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Lecture 11 - Introduction To Distributed Normal Loads

This document provides an overview of distributed normal loads in engineering mechanics. It defines surface loads and line loads, and explains how to calculate the resultant force and location for each. Surface loads are distributed over an area and specified by a load intensity function, while line loads act along a line and are specified by a load intensity. The magnitude of the resultant is equal to the volume or area under the load surface/diagram, and its location is found using centroids. Examples are worked through to demonstrate calculating resultants for common load distributions.

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Lantretz Lao
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
149 views

Lecture 11 - Introduction To Distributed Normal Loads

This document provides an overview of distributed normal loads in engineering mechanics. It defines surface loads and line loads, and explains how to calculate the resultant force and location for each. Surface loads are distributed over an area and specified by a load intensity function, while line loads act along a line and are specified by a load intensity. The magnitude of the resultant is equal to the volume or area under the load surface/diagram, and its location is found using centroids. Examples are worked through to demonstrate calculating resultants for common load distributions.

Uploaded by

Lantretz Lao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE SERIES:

ENGINEERING MECHANICS (STATICS)


Prepared by:
Engr. Raphael Nico S. Castañeda

Lecture 11 (Coverage):
• Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
From the previous topics, all the forces we considered are only concentrated
forces. In this section we will consider distributed loads that are directed
normal to the surface on which they act. The two classifications of
distributed normal loads are surface loads and line loads.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
For a surface load shown in the figure above, consider the load that is
parallel to the -axis distributed over a plane area (load area) lying on the
-plane. The distributed load specified as a function is called the
2 2
load intensity with a unit of force per area (N/m , lb/ft ). The plane region is
also called as the load area and the surface formed by the plot of the load
intensity is called the load surface.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
To determine the resultant and its location with coordinates , the
following concepts is applied:
(1) The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the volume of the
region bounded by the load area and the load surface.
(2) The line of action of the resultant force passes through the centroid of the
volume bounded by the load area and the load surface.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
In mathematical expression, the resultant force can be calculated using:

𝒜
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
The coordinates can be calculated using the equations:

𝒜 𝒜

𝒜 𝒜
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Most problems in engineering mechanics deals with distributed loads has
load surface of simple shapes. The figures below shows common shapes of
surface loads with derived formulas of and .
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Example: Given:
After a severe rainstorm, the flat roof
of the building shown in the given
figure is covered by 2.5 in. of
rainwater. The specific weight of water
is , so water at a depth of
2.5 in. causes a uniform pressure of

Determine the resultant force that the


water exerts on the roof.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
The load diagram that is produced by
the figure can be divided into three
solid shapes: two right-triangular solid
of volume and and a rectangular
solid with a volume of . The resultant
force corresponding of each of the
three shapes is equal to the volume of
the shape itself.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
The location of the line of action of
each force measured from the -axis
is:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
The magnitude of the resultant force
can be calculated using the three-
dimensional parallel force system:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Since the load area of the roof is
symmetric about the -axis and the
pressure is uniform, the resultant will
lie on the -axis. Therefore, we only
need to calculate the location of the
resultant measured from the -axis:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Answer:
Resultant force is at a
distance of from the -axis.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
In the case of line loads as shown in the figure, the distributed load specified
as is the load intensity with a unit of force over length (N/m, lb/ft). The plot
of is called the load diagram. Note that in this section we will only discuss
line loads on straight-lines.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
To determine the resultant and its location , the following concepts is
applied:
(1) The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the area under the
load diagram.
(2) The line of action of the resultant force passes through the centroid of the
area under the load diagram.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
In mathematical expression, the resultant force can be calculated using:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
The location of which is can be calculated using the equations:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
The most common shape with known areas and centroids are the triangle
and rectangle. The figure below shows the derived values of the resultant
and its location.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Example: Given:
For the given figure, determine the
magnitude of the resultant and its
location from point .
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Take note that the given line load is
not a common shape. However, the
load diagram can be presented as the
sum of three line loads with two
triangles and , and a rectangle
. The resultant of each line load is
equal to the area of the corresponding
diagram.
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
The location of the line of action of
each of the forces from the origin can
be calculated using centroids of
common shapes (right triangle and
rectangle):
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Solution:
Since the forces represents a parallel
force system, we can calculate now
the resultant:

The location of the resultant from the


origin can be calculated by summing
up moments at point .
Introduction to Distributed Normal Loads
Answer:
Resultant at a distance
of from point .
Let’s Practice!
Practice Problem: Given:
At a certain time during a hurricane,
the wind pressure acting on the wall of
a high-rise building varies linearly as
shown. Determine the resultant force
caused by the wind.

Answer:
R = −76 970j lb passing through
point (59.1 ft, 0, 135.6 ft)
Let’s Practice!
Practice Problem: Given:
The resultant of the line loads acting
on the beam AB is a couple CR.
Determine the distance “a" and the
couple CR.

Answer:
a = 3.2 ft, CR = 768 lb-ft
END OF LECTURE

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