The Papua New Guinea University of Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

CE 322 – Hydraulics II Semester II Year 2020

Assignment 1 Due date: 26th of August,2020

1. Water upon leaving the spillway of a dam passes over a level concrete apron 60 m. wide. The
conditions are such that a hydraulic jump will form on the apron. When the discharge is 4.65
per meter width of channel. The velocity where the water leaves the spillway is 13.5 m/s
and the depth after the jump is 3 m.
a. Calculate the depth of water where the jump occurs.
b. Determine the distance downstream from the foot of the spillway to the place where the
jump occurs assuming n=0.012.
c. How much energy is lost from the foot of the spillway to the downstream side of the jump?

Solution
a. Depth of water where the jump occurs

( )( )

( )

b. Distance downstream from the foot of spillway to the place where the jump occurs:

( )

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 1

 ( )
( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 2

 ( )
( ) ( )
( )

( ) 6.4285

( )
( ) ( )
( )

( )

c. Energy lost from foot of spillway to the downstream side:

( )

( )
( )

( )( )( )

2. A hydraulic jump occurs in a trapezoidal channel with side slopes of 1:1 and base of 4 m. If the
upstream depth before the jump is 1.0 m. and the downstream depth is 2 m;
a. Determine the discharge.
b. Determine the Froude Number after the jump.
c. Determine the head loss after the jump.

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 3

 2. a. Discharge

( )( )

[ ]

( )
( )* +

( )( )

[ ]

( )
* +

0.889

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 ( )

( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

b. Froude Number after the jump

√ ( )

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 5

 c. Head loss after the jump.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

3. A hydraulic jump occurs in a triangular flume having side slopes of 1:1. The flow rate is 0.502
and the depth before the jump is 0.30 m.
a. Calculate the height of the jump.
b. Calculate the specific energy loss in the jump.
c. Calculate the Froude Number after the jump.

Solution

a. Height of the jump

( )

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 6

 ( )

( )

( )
( )

( )

( )
( ) * +

* +

Solving for ( )
Height of jump = 0.902-0.30
Height of jump = 0.602 m.

b. Specific energy loss in the jump

( ) ( )

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 7

 ( )

( ) ( )
* + * +
( ) ( )

c. Froude number after the jump

√ ( )

4. For a flow rate of 9 on a rectangular channel shown having a width of 3 m., where a
hydraulic jump occurs.

a. Calculate the depth

b. Calculate the depth at point 2.
c. Calculate the velocity at section 2.

Solution
a. Depth :

( )

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 ( )

( ) ( )
( )

( )( )

for ( )

b. Depth at point 2:

( )

( ) ( )

c. Velocity at point 2:

( )

5. A horizontal rectangle channel of constant width is fitted with a sluice gate. When the
sluice gate is opened, water issues with a velocity of 6 m/sec and a depth of 0.5 m at
the venacoutreata. Determine whether a hydraulic jump will form or not. If so, calculate
the energy dissipated.

6. The elasticity and dimensions of the pipe are such that the celerity of the pressure wave
is 976 m/s.
The pipe has a length of 600 m. from the reservoir with a diameter of 1.20 m. The flow
rate initially is 0.85 of water.
a. Calculate the water hammer at the valve if it is closed in 4 sec.
b. Calculate the water hammer pressure at the valve if it is manipulated so that the
flow rate drops almost instantly from 0.85 to 0.28 .
c. Calculate the maximum water hammer pressure at a point in the pipe 90 m. from
the reservoir if a 1.0 sec. valve closure reduces the flow rate from 0.28 to 0.

CE 322 Assignment 1, 2020 Page 9

 Solution

a. Water hammer at the valve if it is closed in 4 sec:

For instantaneous valve closure.

( )

( )( )

( )

Water Hammer Pressure if closed in 4 seconds

( )

b. Water hammer pressure if the flow rate drops from 0.85 to 0.28 .

( )

( )

( )( )

c. Water hammer pressure at a point 90 m. from the reservoir if a 1.0 sec. valve closure reduces the
flow rate from 0.28 to 0.

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(

Water hammer pressure at the valve:

( )

( )( )

Water hammer pressure at 90 m. from the reservoir;

( )

7. Water from a reservoir flowing through a pipe having a diameter of 600 mm with a
velocity of 1.75 m/s is completely stopped by a closure of a valve situated 150 m. from
the reservoir. Assume that the pressure increases at a uniform rate and there is no
damping of the pressure wave. The pipe has a thickness of 20 mm and bulk modulus of
water is 2.2 N/ and modulus of elasticity of steel is 1.4 N/
a. Calculate the celerity of the pressure wave.
b. Calculate the equivalent bulk modulus of water.
c. Calculate the pressure on the pipe after the closure of the valve.

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Solution:

a. Celerity of pressure wave:

√
( )

√ ( )
[ ]
( )

b. Equivalent bulk modulus of water:

c. Pressure on the pipe after the closure of the valve:

( )( )

8. A rigid pipe has a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 1020 m. Water having a bulk
modulus of 2.0164 flows in the pipe.
a. Calculate the velocity of sound in the water.
b. Calculate the maximum permissible discharge in litres per second if the water
hammer pressure does not exceed 1400 kPa when the outlet valve is suddenly
closed.
c. Calculate the rise in pressure due to sudden closure of the outlet valve when the
valve closure takes 4 seconds.

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 SOLUTION
a. Velocity of sound in water:

( )

b. Max. permissible discharge;

( )

( ) ( )

c. Max. rise in pressure:

( )

( )

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