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Mobile Operating System:: 0G Wireless Technology

This document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 0G to 4G. It describes the key technologies and improvements of each generation including 0G analog networks, 1G analog cellular, 2G digital cellular, 2.5G/2.75G technologies like GPRS and EDGE, 3G networks incorporating packet switching and higher data speeds, and 4G focusing on high-speed mobile broadband and IP-based networks. Current research aims to further improve 4G and develop 5G technologies.

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hameed
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46 views

Mobile Operating System:: 0G Wireless Technology

This document discusses the evolution of mobile wireless technologies from 0G to 4G. It describes the key technologies and improvements of each generation including 0G analog networks, 1G analog cellular, 2G digital cellular, 2.5G/2.75G technologies like GPRS and EDGE, 3G networks incorporating packet switching and higher data speeds, and 4G focusing on high-speed mobile broadband and IP-based networks. Current research aims to further improve 4G and develop 5G technologies.

Uploaded by

hameed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile operating System:

A mobile operating system is an operating built for mobile devices such as smart phones and
tablets. These operating system work on the different architecture and have different versions.
Popular mobile phone operating systems are Android, iOS, BlackBerry OS and windows mobile.

Android:
This Linux-based OS by Google is the most popular mobile OS currently. Almost 85% of mobile
devices use it.

Windows Phone 7:
It is the latest mobile OS developed by Microsoft.

Apple iOS:
This mobile OS is an OS developed by Apple exclusively for its own mobile devices like iPhone,
iPad etc.

Blackberry OS:
This is the OS used by all Blackberry mobile devices like smartphones and playbooks.

In this knowledgebase article we will focus on the evolution and development of various
generations of mobile wireless technology along with their significance and advantages of one
over the other. In the past few decades, mobile wireless technologies have experience 4 or 5
generations of technology revolution and evolution, namely from 0G to 4G. Current research in
mobile wireless technology concentrates on advance implementation of 4G technology and 5G
technology. Currently 5G termism not officially used.

0G Wireless technology
0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio telephones that some had
in cars before the advent of cell phones. Mobile radio telephone systems preceded modern
cellular mobile telephony technology. Since they were the predecessors of the first generation of
cellular telephones, these systems are called 0G (zero generation) systems.
1G: Analog Cellular Networks
The main technological development that distinguished the First Generation mobile phones from
the previous generation was the use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to transfer calls from
one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation. The first
commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generations) was launched in Japan by NTT in
1979.

In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology, which employed multiple,
centrally controlled base stations (cell sites), each providing service to a small area (a cell). The
cell sites would be set up such that cells partially overlapped. In a cellular system, a signal
between a base station (cell site) and a terminal (phone) only need be strong enough to reach
between the two, so the same channel can be used simultaneously for separate conversations in
different cells.

As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission power allowed
new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus more capacity.

2G: Digital Networks


In the 1990s, the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged, primarily using
theGSM standard. These 2G phone systems differed from the previous generation in their use of
digital transmission instead of analog transmission, and also by the introduction of advanced and
fast phone-to-network signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G was explosive
and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones.

The second generation introduced a new variant to communication, as SMS text messaging
became possible, initially on GSM networks and eventually on all digital networks. Soon SMS
became the communication method of preference for the youth. Today in many advanced
markets the general public prefers sending text messages to placing voice calls.

Some benefits of 2G were Digital signals require consume less battery power, so it helps mobile
batteries to last long. Digital coding improves the voice clarity and reduces noise in the line.
Digital signals are considered environment friendly. Digital encryption has provided secrecy and
safety to the data and voice calls. The use of 2G technology requires strong digital signals to help
mobile phones work properly.

“2.5G” using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology is a cellular wireless


technology developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G. GPRS could
provide data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s. It can be used for services such as Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet
communication services such as email and World Wide Web access.

2.75 – EDGE is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. EDGE technology
is an extended version of GSM. It allows the clear and fast transmission of data and information
up to 384kbit/s speed.
3G : High speed IP data networks
As the use of 2G phones became more widespread and people began to use mobile phones in
their daily lives, it became clear that demand for data services (such as access to the internet) was
growing. Furthermore, if the experience from fixed broadband services was anything to go by,
there would also be a demand for ever greater data speeds. The 2G technology was nowhere near
up to the job, so the industry began to work on the next generation of technology known as 3G.
The main technological difference that distinguishes 3G technology from 2G technology is the
use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission.
The high connection speeds of 3G technology enabled a transformation in the industry: for the
first time, media streaming of radio and even television content to 3G handsets became possible.

In the mid-2000s an evolution of 3G technology begun to be implemented, namely High-Speed


Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3Gmobile telephony communications
protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G,
which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have
higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds
of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which
provides speeds of up to 42 Mbit/s downlink and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP
standards.

4G: Growth of mobile broadband


Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with
the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies. It is basically
the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. The
expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to
end Internet Protocol. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G were the
WiMAX standard and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.

One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its elimination of
circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G ushered in a treatment of voice
calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet,
LAN or WAN networks via VoIP.

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