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    Boyce ODEch 2 S MP 43

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    Elza Dwi Putri
    The document summarizes how to solve a special type of second order differential equation where the independent variable is missing. These can be transformed into a first order equation by making a substitution of v=y' and using the chain rule. This results in a first order equation that can be solved for v as a function of y, and then integrating to find the relation between y and t, resulting in the solution containing two arbitrary constants. As an example, it shows the steps to solve the equation y''+y=0 using this method, which results in the solution y(t)=C1sin(t+C2).

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    Boyce ODEch 2 S MP 43

    Uploaded by

    Elza Dwi Putri
    44 views2 pages
    The document summarizes how to solve a special type of second order differential equation where the independent variable is missing. These can be transformed into a first order equation by making a substitution of v=y' and using the chain rule. This results in a first order equation that can be solved for v as a function of y, and then integrating to find the relation between y and t, resulting in the solution containing two arbitrary constants. As an example, it shows the steps to solve the equation y''+y=0 using this method, which results in the solution y(t)=C1sin(t+C2).

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    The document summarizes how to solve a special type of second order differential equation where the independent variable is missing. These can be transformed into a first order equation by making a substitution of v=y' and using the chain rule. This results in a first order equation that can be solved for v as a function of y, and then integrating to find the relation between y and t, resulting in the solution containing two arbitrary constants. As an example, it shows the steps to solve the equation y''+y=0 using this method, which results in the solution y(t)=C1sin(t+C2).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views2 pages

    Boyce ODEch 2 S MP 43

    Uploaded by

    Elza Dwi Putri
    The document summarizes how to solve a special type of second order differential equation where the independent variable is missing. These can be transformed into a first order equation by making a substitution of v=y' and using the chain rule. This results in a first order equation that can be solved for v as a function of y, and then integrating to find the relation between y and t, resulting in the solution containing two arbitrary constants. As an example, it shows the steps to solve the equation y''+y=0 using this method, which results in the solution y(t)=C1sin(t+C2).

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 2

    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.

    M - Problem 43 Page 1 of 2

    Problem 43
    Some Special Second Order Equations. Second order equations involve the second derivative
    of the unknown function and have the general form y 00 = f (t, y, y 0 ). Usually such equations cannot
    be solved by methods designed for first order equations. However, there are two types of second
    order equations that can be transformed into first order equations by a suitable change of
    variable. The resulting equation can sometimes be solved by the methods presented in this
    chapter. Problems 36 through 51 deal with these types of equations.

    Equations with the Independent Variable Missing. Consider second order differential
    equations of the form y 00 = f (y, y 0 ), in which the independent variable t does not appear
    explicitly. If we let v = y 0 , then we obtain dv/dt = f (y, v). Since the right side of this equation
    depends on y and v, rather than on t and v, this equation contains too many variables. However,
    if we think of y as the independent variable, then by the chain rule,
    dv/dt = (dv/dy)(dy/dt) = v(dv/dy). Hence the original differential equation can be written as
    v(dv/dy) = f (y, v). Provided that this first order equation can be solved, we obtain v as a
    function of y. A relation between y and t results from solving dy/dt = v(y), which is a separable
    equation. Again, there are two arbitrary constants in the final result. In each of Problems 42
    through 47, use this method to solve the given differential equation.

    y 00 + y = 0

    Solution

    Make the substitution v = y 0 . Then v 0 = y 00 , but v 0 can be written as


    dv dv dy dv
    = = v
    dt dy dt dy
    by the chain rule. Consequently, the ODE that v satisfies is
    dv
    v + y = 0,
    dy
    which can be solved by separating variables.
    dv
    v = −y
    dy
    v dv = −y dy
    Integrate both sides.
    1 2 1
    v = − y2 + C
    2 2
    Multiply both sides by 2.
    v 2 = −y 2 + 2C
    So then p
    v(y) = ± −y 2 + 2C.
    Change back to y 0 .
    dy p
    = ± −y 2 + 2C
    dt

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    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.M - Problem 43 Page 2 of 2

    Separate variables once more.


    dy
    p = ±dt
    −y 2 + 2C
    Integrate both sides. ˆ
    dy
    p = ±t + B
    −y 2 + 2C
    The quantity under the square root must be positive, so use a new constant µ2 for 2C.
    ˆ
    dy
    p = ±t + B
    µ2 − y 2
    y
    sin−1 = ±t + B
    µ
    y
    = sin(±t + B)
    µ
    y(t) = µ sin(±t + B)
    y(t) = ±µ sin(t ± B)
    Therefore, using C1 = ±µ and C2 = ±B,

    y(t) = C1 sin(t + C2 ).

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