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Chapter 2: First Order Differential Equations: Definitions

This document summarizes key concepts, theorems, skills, and applications from Chapter 2 of the textbook Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. It covers first order differential equations, including definitions, methods for solving separable, homogeneous, implicit, Bernoulli, and logistic equations. It discusses existence and uniqueness of solutions, stability of equilibrium solutions, integrating factors, exact equations, and numerical methods like Euler's method. Important skills include classifying linear/nonlinear equations, solving using integrating factors, graphing integral curves, performing necessary integrals, and applying qualitative concepts like thresholds and stability. Relevant applications include mixing problems, compound interest, gravitational motion, and radioactive decay.

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59 views

Chapter 2: First Order Differential Equations: Definitions

This document summarizes key concepts, theorems, skills, and applications from Chapter 2 of the textbook Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. It covers first order differential equations, including definitions, methods for solving separable, homogeneous, implicit, Bernoulli, and logistic equations. It discusses existence and uniqueness of solutions, stability of equilibrium solutions, integrating factors, exact equations, and numerical methods like Euler's method. Important skills include classifying linear/nonlinear equations, solving using integrating factors, graphing integral curves, performing necessary integrals, and applying qualitative concepts like thresholds and stability. Relevant applications include mixing problems, compound interest, gravitational motion, and radioactive decay.

Uploaded by

Anonymous OrhjVLXO5s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Review Sheets for

Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 8e

Chapter 2: First Order Differential Equations

Definitions:
• First Order Ordinary Differential Equation
• Integrating Factor, Integral Curves
• Variation of parameters (p. 41)
• Separable
• Homogeneous differential equations (p. 49)
• Implicit solutions (p. 74)
• Bernoulli Equations (p. 77)
• Logistic equations, intrinsic growth rate (p. 79)
• Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions General Solutions,
• Autonomous, Logistic Growth, Equilibrium Solutions,
• Stable solutions, asymptotically stable solutions, unstable equilibrium solution (p. 83)
• Threshold (p. 87)
• Integrating factors, Exact equations (p. 94-98)
• Critical Points Exact ODE
• Tangent Line Method (Euler's Method)
• First Order Difference Equation
• Method of successive approximations (p. 111)

Theorems:
• Theorem 2.4.1: Existence and uniqueness of solutions to linear first order ODE's.
• Theorem 2.4.2: Existence and uniqueness of solutions to first order IVP’s
• Theorem 2.6.1: Existence and uniqueness of solutions to exact first order ODE's.
• Theorem 2.8.1: Restatement and elaboration of theorem 2.4.2.

Important Skills:
• Be able to determine if a first order differential equation is linear or nonlinear. Equation (3) on page 32
gives the form for a linear ODE.
• If the differential equation is linear, compute the integrating factor, and then the general solution
(Example 4, p. 38)
• Be able to graph integral curves for an ODE. (Example 4, p. 38)
• If it's nonlinear, is it separable? If it's separable, you will need to compute two different integrals.
• It crucial to know integration of basic functions and integral methods from your calculus course. For
Example, various substitutions, integration by parts, and partial fractions will all be utilized (Examples
2&3, p. 44 & 46)
• If the differential equation is not separable, is it exact? If so, solve it using the method in section 2.6
(Example 2, p. 92)
• If it isn't separable or exact, check for substitutions that would convert it into a linear equation, nonlinear
equation that is then separable. For example, exercises 27-31 in section 2.4, show how)
• Bernoulli equations can be transformed into linear equations.
• What happens to solutions as time tends to infinity? Understand stability, asymptotic stability and
instability.
Chapter Review Sheets for
Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 8e

• These important qualitative classifications are at the heart of dynamical systems. Important with this is
the concept of a threshold value (Section 2.5)
• Know how to obtain approximate solutions using Euler's method if an analytical solution cannot be
found. (Example 2, p.104)
• Understand the three steps in the process of mathematical modeling: construction of the model, analysis
of the model, and comparison with experiment or observation. (Example 3 p. 54)
• Determine the existence and uniqueness of solutions to differential equations. (Example 2, p. 61)
• Know how to recognize autonomous equations, and utilize the direction field to represent solution
to them. Be able to determine asymptotically stable, semi-stable, and unstable equilibrium solutions.
(Example 1, p. 83)

Relevant Applications:
• Mixing Problems, Compound Interest, Motion in a Gravitational Field, Radioactive Carbon Do

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