8 X October 2020

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.31814
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue X Oct 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

Power Generation using Waste Heat from

Condenser of Vapour Compression Refrigeration
System
Faris V F1, Dr. Jacob Elias2,
1, 2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, CUSAT, India

Abstract: In this work, a detailed analytical study of the topic power generation using waste heat from condenser of vapour
compression refrigeration system were done. Here, a phase change material (PCM) cycle is incorporated along with basic
vapour compression refrigeration system. Enormous amount of waste heat energy is released from the conventional vapour
compression refrigeration system to the atmosphere through condenser. This project conduct the work on 200 TR Chiller of
R410A refrigerant. For 200 TR chiller, amount of 739.7 kW of heat energy is liberated to atmosphere with refrigerant mass flow
rate of 5.22 kg/s. Here the waste heat that liberated from the condenser of vapour compression refrigeration system is absorbed
by colourless phase change material (PCM), Trichlorouoromethane, also called freon-11, CFC-11, or R-11. It is non-flammable,
noncorrosive, non-explosive and sweetish odor liquid that boils at room temperature. Mass flow rate of R11 fluid used in this
project is 3.778 kg/s. First, liquid form of R11 PCM is converted into superheated gaseous form by absorbing the latent heat and
sensible heat from the condenser of vapour compression refrigeration system. This gaseous PCM passes through turbine, hence
turbine rotates and power is develops. The pressure of PCM reduces when it passes through turbine. The condition of PCM at
the exit of turbine is of dryness fraction of 0.85. This PCM is pass through the condenser and get cooled by liberating heat
energy to atmosphere. By liberating heat energy it become saturated liquid. Then PCM is pumped by external pump driven by
part of power from the turbine. Then this PCM is again go to heat absorbing medium to absorb waste heat from vapour
compression refrigeration system, hence cycle is completed. The ultimate goal of this project is analysis of the power develop by
the turbine through this. Here, shell and tube heat exchanger is used for both heat absorbing medium and heat releasing
medium for R11. For heat absorbing medium R410a is used as shell side fluid and R11 is used as tube side fluid. For heat
releasing medium, water or air is used as shell side fluid and R11 is used as tube side fluid. In this project, it is used a centrifugal
pump for pumping application.
Keywords: PCM, R410A, Trichlorofluoromethane, Heat exchanger, Turbine.

I. INTRODUCTION
There is an enormous amount of waste heat energy, that released from the condenser of vapor compression refrigeration system and
this waste heat energy is simply dumped into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic
purpose. Amount of waste heat energy liberated from condenser of vapor compression refrigeration system is 25% more than heat
energy absorbed by refrigerant on evaporator at which cooling creates. Similarly large quantity of heat energy is generated from
Boilers, Kilns, Ovens and Furnaces. If some of this waste heat could be recovered, a considerable amount of primary fuel could be
saved. Waste heat recovery and utilization is the process of capturing and reusing waste heat for useful purposes. Not all waste heat
is practically recoverable. However, much of the heat could be recovered and this waste heat energy can be utilized for power
generation and other useful purpose such as preheating of combustion air, pre-heating boiler feed water or process water, sanitary
hot water, preheating air for processes, space heating in winter, Reheat coils for humidity control, preheating water for washing
purposes. In this project, an attempt has been made to power generation by utilizing waste heat energy from condenser of
refrigerator. The main objective of this project is to generate power using waste heat recovery system of industrial chiller. Yinhai
Zhu and Peixue Jiang present a paper on hybrid vapor compression refrigeration system with an integrated ejector cooling cycle in
2012. Laia Miro et al., presented a paper on Thermal energy storage (TES) for industrial waste heat (IWH) recovery: A review in
2016. Alexandre Bertrand et al., presented a paper on In-building waste water heat recovery: An urban-scale method for the
characterization of water streams and the assessment of energy savings and costs in 2017. Waltteri Salmi et al., developed a concept
of energy source for an absorption refrigeration system using waste heat of ship in 2017. Haoxin Xu et al., conduct a study on
Application of material assessment methodology in latent heat thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in 2017.

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II. THE OBJECT OF STUDY

In this project, it is selected a chiller of 200 TR (7000 kW) capacity of refrigerant R410A. Thus the purpose of this project is to
demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of the power generation using heat recovery system that recover waste heat from
R410A gas at the condenser equipment of basic vapor compression refrigeration system. The prime motto of this project is to
increase in the COP of the process by reducing electrical energy consumption for the compressor.

A. Goals, Objectives and Motivation

The objective of this project is to determine the potential energy savings associated with improved utilization of waste heat from
vapor compression refrigeration systems. Existing and advanced strategies for waste heat recovery in vapor compression
refrigeration system are analyzed. More than 50% of total energy is used for air conditioning purposes in some buildings such as
Shopping mall, Retail shop, Supermarket. Amount of waste heat is 25% more than the cooling that the process creates. Significant
amount of waste heat is rejected by the condenser of supermarket refrigeration systems. But practical uses of waste heat from
supermarket refrigeration systems are typically limited to space heating and water heating. Recently, several researchers have
attempted to more effectively utilize the waste heat from refrigeration systems using various other techniques. Use of waste heat to
drive heat pumps for space heating or cooling has been proposed. In addition, waste heat may be used to preheat the regeneration air
used in solid desiccant adsorption dehumidification systems or to preheat the liquid desiccant in absorption dehumidification
systems. In this project the waste heat is utilized for power generation by driving a turbine. By implementation of waste heat
recovery we can increase the efficiency of the system. Thus the input energy, that is electrical energy consumption can be reduced
and leads low running cost and reduction in equipment size.

III. CONCEPT OF THIS PROJECT

Fig. 1 T-S diagram of R11 cycle

In this project, power is develop by Rankine cycle that is driven by waste heat energy from condenser. Waste heat that is absorbed
by R11 PCM and the Liquid R11 is converted into gaseous form. Then it passes through turbine. Then turbine rotates and power can
be derived.

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of this project

The minimum dryness fraction at turbine outlet is 0.85 and this vapor/liquid mixture goes through condenser and release the heat
energy to form saturated liquid. From this it is pressurized by pump and returns the starting position and cycle continuous. In this
project, it is planned to study the case of chiller of 200 TR capacity.

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IV. TOTAL WASTE HEAT CALCULATION

Fig. 3 P-H diagram of R410A refrigerent

Refrigerant (R410A) temperature at inlet of condenser=550 C

Refrigerant temperature at exit of condenser=500 C
Refrigerant temperature at Evaporator=-50 C
For 200 tonnage chiller, Evaporator heat load=Q=200 ton
Q=200X3.5=700 kW
Qevap = m (hC- hB);
700=m X (421-286.9)
m= 5.22 kg/s
Condenser waste heat load, Qwaste,
Qwaste =m (L + Cp dt) = 5.22 (137.7+.8 x 5 ) = 739.7 kW.

V. SELECTION OF PCM

Fig. 4 List of PCMs, Currespounding Boiling point and Latent heat at atmospheric pressure

From this list, R11 (Trichloro Fluro methane) is selected for the following properties. It is the widely used refrigerant, because of its
high boiling point (compared to most refrigerants), it can be used in systems with a low operating pressure, making the mechanical
design of such systems less demanding than that of higher-pressure refrigerants R-12 or R-22. It is nonvolatile and not flammable

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A. Reason for rejecting other PCMs

1) Carbon Di Sulfide: Volatile, toxic, cancer causing agent liquid and adversely affect reproductive and development system
2) Cyclopentane: Highly volatile, flammable liquid, adversely affect central nervous system of animals
3) Diethyl ether: Volatile, Flammable liquid, breathing cause high irritation to the nose and throat
4) Ethyl Bromide: Volatile compound and effect to skin, Liver, Kidney and it is toxic
5) Isopentane: Extremely volatile and extremely flammable. It may affect Liver and heart.
6) Isoprene: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation
(lung irritant). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator). In Inflammation of the eye is characterized by
redness, watering, and itching. Skin in Inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
7) Methyl Acetate: It is flammable liquid with a characteristically pleasant smell of glues and nail polish removers.
8) Dichloro Methane: High volatility. Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in
case of skin contact (irritant, permeator). Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.
9) Methyl Iodide: Volatile Liquid, Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation
(lung irritant). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Severe over-exposure can result in death.

B. Mass of R11 Refrigerant

We want to find out the mass flow rate of R11 refrigerant (m) flowing in this cycle
Q =m(Cpl .dtl + L + Cpg .dtg )
At 2 bar T1’= T2’=44o C, let T1= 30o C, T2= 50o C
Cpl = Specific Heat Capacity of R11 Liquid = 0.869 kJ/kg K
Cpg = Specific Heat Capacity of R11 Gas = 0.988kJ/kg K
dtl = T1’-T1 = 14o C
dtg = T2-T2’ = 6o C
L=175.34 kJ/kg at 2 bar pressure
m=3.778 kg/s

VI. DESIGN OF EACH COMPONENT

A. Design of Heat Exchanger for Exchanging heat from Condenser to heat Absorbing Chamber
In this project, Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger is used for transferring heat from refrigerant R410A to Phase Change Material R11.
Here we take Shell side fluid as R410A and tube side fluid as R11.

1) Tube Design (Standard sizes from Tables): R11 fluid, Carbon Steel, Tube outside diameter, (do) =19.05 mm, Tube length
(L)=4.877 m, Thickness= 0.889 mm(for Gauge 20), Tube Pitch=1.25 X do=23.81 mm

Fig. 5 Cross section of Shell and Tube heat exchanger

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2) Shell Design (Standard sizes from Tables): R410A fluid, Carbon steel pipe, Nominal Shell diameter = 0.35 m, Thickness=
7.92mm for SCH 20 pipe, Shell side inside diameter, (Ds) =0.334 m, Tube to Baffle hole diametrical clearance, (dtb) =0.8 mm,
Shell to Baffle diametrical clearance, (dsb) =3.2 mm (for Ds=0.35 m diameter) Baffle spacing(Lbc) =[Minimum: 1/5 Ds or 51
mm ,Maximum: from Table ] = [0.0668 m, 1.524 m]=0.3 m, Baffle cut length(lc) =0.0835 m , Inlet Baffle spacing(Lbi )=0.32 m.
Outlet Baffle spacing(Lbo ) =0.32 m, Diameter of the outer tube limit(Dotl)=0.32 m, Width of bypass lane (ωp) =19 mm,
Longitudinal Tube pitch(Xl) =17 mm, Transverse tube Pitch(Xt) =35 mm, Number of tubes (Nt) =125

Fig. 6 Exchanger front view (cross section)

Fig. 7 Arrangement of tubes in Exchanger

For window section(θb) =2 COS- (1-2 lc / Ds ) =2.094’=1200, Gross Window Area(Afrw ) =Ds2/4 (θb/2- (1-2 lc / Ds ) SIN(θb/2) = 0.0171
m2, Baffle cut angle(θctl) =2 COS- (Ds -2 lc / Dctl ) =1.965’ =112.60, Fraction Fw of total tubes in the window section(Fw) = θctl/(2Π)-
SIN(θctl)/(2Π) =0.1658, Number of tubes in window section(Ntw) =Fw x Nt = 21 nos, The net flow area in one window section(Aow)
= Afrw -Afrt = 0.0171-5.878 x 10-3 = 0.01122 m2, Hydraulic Diameter (Dhw) =4 Aow/( Π do Ntw + Π Ds (θb/2 Π )) =0.0283 m
For Cross Flow, Number of Effective tube rows in cross flow in each window(Nrcw) = 0.8/Xl (lc-1/2(Ds-Dctl) = 3, Number of tube
rows crossed during flow through one cross flow section between the baffle tips (Nrcc) =(Ds-2lc)/Xl=(0.334-2 x 0.0835)/(17 x 10-3)
=10, Cross flow area for the 45o tube layout bundle(Aocr )= Lbc [ Ds – Dotl +2 Dctl /Xt (Pt – do ) =0.02877 m2, Number of Baffles(Nb)
= (L – Lbi –L bo )/L bc +1 =(4.877-0.3-0.32)/0.3+1=15.12=15.
Tube to Baffle Leakage Area (Aotb ) = Π do dtb Nt /2 (1-Fw )=2.5 x 10-3 m2, Shell to Baffle Leakage Area (Aosb) =Π Ds dsb /2 (1-θb/2
Π)=1.11 x 10-3 m2

3) Shell side heat transfer Coefficient: Thermal Conductivity of tube wall = 53.6 W/mK, Tube side fluid = R11, Shell Side fluid
=R410 A, mt =3.778 kg/s, ms = 5.22 kg/s, Shell side mass velocity (Gs ) = ms /Aocr = 181.43 kg/m2 s, Shell side Reynolds
number (Res ) = Gs d0 / µs = 181.43 x 0.01905/(92 x 10-6 ) , Res =37567, Nus = 1.04 Res 0.4 Prs0.36 (Prs / Prw ) 0.25 , Prs = 1.05,
Here Prs =Prw, Nus = 71.58
Shell side fluid is condensing, So hid =0.943 ( k 3 ρ 2 g L/ (Ts - Tt) µs ) 0.25 = 159. 5W/m 2 K, Baffle Cut and spacing effect
correction factor(Jc)= 0.55+ 0.72 Fc = 0.55 + 0.72 x 0.6684 = 1.0312, where Fc = 1- 2Fw, rs = Aosb / (Aosb + Aotb ) =0.3074 , rlm =
(Aosb + Aotb ) / Aocr = 0.1254, Tube-to-baffle and baffle-to-shell leakage factor (Jl) = 0.44 (1- rs ) + (1-0.44 (1- rs ) ) e –(2.2 rlm) =
0.832, Unequal baffle spacing factor, Js, Li+ = Lbi/Lbc = Lo+= Lbo/Lbc =0.32/0.3 =1.0667, n=0.6 for turbulent flow, Js = (Nb - 1
+(Li+ ) 1-n +(Lo+ ) 1-n ) / (Nb - 1 +(Li+ ) +(Lo+ ) ), Js = 1.060, Adverse temperature gradient factor , Jr =1 for Re>100, Shell side
heat transfer coefficient hs = Jc Jl Js Jr hid = 1.0312 X 0.832 X 1.060 X 1 X 159.5 = 145.055 W/m 2 K
4) Tube side heat transfer Coefficient: Number of tube (Nt ) = 125, Tube-side flow area (Aot ) =Π/4 x di2 Nt = 0.0292 m2 , Ret = mt
x di /( Aot µt)) = 196891, Nu = 0.024 Re0.8 x Pr0.4 = 657 , Heat transfer coefficient = ht = Nu x K / di = 408 W/(m2 K)

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B. Analysis of Turbine

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of idea and Turbine in box

ϒ =1.1391, R=8314/137.368=60.5 J/kg, T2=50O C =323 K, P2=2 bar =2 X 105 Pa , ρ2= 10.23 kg/m3, Take d2=0.18 m, m= ρ R T =
3.778 kg/s. 3.778 = 10.23 X 0.182 X C, C= 11.4 m/s. M2= C/a =11.4/ (1.1391 X 60.5 X 323 ).5 = 0.0764

Fig. 9 T-S diagram of Idea

Stagnation Temperature(To ) , Stagnation Pressure (Po), Corresponding density (ρo ), To / T = 1+ (ϒ -1)/2 M2 , Po / P = (1+ (ϒ -1)/2
M2 )ϒ/(ϒ-1)., ρo / ρ = (1+ (ϒ -1)/2 M2 )1/(ϒ-1), Substitute condition at inlet of Nozzle
To =323.13 K, Po=2.00704 bar, ρo = 10.4 kg/m3, for the condition at exit is sonic ,Substitute M=1
We get T2’=302.11 K, P2’ =1.153 bar, ρ2’=6.395 kg/m3

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of turbine

m= ρ2’ X A2’ X C2’ =3.778 kg, C2’= (1.1391 X 60.5 X 302.11).5 = 144. 3 m/s, Substituting we get, A2’= A*= 4.09 X 10-3 m2, d2’= 7.22
cm

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C. Analysis of rotating part

1) Tangential Velocity of blade
Let u is tangential velocity of blade, u=u1=u2.
For pelton wheel, Velocity of Jet at inlet is given by, V1= Cv u /Φ (Cv is coefficient of velocity = 0.98 or 0.99), Φ = Speed ratio, Φ
=0.45, V1 = 144.3 m/s, u = V1 x Φ / Cv = 144.3 x 0.45 /0.99 = 65.59 m/s

2) Diameter of pelton wheel (D)

Jet ratio, m = Diameter (D) of pelton wheel / Diameter of Jet (d)
d=Exit diameter of Nozzle = 0.0726 m, m = D/d (=12 for most cases), D =12 x 0.0726 = 0.8712 m
Number of Rotation of bucket (N)
u = Π D N/60, N = 23.96 RPS, Number of buckets (Z) = 15 nos, Width of bucket = 5 d = 0.363 m, Depth of bucket = 1.2 d =
0.08712 m
Work done by Turbine by enthalpy relation
For Rankine cycle, h2 = h2' + Cp (T2 - T2') (h2' = 246.14 kJ /kg, Cp = 0.988 kJ/kgK ), h2 =246.14 + 0.988 (50-44) = 252.068 kJ/kg, h3
= h4 + x hfg = 210.345 kJ/kg, η= Isentropic turbine efficiency = 0.83 , Work done by Turbine = η m (h2-h3) = 133.98 kW
Magnitude of Velocity and Guide angles
Vr1 = V1=144.3 m/s, u =u1= u2 = 65.59 m/s, Vr1 = 144.3 - 65.59 =78.71 m/s, Vw1 = V1 =144.3 m/s, Vr2 = Vr1 (We neglect the velocity
loss due to friction between inside surface of runner and R11).

Fig. 11 T-S diagram of Idea

Vr2 = 78.71 m/s , Vw2 = Vr2 cos(Φ)- u2= 8.273 m/s, We assume material of bucket as stainless steel of grade 409, Vr2 sin(Φ)= Vf2
=26.92 m/s, V2 = Velocity of Jet at Outlet = ((Vf2)2+ (Vw2)2)0.5 = 28.162 m/s, tan(β) = Vf2 / Vw2 = 26.92 / 8.273, β = 72.910

D. Design of Condenser
Term and pictorial representations are same as that in section design of Heat exchanger for exchanging heat from condenser to heat
absorbing chamber

1) Tube Design (Standard sizes from Tables)

R11 fluid, Carbon Steel, Tube outside diameter, (do) =15.89 mm, Tube length (L) =3.658 m, Thickness= 0.889 mm (for Gauge 20),
Tube Pitch=1.25 x do=19.8625 mm

2) Shell Design (Standard sizes from Tables)

Water or Air, Carbon steel pipe, Nominal Shell diameter =0.33 m, Thickness= 7.92mm for SCH 20 pipe, Shell side inside
diameter(Ds)=0.314 m, Tube to Baffle hole diametrical clearance(dtb)=0.8 mm, Shell to Baffle diametrical clearance(dsb)=3.2 mm
(for Ds=0.33 m diameter)Baffle spacing ( Lbc )=[Minimum: 1/5 Ds or 51 mm ,Maximum: from Table ] =0.25 m

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Baffle cut length(lc) =0.0785 m, Lbi=0.3 m, Lbo=0.3 m, Dotl=0.3 m, ωp =17 mm, Xl=15 mm, Xt=27 mm, Number of tubes (Nt ) =160,
Gross Window Area( Afrw) =0.01514 m2, Baffle cut angle(θctl) =2 COS- (Ds -2 lc / Dctl ) =1.9547 =112.90, Number of tubes in window
section(Ntw) = Fw x Nt =0.1644 x 160 = 26.304 = 26 nos, Area occupied by tubes in window section (Afrt) = Π/4 do2 Fw x Nt =5.216 x
10-3 m2, The net flow area in one window section(Aow) = Afrw -Afrt = 0.00992 m2, Hydraulic Diameter ( Dhw ) =4 Aow/( Π do Ntw + Π
Ds (θb/2 Π )) =4 X 0.00992/( Π x 0.01589X26+ Π x 0.314 x 2/3 Π /(2 Π)) =0.0244 m, Number of Effective tube rows in cross flow
in each window (Nrcw) = 0.8/Xl (lc-1/2(Ds-Dctl) =3, Number of Baffles (Nb) = (L – Lbi –L bo )/L bc +1 =13. Bypass flow Area, Aobp =L
-3 2
bc (Ds-Dotl +0.5 Np ωp ) =5.625 x 10 m .
Fraction of cross flow area available for flow bypass (Fbp) = Aobp/Aocr =0.2305, Tube to Baffle Leakage Area (Aotb) = Π do dtb Nt /2
(1-Fw ) = 2.67 x 10-3 m2, Shell to Baffle Leakage Area (Aosb) =1.0523 x 10-3 m2

3) Shell side heat transfer Coefficient

Thermal Conductivity of tube wall = 53.6 W/mK, mt =3.778 kg/s, Let ms =18.1 kg/s, Shell side mass velocity (Gs ) = ms /Aocr =
741.803 kg/m2 s, Shell side Reynolds number (Res ) = Gs d0 / µs, Res =16285.6, Nus =1.04 Res 0.4 Prs0.36 (Prs/Prw ) 0.25 , Prs =4.77,
Here Prs =Prw, Nus = 88.31, Shell side fluid is condensing, So hid =0.943 ( k 3 ρ 2 g L/ l (Ts - Tt) µs ) 0.25 = 92.45 W/m 2 K, Baffle Cut
and spacing effect correction factor ( Jc )= 0.55+ 0.72 Fc = 0.55 + 0.72 x 0.6712 = 1.033 , where Fc = 1- 2Fw, Tube-to-baffle and
baffle-to-shell leakage factor (Jl), rs = Aosb / (Aosb + Aotb ) =0.282 , rlm = (Aosb + Aotb ) / Aocr =0.152, Jl = 0.44 (1- rs ) + (1-0.44 (1- rs
) ) e –(2.2 rlm ) = 0.832, Adverse temperature gradient factor , Jr =1 for Re>100, Shell side heat transfer coefficient, hs = Jc Jl Jr hid =
1.0312 x 0.832 x 1 x 159.5 = 79.32 W/m 2 K

4) Tube side heat transfer Coefficient

Number of tube, Nt = 125, Tube-side flow area = Aot =Π/4 x di2 Nt = 0.0292 m2, Ret =mt x di /( Aot µt) = 196891, Nu = 0.024 Re0.8 x
Pr0.4 = 657 , Heat transfer coefficient = ht = Nu x K / di = 408 W/(m2 K)

E. Design of Pump
Work done by the centrifugal pump on liquid
In case of centrifugal pump, work is done by impeller on liquid. Work done impeller = m (h1-h4), m = 3.778 kg/s, h1 = h4 + Cp (T1 -
T4), Work input to pump, Wp = m(h1 - h4) = m Cp (T1 - T4) = 8.207 kW

1) Design of Centrifugal Pump

Fig. 12 Velocity triangles at Inlet and Outlet of Impeller

For best efficiency, the liquid enters the impeller radially at inlet, which means absolute velocity makes an angle of 900 with the
direction of motion of impeller at inlet, u1 = Tangential velocity of impeller at inlet = Π D1 N /60
u2 = Π D2 N / 60, V1 = Absolute velocity of liquid at inlet, Vr1 = Relative velocity of liquid at inlet, α = Angle made by absolute
velocity (V1) at inlet with direction of motion of vane, θ = Angle made by relative velocity (Vr1) at inlet with the direction of vane.
V2, Vr2, β, Φ are corresponding values at outlet.

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As the liquid enters the impeller radially, means absolute velocity of water at inlet in the radial direction, α = 900, Vw1 = 0. Work
done by impeller on liquid per second per unit weight of liquid striking per second, Wp in m of liquid = -(Work done in case of
turbine) = Wp = 1/g (Vw2 u2 - Vw1 u1) , d1 = diameter of suction pipe = 7 cm =0.07 m, D2 = diameter of impeller at outlet = 0.8 m, D1
= diameter of impeller at inlet = 0.2 m, N = 1625.15 rpm , u2 = 68.27 m/s, Vw2 = 0.035 m/s, α= 900, θ = 2.240, β = 86.970, Diameter
of delivery pipe (d2 )= 6.9 cm

Fig. 13 Piping sections of Pump

Specific speed of a centrifugal pump(Ns) = N(Q)0.5/(Hm)3/4, Q = A1 V1 = 2.57 x 10-3 m3 , Hm = 221.43 m of liquid, N = 1630 rpm,
Substitute these values in equation Ns = N(Q)0.5/(Hm)3/4. We get Ns = 1.44 rpm, Specific speed of pump = 1.44 rpm

VII. RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS

Large quantity of heat energy is wasted from the condenser of vapor compression refrigeration system to the environment even
though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purpose. It is concluded that the power generation can be possible by
using waste heat energy from the condenser of vapor compression refrigeration system. Here, a phase change material (PCM) cycle
is incorporated with basic vapor compression refrigeration system. In this project, power output is 133.98 kW. 133.98 kW of power
is developed by utilizing 739.7 kW of waste heat energy. So 18% of waste heat energy can be effectively utilized for power
generation. In this project, a centrifugal pump is used for pumping R11. 8.207 kW is used for driving the centrifugal pump. This
power is taken from output power of the turbine. So remaining 125.773 kW power can be developed effectively by incorporation of
PCM cycle. This system has many advantages such as increase in the COP of the process, decrease in the electrical energy
consumption for the compressor, reduction in the equipment size and low running cost. The disadvantages of this system are high
capital cost, more space needed for additional setup and the maintenance required for additional equipment for power generation.

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