MCG 2361 Engineering Materials II: Lecture 3: Ceramics: Introduction & Structure (2/2)
MCG 2361 Engineering Materials II: Lecture 3: Ceramics: Introduction & Structure (2/2)
MCG 2361 Engineering Materials II: Lecture 3: Ceramics: Introduction & Structure (2/2)
MCG 2361
Engineering Materials II
Ionic
The two ions (one positive: metal – cation & one negative: non metal
- anion) created in the process attract one another (Coulomb
attraction) and reach a stable configuration (of their electrons).
3
Ceramics: review
Ionic bond…
Ionic bond…
Ionic bond…
MgO
Magnesium oxide.
6
Ceramics: review
Chemical bonds that unit the atoms in such materials sometimes have
a covalent character.
Covalent bond: bond between two atoms that have partly complete
valences; by sharing free electrons on these valences and by sharing
them between the two atoms,
a complete configuration is
obtained.
Most of the time, the bonds that unite atoms into molecules of ceramic
material are partly covalent and partly ionic.
Important note:
- in reality, bonds are ionocovalent (more or less ionic or
covalent)
In summary...
11
Ceramics: review
Most of the time, the bonds that unite atoms into molecules of ceramic
material are partly covalent and partly ionic.
12
Ceramics: structures
Industrial example:
Industrial example:
Industrial example:
Industrial example:
Applications:
Industrial example:
Industrial example:
As simple crystal:
Substrate for
semi-conductors
25
Ceramics: structures
Industrial example:
As simple crystal:
Melting point
2800 °C
Young’s modulus (E)
249 GPa
Ultimate strength
138 MPa
26
Ceramics: structures
Industrial example:
Careful!
As a powder:
Active ingredient in
milk of magnesia !
(a common component of antacids and laxatives)
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Ceramics: structures
- Fertilisers
- Glass production
- Leather tanning
- Pulp & paper industry
- Plastics (PP, neoprene, ABS, UP, epoxy, etc.),
- Pigments
- Pesticides
- Sugar refining
- Additives in lubricants,
- Etc etc etc
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Ceramics: structures
Industrial example:
= rust !
- Used in numerous
industrial colorants
- Used as a catalyst
Industrial example:
‘Industrial’ example:
‘Industrial’ example:
C60 C70
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Ceramics: structures
Montréal biosphere
42
Ceramics: properties
- BRITTLE !
(a) The bend test often used for measuring the strength of
brittle materials, and (b) the deflection δ obtained by bending
Ceramics: properties 50