Print Number Entered by User

#include <iostream.h>

int main()

// variable declaration

int number;

cout << "Enter an integer: ";

cin >> number;

cout << "You entered " << number;

return 0;

Program to Add Two Integers

#include <iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

int firstNumber, secondNumber, sumOfTwoNumbers;

clrscr();

cout << "Enter two integers: ";

cin >> firstNumber >> secondNumber;

 // sum of two numbers in stored in variable sumOfTwoNumbers

sumOfTwoNumbers = firstNumber + secondNumber;

// Prints sum

cout << firstNumber << " + " << secondNumber << " = " << sumOfTwoNumbers;

getch();

return 0;

Compute quotient and remainder

#include <iostream.h>

int main()

int divisor, dividend, quotient, remainder;

cout << "Enter dividend: ";

cin >> dividend;

cout << "Enter divisor: ";

cin >> divisor;

quotient = dividend / divisor;

remainder = dividend % divisor;

cout << "Quotient = " << quotient << endl;

cout << "Remainder = " << remainder;

return 0;
}

Swap Numbers (Using Temporary Variable)

#include <iostream.h>

int main()

int a = 5, b = 10, temp;

cout << "Before swapping." << endl;

cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

cout << "\nAfter swapping." << endl;

cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;

return 0;

Before swapping.

a = 5, b = 10

After swapping.

a = 10, b = 5
 Data Types

Data types define the type of data a variable can hold, for example an integer
variable can hold integer data, a character type variable can hold character data
etc. Data types in C++ are categorised in three groups: Built-in, user-defined
and Derived.

Basic Data Types

The data type specifies the size and type of information the variable will store:

Data Type Size Description

int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers, without decimals

float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers, containing one

or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 7 decimal digits

double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers, containing one

or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits

boolean 1 byte Stores true or false values

char 1 byte Stores a single character/letter/number, or

ASCII values
 C++ Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Example

int x = 100 + 50;

C++ divides the operators into the following groups:

1. Arithmetic operators

2. Assignment operators

3. Comparison operators

4. Logical operators

5. Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.

Operator Name Description

+ Addition Adds together two values x+y

- Subtraction Subtracts one value from another x-y

* Multiplication Multiplies two values x * y

/ Division Divides one value by another x / y

% Modulus Returns the division remainder x % y

++ Increment Increases the value of a variable by 1 ++x

-- Decrement Decreases the value of a variable by 1 --x

Operator Example Same as

= x=5 x=5

+= x += 3 x=x+3

-= x -= 3 x=x-3

*= x *= 3 x=x*3

/= x /= 3 x=x/3

%= x %= 3 x=x%3

&= x &= 3 x=x&3

|= x |= 3 x=x|3

^= x ^= 3 x=x^3

>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3

<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values.

Note: The return value of a comparison is either true (1) or false (0).

In the following example, we use the greater than operator (>) to find out if 5 is
greater than 3:
Example

int x = 5; char x = ‘A’;

int y = 3; char y = ‘a’; cout<<(x==y); //returns false because c++ is case

sensitive

cout << (x > y); // returns 1 (true) because 5 is greater than 3

A list of all comparison operators:

Operator Name Example

== Equal to x == y

!= Not equal x != y

> Greater than x>y

< Less than x<y

>= Greater than or equal to x >= y

<= Less than or equal to x <= y

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:

Operator Name Description Example

If x = 2

&& Logical and Returns true if both statements are true (x < 5 && x <
10)
 || Logical or Returns true if one of the statements is true
x < 5 || x < 4

! Logical not Reverse the result, returns false if

the result is true !(x < 5 && x < 10)

/* program for pre-increment and pre- decrement operator */

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

int x = 0;

// x+1 = x; 0 +1 = 1 = x first it adds the value and store it in the variable

// x-1 = x; 01 = -1 =x first subtraction takes place then values is stored

cout<<” pre-increment value is”<<++x;

cout<<” pre-decrement value is”<<--x;

/* program for post-increment and post- decrement operator */

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

int x = 0;

// x = x +1; // after the value of x is assigned then addition takes place

// x = x-1; //after value of x is assigned then subtraction takes place

 cout<<” post-increment value is”<<x++;

cout<<” post-decrement value is”<<x--;