi THAT in loc de WHO.
WHOM – pe, cu, la care, carui (Ac/D) – folosit doar pentru persoane
The person whom you’ve called is momentarily unavailable. (pe care)
The boy whom I’ve lent my bike is my younger cousin, Fred. (caruia)
WHOSE – a, al, ai, ale carui (G) – arata posesia pentru persoane, dar si lucruri
The woman whose purse got stole went straight to the police.
The house whose roof burnt down last night is my neighbour’s.
WHICH – care, pe, cu, la care, carui, ceea ce (N/Ac/D) – folosit doar pentru lucruri si
animale
A: The house which / that they bought is quite small.
Defining Relative Clause – THAT poate inlocui pe WHICH.
B: The house, which is located in the suburbs, belonged to a well-known physician.
Non – Defining Relative Clause – THAT nu il poate inlocui pe WHICH.
C: It had been raining all morning, which was most inconvenient for us, as we had planned
to go hiking through the countryside.
CEEA CE – descrie O INTREAGA SITUATIE, si nu un singur obiect, fenomen, animal;
WHEN – cand, in care (timpul/perioada) – poate fi inlocuit de IN/AT WHICH

The time when / at which he was the happiest was during his university years.
WHERE – unde, in, la care (locul) – poate fi inlocuit cu IN/AT/TO/FROM WHICH

The cinema where / to which I usually go with my friends is in a large shopping centre.
WHY – pentru care (motivul) – poate fi inlocuit cu FOR WHICH

The reason why / for which I’ve summoned you all here is to reveal some very important
information to you.
HOW – cum, in care (modul) – poate fi inlocuit cu IN WHICH

The manner how / in which she held her speech made us all feel very moved.
Compound Relative Pronouns
WHOEVER – oricine
He doesn’t care what anyone thinks of him, whoever that person may be.
WHATEVER – orice, oricare, nu-mi pasa
She only cares about winning, whatever the sacrifices may be.
“Look, what I’m trying to say is that…” “Whatever, I don’t want to hear your explanations.”
WHICHEVER – oricare
You have two options and, whichever you may choose, it is entirely up to you.
WHATSOEVER – oricare ar fi
There is not the slightest chance whatsoever that you’ll be able to change my mind.
WHENEVER – oricand
Feel free to drop by whenever you can make the time, I’ll be happy to have you over.
WHEREVER – oriunde
You can’t escape them, wherever in the world you might try to hide.
HOWEVER – oricum (in orice fel), oricat totusi
We just need to in this endeavour, however that may come about.
This grief will pass with time, however permanent it may seem at his moment.
You’ve made considerable steps in the right direction, however , there is still a lot of work
still to be done until you can succeed.

Personal, Possessive, Reflexive Pronouns and Adjectives: Isg II SG Iiisg M F O Ipl II PL III PL

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Personal, Possessive, Reflexive Pronouns and Adjectives

Person Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive/Emphasizing

This bike right here is mine. Is that over there yours?

NO ONE – always written in two words

WHOM – Pe/Cu cine? Cui? (people – Ac, D)

WHOSE – A, Al, Ai, Ale Cui? (people – G)

WHAT – Care? Ce?

WHO – care (N) – folosit doar pentru persoane

WHEN – cand, in care (timpul/perioada) – poate fi inlocuit de IN/AT WHICH

WHERE – unde, in, la care (locul) – poate fi inlocuit cu IN/AT/TO/FROM WHICH

WHY – pentru care (motivul) – poate fi inlocuit cu FOR WHICH

HOW – cum, in care (modul) – poate fi inlocuit cu IN WHICH

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