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    Programming in C: Constants, Variables, and Data Types

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    Yanis Kemoun
    The document discusses variables, constants, data types, and declarations in the C programming language. It describes how variables and constants are named memory locations that store data of a certain type, and how variables can change value during program execution while constants remain unchanged. The key data types in C, including integer, float, double, and character types are presented along with how to declare and initialize variables and constants within functions.

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    Programming in C: Constants, Variables, and Data Types

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    Yanis Kemoun
    29 views11 pages
    The document discusses variables, constants, data types, and declarations in the C programming language. It describes how variables and constants are named memory locations that store data of a certain type, and how variables can change value during program execution while constants remain unchanged. The key data types in C, including integer, float, double, and character types are presented along with how to declare and initialize variables and constants within functions.

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    Lecture2

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    The document discusses variables, constants, data types, and declarations in the C programming language. It describes how variables and constants are named memory locations that store data of a certain type, and how variables can change value during program execution while constants remain unchanged. The key data types in C, including integer, float, double, and character types are presented along with how to declare and initialize variables and constants within functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views11 pages

    Programming in C: Constants, Variables, and Data Types

    Uploaded by

    Yanis Kemoun
    The document discusses variables, constants, data types, and declarations in the C programming language. It describes how variables and constants are named memory locations that store data of a certain type, and how variables can change value during program execution while constants remain unchanged. The key data types in C, including integer, float, double, and character types are presented along with how to declare and initialize variables and constants within functions.

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    Programming In C

    Part II
    Constants, Variables, and Data types
    The C Character Set
    C uses:
    • Uppercase letters (A→Z)
    • Lowercase letters (a→z)
    • Digits (0→9)
    • Some special symbols (+, *, %, &, #, {, }, …etc).
    Variables and Constants
    • Variables and constants are named memory
    locations in which data of a certain type can
    be stored.
    • Constants refer to data that remains
    unchanged throughout the program
    execution.
    • Variables store data that may vary during
    program exe
    • Variables and constants must be declared
    before they can be used in a program.
    Identifiers and Keywords
    1. Identifiers
    • Identifiers are names given to various program
    elements such as variables, functions, and arrays.
    • Rules for naming:
    – Only alphabets, digits, and underscores are allowed.
    – An identifier must start with a letter or an underscore,
    and may be followed by any combination of
    characters, underscores, or the digits 0-9.
    – The name cannot start with a digit.
    – Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as
    different.
    – Optional: always choose a meaningful names for
    identifiers in order to make programs easier to read.
    Identifiers and Keywords
    1. Identifiers
    • Examples of valid identifiers:
    x, y21, sum, sum_1, taxe_rate, _temperture.

    • Examples of non valid identifiers:


    4th, “x”, order-no, error flag
    • C makes a difference between uppercase and
    lowercase characters. Example: “Age” and
    “age” are different identifiers.
    2. Keywords
    • Keywords are reserved words that have
    standard and predefined meaning in C.
    • C has 32 keywords:

    • Remark: keywords cannot be used as user-


    defined identifiers.
    Data types
    • Each variable in C has a specific type, which
    determines the size and layout of the variable's
    memory.
    • Data type specifies the range of values that can be
    stored within that memory; and the set of
    operations that can be applied to the variable.
    • The C compiler must be informed about the type
    of data you intend to store in a variable.
    • Based on the data type of a variable, the operating
    system allocates memory and decides what can be
    stored in the reserved memory.
    Fundamental Data Type

    1 byte (8 bits)

    1 byte (8 bits)

    4 bytes (32 bits)

    4 bytes (32 bits)

    8 bytes (64 bits)


    Data type qualifiers
    • The fundamental data types can be associated with
    some qualifiers for their size and sign.
    • For size: short/long
    • For sign: signed/unsigned
    • Examples:
    – short int (2 bytes)
    – unsigned int (4 bytes positive numbers)
    – unsigned short int (2 bytes positive numbers)
    – long double (10 bytes)
    • If we do not specify either signed or unsigned, the C
    compiler assume the type to be signed.
    • If short, long, or unsigned are used without data type
    specifier, it is taken as an int by the C compiler.
    Declaring variables in C
    • In general variables are declared at the beginning of a
    block of a function. A block of a function is denoted by
    { }. Variables inside of a block are local to that block.
    int main( ) {
    int a,b;
    float c;
    char d;
    }
    • Variables may be initialized when declared with the =
    operator like:
    int main( ) {
    int a=1;
    float b=1.2;
    char c='a';
    }
    Declaring constants inside a function
    • Variables can be declared using constant
    qualifiers to indicate that its value does not
    change during the program execution.
    Example:

    int main( ) {
    int a,b;
    const float c=6.022
    float d;
    }

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