Maths

Maths Assignment – HND COM
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Unit 11 : Maths for Computing
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Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing
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Unit Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing
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LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1

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LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions

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LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods
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LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus

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Unit 11 : Maths for Computing
4
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Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number G.Samith Ananda kumara / KUR-A 017873
Unit Number and Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing
Academic Year 2017/2018
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
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This assignment should be submitted at the end of your lesson, on the week stated at the front of this
brief. The assignment can either be word-processed or completed in legible handwriting.
If the tasks are completed over multiple pages, ensure that your name and student number are present
on each sheet of paper.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
7
LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios
LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions
LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector Methods
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
8
Activity 01
Part 1
1. Mr.Steve has 120 pastel sticks and 30 pieces of paper to give to his students.
a) Find the largest number of students he can have in his class so that each student gets
equal number of pastel sticks and equal number of paper.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
2. Maya is making a game board that is 16 inches by 24 inches. She wants to use square tiles. What
is the largest tile she can use?
Part 2
3. An auditorium has 40 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second
row, 22 seats in the third row, and so on. Using relevant theories, find how many seats are there
in all 40 rows?
4. Suppose you are training to run an 8km race. You plan to start your training by running 2km a
week, and then you plan to add a ½km more every week. At what week will you be running 8km?
5. Suppose you borrow 100,000 rupees from a bank that charges 15% interest. Using relevant
theories, determine how much you will owe the bank over a period of 5 years.
Part 3
6. Find the multiplicative inverse of 8 mod 11 while explaining the algorithm used.
Part 4
7. Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime numbers within the field of
computing.
9
Activity 02
Part 1
1. Define ‘conditional probability’ with suitable examples.
2. A school which has 100 students in its sixth form, 50 students study mathematics, 29 study biology
and 13 study both subjects. Find the probability of the student studying mathematics given that the
student studies biology.
3. A certain medical disease occurs in 1% of the population. A simple screening procedure is available
and in 8 out of 10 cases where the patient has the disease, it produces a positive result. If the patient
does not have the disease there is still a 0.05 chance that the test will give a positive result. Find the
probability that a randomly selected individual:
(a) Does not have the disease but gives a positive result in the screening test
(b) Gives a positive result on the test
(c) Nilu has taken the test and her result is positive. Find the probability that she has the disease.
Let C represent the event “the patient has the disease” and S represent the event “the screening test
gives a positive result”.
4. In a certain group of 15 students, 5 have graphics calculators and 3 have a computer at home (one
student has both). Two of the students drive themselves to college each day and neither of them has
a graphics calculator nor a computer at home. A student is selected at random from the group.
(a) Find the probability that the student either drives to college or has a graphics calculator.
(b) Show that the events “the student has a graphics calculator” and “the student has a computer at
home” are independent.
Let G represent the event “the student has a graphics calculator”
H represent the event “the student has a computer at home”
D represent the event “the student drives to college each day”
Represent the information in this question by a Venn diagram. Use the above Venn diagram to
answer the questions.
5. A bag contains 6 blue balls, 5 green balls and 4 red balls. Three are selected at random without
replacement. Find the probability that
(a) they are all blue
(b)two are blue and one is green
(c) there is one of each colour
10
Part 2
6. Differentiate between ‘Discrete’ and ‘Continuous’ random variables.
7. Two fair cubical dice are thrown: one is red and one is blue. The random variable M represents the
score on the red die minus the score on the blue die.
(a) Find the distribution of M.
(b) Write down E(M).
(c) Find Var(M).
8. Two 10p coins are tossed. The random variable X represents the total value of each coin lands
heads up.
(a)Find E(X) and Var(X).
The random variables S and T are defined as follows:

S = X-10 and T = (1/2)X-5
(b)Show that E(S) = E(T).
(c)Find Var(S) and Var (T).
(d)
Susan and Thomas play a game using two 10p coins. The coins are tossed and Susan records her
score using the random variable S and Thomas uses the random variable T. After a large number of
tosses they compare their scores.
Comment on any likely differences or similarities.
9. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

x 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 1/3 1/3 k 1/4
where k is a constant.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find P(X ≤3).
Part 3
11
10. In a quality control analysis, the random variable X represents the number of defective
products per each batch of 100 products produced.
Defects (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Batches 95 113 87 64 13 8
(a) Use the frequency distribution above to construct a probability distribution for X.
(b) Find the mean of this probability distribution.
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
11. A surgery has a success rate of 75%. Suppose that the surgery is performed on three
patients.
(a) What is the probability that the surgery is successful on exactly 2 patients?
(b) Let X be the number of successes. What are the possible values of X?
(c) Create a probability distribution for X.
(d) Graph the probability distribution for X using a histogram.
(e) Find the mean of X.
(f) Find the variance and standard deviation of X.
12. Colombo City typically has rain on about 16% of days in November.
(a) What is the probability that it will rain on exactly 5 days in November? 15 days?
(b) What is the mean number of days with rain in November?
(c) What is the variance and standard deviation of the number of days with rain in November?
13. From past records, a supermarket finds that 26% of people who enter the supermarket will make
a purchase. 18 people enter the supermarket during a one-hour period.
(a) What is the probability that exactly 10 customers, 18 customers and 3 customers make a
purchase?
(b) Find the expected number of customers who make a purchase.
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of the number of customers who make a purchase.
14.On a recent math test, the mean score was 75 and the standard deviation was 5. Shan got 93.
Would his mark be considered an outlier if the marks were normally distributed? Explain.
15.For each question, construct a normal distribution curve and label the horizontal axis and answer
each question.
The shelf life of a dairy product is normally distributed with a mean of 12 days and a standard
deviation of 3 days.
(a) About what percent of the products last between 9 and 15 days?
(b) About what percent of the products last between 12 and 15 days?
(c) About what percent of the products last 6 days or less?
12
(d) About what percent of the products last 15 or more days?
16.Statistics held by the Road Safety Division of the Police shows that 78% of drivers being tested for
their licence pass at the first attempt.
If a group of 120 drivers are tested in one centre in a year, find the probability
that more than 99 pass at the first attempt, justifying the most appropriate distribution to be used
for this scenario.
Part 4
17.Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and load balancing.
13
Activity 03
Part 1
1. If the Center of a circle is at (2, -7) and a point on the circle (5,6) find the formula of the circle.
2. What surfaces in R3 are represented by the following equations?

z=3
y=5
3. Find an equation of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l).
4. Show that x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y + 2z + 6 = 0 is the equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and
radius.
Part 2
5. 3y= 2x-5 , 2y=2x+7 evaluate the x, y values using graphical method.
6.
a=(2i+3j) , b=(4i-2j) and c=(1i+4j) evaluate the volume of the shape.
14
Activity 04
Part 1
1. Find the function whose tangent has slope 4x + 1 for each value of x and whose graph passes
through the point (1, 2).
2. Find the function whose tangent has slope 3x2 + 6x − 2 for each value of x and whose graph
passes through the point (0, 6).
Part 2
3. It is estimated that t years from now the population of a certain lakeside community will be
changing at the rate of 0.6t 2 + 0.2t + 0.5 thousand people per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of pollution in the lake increases at the rate of approximately 5 units per
1000 people. By how much will the pollution in the lake increase during the next 2 years?
4. An object is moving so that its speed after t minutes is v(t) = 1+4t+3t 2 meters per minute. How
far does the object travel during 3rd minute?
Part 3
5. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x − 3x 2/3 , indicating where the graph is increasing/decreasing, concave
up/down, and any asymptotic behavior.
6. Draw the graph of f(x)= 3x4-6X3+3x2 by using the extreme points from differentiation.
Part 4
7. For the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6, find the positions of any local minima or maxima and
distinguish between them.
8. Determine the local maxima and/or minima of the function y = x4 −1/3x3
9. By further differentiation, identify lines with minimum y = 12 x 2 − 2x, y = x 2 + 4x + 1,

y = 12x − 2x 2 , y = −3x 2 + 3x + 1.
15
16
Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
LO1 : Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios
P1 Calculate the greatest common divisor and least common multiple

of a given pair of numbers.
P2 Use relevant theory to sum arithmetic and geometric

progressions.
M1 Identify multiplicative inverses in modular arithmetic.
D1 Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime

numbers within the field of computing.
LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and
probability distributions
P3 Deduce the conditional probability of different events occurring

within independent trials.
P4 Identify the expectation of an event occurring from a discrete,
random variable.
M2 Calculate probabilities within both binomially distributed and

normally distributed random variables.
17
D2 Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and

load balancing.
LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using

geometry and vector methods
P5 Identify simple shapes using co-ordinate geometry.
P6 Determine shape parameters using appropriate vector methods.
M3 Evaluate the coordinate system used in programming a simple

output device.
D3 Construct the scaling of simple shapes that are described by
vector coordinates.
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and
integral calculus
P7 Determine the rate of change within an algebraic function.
P8 Use integral calculus to solve practical problems involving area.
18
M4 Analyse maxima and minima of increasing and decreasing

functions using higher order derivatives.
D4 Justify, by further differentiation, that a value is a minimum.
19
Acknowledgement
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people
and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my project.t I have done is only
due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget to thank them.
I would like to thank my lecturers who persuaded and continuously guided me during the whole course of
my project. I would also like to thank them for their assistance and insightful comments, and who willingly
shared their expertise with me. I would not forget to remember for their encouragement and more over for
their timely support and guidance till the completion of my project work.
20
Contents
Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... 20
Activity 01 .................................................................................................................. 25
Part 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
1. Mr. Steve has 120 pastel sticks and 30 pieces of paper to give to his students. .................................. 25
2.Maya is making a game board that is 16 inches by 24 inches. She wants to use square tiles. What is
the largest tile she can use? ...................................................................................................................... 26
Part 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
3.An auditorium has 40 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22
seats in the third row, and so on. Using relevant theories, find how many seats are there in all 40 rows
.................................................................................................................................................................. 26
4.Suppose you are training to run an 8km race. You plan to start your training by running 2km a week,
and then you plan to add a ½km more every week. At what week will you be running 8km ................. 27
5.Suppose you borrow 100,000 rupees from a bank that charges 15% interest. Using relevant theories,
determine how much you will owe the bank over a period of 5 years. ................................................... 28
Part 3 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.Find the multiplicative inverse of 8 mod 11 while explaining the algorithm used. .............................. 28
Part 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
7.Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime numbers within the field of
computing. ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Activity 02 ................................................................................................................. 30
Part 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 30
P(B/M) =.............................................................................................................................................. 33
3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
(a) Does not have the disease but gives a positive result in the screening test ....................................... 33
(b) Gives a positive result on the test ....................................................................................................... 33
(c) Nilu has taken the test and her result is positive. Find the probability that she has the disease. ........ 34
4 ................................................................................................................................................................ 34
(a)Find the probability that the student either drives to college or has a graphics calculator. ................. 34
(b) Show that the events “the student has a graphics calculator” and “the student has a computer at
home” are independent. ........................................................................................................................... 34
5.A bag contains 6 blue balls, 5 green balls and 4 red balls. Three are selected at random without
replacement. Find the probability that ..................................................................................................... 35
21
(a)they are all blue.................................................................................................................................... 37

(b)two are blue and one is green .............................................................................................................. 37
(c) there is one of each color. .................................................................................................................. 37
Part 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 37
7. Differentiate between ‘Discrete’ and ‘Continuous’ random variables.............................................. 37
Examples ................................................................................................................................................. 38
7. Two fair cubical dice are thrown: one is red and one is blue. The random variable M represents the
score on the red die minus the score on the blue die. .............................................................................. 39
(a) Find the distribution of M. ................................................................................................................. 39
(b) Write down E(M). ............................................................................................................................. 39
(c) Find Var(M). ...................................................................................................................................... 39
8. Two 10p coins are tossed. The random variable X represents the total value of each coin lands heads
up.............................................................................................................................................................. 40
(a)Find E(X) and Var(X).......................................................................................................................... 40
(b)Show that E(S) = E(T). ........................................................................................................................ 41
(c)Find Var(S) and Var (T). ..................................................................................................................... 41
(d) ............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Comment on any likely differences or similarities. ................................................................................. 42
9. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution: .......................................... 42
Part 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
10.In a quality control analysis, the random variable X represents the number of defective products per
each batch of 100 products produced....................................................................................................... 43
11. A surgery has a success rate of 75%. Suppose that the surgery is performed on three ..................... 44
patients. .................................................................................................................................................... 44
12. Colombo City typically has rain on about 16% of days in November. ............................................. 46
13. From past records, a supermarket finds that 26% of people who enter the supermarket will make a
purchase. 18 people enter the supermarket during a one-hour period. .................................................... 47
14.On a recent math test, the mean score was 75 and the standard deviation was 5. Shan got 93. Would
his mark be considered an outlier if the marks were normally distributed? Explain. ............................. 48
15 .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
(a)About what percent of the products last between 9 and 15 days? ....................................................... 49
(b)About what percent of the products last between 12 and 15 days? ..................................................... 50
22
(c)About what percent of the products last 6 days or less? ...................................................................... 51

(d)About what percent of the products last 15 or more days? ................................................................. 51
16. ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
mean ......................................................................................................................................................... 52
Part 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
17.Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and load balancing............................. 52
Activity 03 .................................................................................................................. 53
Part 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 53
1.If the Center of a circle is at (2, -7) and a point on the circle (5,6) find the formula of the circle. ....... 53
2.What surfaces in R3 are represented by the following equations? ........................................................ 54
3.Find an equation of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l). .......................................................... 54
4.Show that x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y + 2z + 6 = 0 is the equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and
radius. ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
Part 2 ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
5.3y= 2x-5 , 2y=2x+7 evaluate the x, y values using graphical method. ................................................. 55
6. ............................................................................................................................................................... 57
a=(2i+3j) , b=(4i-2j) and c=(1i+4j) evaluate the volume of the shape.................................................... 57
Activity 04 .................................................................................................................. 58
Part 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 58
1.Find the function whose tangent has slope 4x + 1 for each value of x and whose graph passes through
the point (1, 2). ......................................................................................................................................... 59
2.Find the function whose tangent has slope 3x2 + 6x − 2 for each value of x and whose graph passes
through the point (0, 6). ........................................................................................................................... 59
Part 2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 60
Hence , the pollution in the lake will increase on behalf of 5.3=15 units ................................................ 60
4.An object is moving so that its speed after t minutes is v(t) = 1+4t+3t 2 meters per minute. How far
does the object travel during 3rd minute? ................................................................................................ 61
Part 3 ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
5, indicating where is increasing/decreasing, concave up/down, and any asymptotic behavior. ............ 62
6.Draw the graph of f(x)= 3x4-6X3+3x2 by using the extreme points from differentiation. .................... 63
Part 4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 66
23
7.For the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6, find the positions of any local minima or maxima and
distinguish between them. ........................................................................................................................ 66
8.Determine the local maxima and/or minima of the function y = x4 −1/3x3 ......................................... 68
9.By further differentiation, identify lines with minimum y = 12 x 2 − 2x, y = x 2 + 4x + 1,
y = 12x − 2x 2 , y = −3x 2 + 3x + 1. ......................................................................................................... 70
24
Activity 01
Part 1
1. Mr. Steve has 120 pastel sticks and 30 pieces of paper to give to his students.
a) Find the largest number of students he can have in his class so that each student gets equal number of
pastel sticks and equal number of papers.
No of pastel sticky =120
No of papers = 30
To find the largest no of students. That each student gets equal no of pastel sticky & papers,
we need to find out the GCF of 120 and 30.
Now to find the GCF we need
To find the Prime factor of 120 & 30
120 =2x2x2x3x5
30 =2x3x5
Multiply those factors both numbers have in common
There is one 2, one 3 and one 5 is common
So GCF(120,30) = 2 x 3 x 5 = 30
Answer: So Mr. Steve can have 30 students in the class so that each student can get equal number of
pastel sticks and piece of paper.
Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

When we need to equally distribute two or more set of items into the largest group we have to
find the GCF (the Greatest Common Factor).
25
To find the Greatest Common Factor we need to follow the two steps.
1. Find the prime factor of the numbers

2. Multiply those factors which all numbers have in common.
2.Maya is making a game board that is 16 inches by 24 inches. She wants to use square tiles. What is the
largest tile she can use?
Hight =16
Width=24
To, find the largest tile we need to find HCF of 16 & 24
Prime factors of 24 & 16
24= 2x2x2x3
16= 2x2x2x2
Multiply common prime factors,
= 2x2x2
=8
So, the largest square tile is 8
no of tiles = (16x24)/(8x8)
=6
Part 2
3.An auditorium has 40 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22
seats in the third row, and so on. Using relevant theories, find how many seats are there in all 40 rows?
26
20,21,22……
a1 = 20, n = 40, d = 1
an = a1+(n-1)d
an =20+(40-1)1
an = 20+39
an = 59
in all 40 rows,
Sn = n/2(a1+ an)
Sn =40/2(20+59)
Sn =20+79
Sn =1580
4.Suppose you are training to run an 8km race. You plan to start your training by running 2km a week,
and then you plan to add a ½km more every week. At what week will you be running 8km?
a1 =2, d = 0.5, an =8
an = a1+(n-1) d
8 = 2+(n-1)0.5
8-2=(n-1)0.5
6=(n-1)0.5
6/0.5=n-1
12=n-1
27
n=13
5.Suppose you borrow 100,000 rupees from a bank that charges 15% interest. Using relevant theories,
determine how much you will owe the bank over a period of 5 years.
a1=100,000 , r=15%/1.5 , n=5 100-115, r=115/100=1.15
an = a1rn-1
an =100,000*1.55-1
an =100,000*1.54
an =100,000*1.74900
174,900.625
Part 3
6.Find the multiplicative inverse of 8 mod 11 while explaining the algorithm used.
8 mod 11
11=8(1)+3
8=3(2)+2
3=2(1)+1
Backward
3=11-8(1)
2=8-3(2)
1=3-2(1)
substitute
1 = 3-2(1)
1 = 3-8(1)=3(2)
1 = 3(1)-8(1)+3(2)
1 = 3(3)-8(1)
28
1 = (3)(11-8(1))-8(1)
1 = 11(3)-8(3)-8(1)
1 = 11(3)-8(4)
1 = 11(3)+8(-4)
8 mod 11
8-1=1 mod 11
8-1(-4)=1 mod 11
11-4=7
8(7) mod 11=1
Part 4
7.Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime numbers within the field of computing.
Prime numbers
A whole number, which is greater than 1, and which has only 2 factors – 1 and itself, is called a prime number.
Another way of saying it is that a prime number is defined as a whole number which has only 2 factors – 1
and itself. Some examples of prime numbers are 2, 13, 53, 71 etc.
Importance of Prime Numbers

Security.
There is a functional limit to the size of the numbers we can factor into primes, and this fact is
absolutely essential to modern computer security. Pretty much anything that computers can easily do
without being able to easily undo will be of interest to computer security. Modern encryption
algorithms exploit the fact that we can easily take two large primes and multiply them together to get
a new, super-large number, but that no computer yet created can take that super-large number and
quickly figure out which two primes went into making it.
29
Encryption
This math-level security allows what’s called public key cryptography, or encryption where we don’t
have to worry about publishing a key to use in encrypting transmissions, because simply having that
key (a very large number) won’t help anyone to undo the encryption it created. In order to undo the
encryption, and read the message, you need the prime factors of the key used for encryption — and as
we’ve been seeing, that’s not something I can just figure out on our own.
RSA
This allows us to get around the core paradox of encryption: How do you securely communicate the
initial specifics needed to set up secure communication in the first place? In public key cryptography,
which is the backbone of computer encryption, we can get around this because the specifics of how to
get into secure contact don’t themselves need to be secure. Quite the opposite — people generally post
links to their public keys on social media, so as many people as possible will be able to encrypt
messages for them. Though there are now quite a few encryption algorithms that exploit prime
factorization, the most historically significant, and still the conceptual blueprint for the field, is called
RSA.
- They're excellent in cryptography

- The distribution of prime numbers is similar to all the distribution of quantum states
- There are real quantum systems whose distributions exactly match those of prime numbers
Knowing about numbers isn't the same as understanding them, computing is a product of the attempts
to understand them (it's an offshoot of logic) and could not have arisen without such a need to
understand.
Activity 02
Part 1
30
1. Define ‘conditional probability’ with suitable examples.
- Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or
more other events.
The formula for conditional probability is:
P(B|A) = P(A∩B) /
P(A)
For Example
In a group of 100 sports car buyers, 40 bought alarm systems, 30 purchased bucket seats, and 20 purchased
an alarm system and bucket seats. If a car buyer chosen at random bought an alarm system, what is the
probability they also bought bucket seats?
Step 1: Figure out P(A). It’s given in the question as 40%, or 0.4.
Step 2: Figure out P(A∩B). This is the intersection of A and B: both happening together. It’s given in the
question 20 out of 100 buyers, or 0.2.
Step 3: Insert your answers into the formula:

P(B|A) = P(A∩B) / P(A) = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5.
The probability that a buyer bought bucket seats, given that they purchased an alarm system, is 50%.
31
Alarm System
Figure 1::Venn diagram showing that 20 out of alarm buyers purchased bucket seats.
2. A school which has 100 students in its sixth form, 50 students study mathematics, 29 study biology and
13 study both subjects. Find the probability of the student studying mathematics given that the student studies
biology.
P(Maths) =50/100 =1/2

P(Bio) =29/100
P(M∩B) =13/100
P(M/B) =13/100
29/100
P(M/B) =13/100
29/100
P(M/B) =13 * 100
100 29
P(M/B) =13/29
P(B/M) =13/100
50/100
32
P(B/M) = 13 * 100
100 50
P(B/M) =13/50
3. A certain medical disease occurs in 1% of the population. A simple screening procedure is available and
in 8 out of 10 cases where the patient has the disease, it produces a positive result. If the patient does not
have the disease there is still a 0.05 chance that the test will give a positive result. Find the probability that a
randomly selected individual:
(a) Does not have the disease but gives a positive result in the screening test
Disease=8/10, No Disease still positive=5/100
0.08 S1
C
0.01 0.02 S /1
0.05 S2
/
0.99 C
0.95 S/2
Does not have disease still gives positive result
0.99*0.05=0.0495
(b) Gives a positive result on the test
Positive result
33
(0.01*0.8) + (0.99*0.5)
0.008+0.0495 = 0.057
(c) Nilu has taken the test and her result is positive. Find the probability that she has the disease.
Let C represent the event “the patient has the disease” and S represent the event “the screening test gives a
positive result”.
Nilu’s probability
0.01*0.8=0.008
P(C/S)= P(C∩S)
P(S)
P(C/S)= 0.008/0.0575
P(C/S)= 0.1391
4. In a certain group of 15 students, 5 have graphics calculators and 3 have a computer at home (one student
has both). Two of the students drive themselves to college each day and neither of them has a graphics
calculator nor a computer at home. A student is selected at random from the group.
(a)Find the probability that the student either drives to college or has a graphics calculator.
• P(GUD)=P(GC)+P(PD)
P(GUD)=5/15+2/15
P(GUD)=7/15
P(GUD)=0.467
(b) Show that the events “the student has a graphics calculator” and “the student has a computer at home”
are independent.
Let G represent the event “the student has a graphics calculator”
H represent the event “the student has a computer at home”
34
D represent the event “the student drives to college each day”

Represent the information in this question by a Venn diagram. Use the above Venn diagram to answer the
questions.
S=15, Graphic Calculator(GC)=5, Home Compute(HC)r=3, P(G∩C) =1, D=2
1 HC(2)
1 HC(2)
GC(5)
2 1
D
P(G∩C)=1
6
P(GUC)=1
GC(5)
5.A bag contains 6 blue balls, 5 green balls and 4 red balls. Three are selected at random without replacement.
Find the probability that
35
Blue 6 x 5 x 4
4/13 15 14 13
Red 6 x 5 x 4
Blue 4/13 15 14 13
6 x 5 x 5
5/14 5/13 Green 15 14 13
Blue 6 x 4 x 4
4/14 4/13 15 14 13
6 x 4 x 4
Blue Red 4/13 Red 15 14 13

6 x 4 x 5
5/14 5/13 Green 15 14 13
4/13 Blue 6 x 5 x 4
15 14 13
6 x 5 x 4
Green 4/13 Red 15 14 13
6 x 5 x 4
6 4/13 Green 15 14 13
15
6/13 Blue 4 x 6 x 6
15 14 13
4 x 6 x 4
Blue 4/13 Red 15 14 13
4 x 6 x 3
6/14 3/13 Green 15 14 13
6/13 Blue 4 x 3 x 6
4 3/14 15 14 13
4 x 3 x 3
15 Red Red 3/13 Red 15 14 13

4 x 3 x 5
5/14 5/13 Green 15 14 13
6/13 Blue 4 x 5 x 6
Green 15 14 13
4 x 5 x 5
5/13 Red 15 14 13
4 x 5 x 3
3/13 Green 15 14 13
5/13 Blue 5 x 6 x 5
15 14 13
5 x 6 x 5
5 6/14 Blue 5/13 Red 15 14 13

5 x 6 x 3
15 3/13 Green 15 14 13
6/13 Blue 5 x 4 x 6
15 14 13
5 x 4 x 4
Green 4/14 Red 4/13 Red 15 14 13

5 x 4 x 3
3/13 Green 15 14 13
Blue 5 x 4 x 6
6/13 15 14 13
5 x 4 x 4
4/14 Green 4/13 Red 15 14 13
5 x 4 x 3
3/13 Green 15 14 13
36
(a)they are all blue
6/15*5/14*4/13=120/2730
(b)two are blue and one is green
6/15*5/14*3/13=90/2730
6/15*4/14*4/13=96/2730
5/15*5/14*4/13=100/2730
90/2730+96/2730+100/2730=286/2730
(c) there is one of each color.
6/15*5/14*4/13
2/5*5/14*4/13
40/910*6
240/910
24/91
Part 2
7. Differentiate between ‘Discrete’ and ‘Continuous’ random variables.
A Random Variable is a set of possible values from a random experiment.
37
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR COMPARISON DISCRETE VARIABLE CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Meaning Discrete variable refers to the Continuous variable alludes to
variable that assumes a finite the a variable which assumes
number of isolated values. infinite number of different
values.
Range of specified number Complete Incomplete
Values Values are obtained by counting. Values are obtained by
measuring.
Classification Non-overlapping Overlapping
Assumes Distinct or separate values. Any value between the two
values.
Represented by Isolated points Connected points
Examples
Discrete Variable
- Number of printing mistakes in a book.

- Number of road accidents in Colombo.
- Number of siblings of an individual.
Continuous Variable
- Height of a person
- Age of a person
- Profit earned by the company.
38
7. Two fair cubical dice are thrown: one is red and one is blue. The random variable M represents the score
on the red die minus the score on the blue die.
(a) Find the distribution of M.
(b) Write down E(M).
(c) Find Var(M).
a)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1/36 2/36 3/36 4/36 5/36 6/36 5/36 4/36 3/36 2/36 1/36
b)
E(M) -5/36 -8/36 -9/36 -8/36 -5/36 + 0 + 5/36 -8/36 +9/36 +8/36 +5/36
E(M) = 0
c)
1/36(-5/36)2 = 1/36 * 25/1296 * 2
1/36(-5/36)2 = 2/36 * 64/1296 * 2
1/36(-5/36)2 = 3/36 * 81/1296 * 2
1/36(-5/36)2 = 4/36 * 64/1296 * 2
1/36(-5/36)2 = 5/36 * 25/1296 * 2
39
8. Two 10p coins are tossed. The random variable X represents the total value of each coin lands heads up.
(a)Find E(X) and Var(X).
0=tail, tail…….1
10p=tail, head, tail, head…2
20p=head, head…3
4
a.
E(x) = ∑[ xp ( x = x ) ]
= 0 x ¼ +2/4 x 10 + ¼ x 20
= 0+ 20/4 +20/4
E(x) = 40/10
= 10
Figure 2:: Find E(X) and Var(x)
Var(x) = E(x3) – [ E (x) ]2

= ( 0 )3 x ¼ + ( 10 )2 x 2/4 + ( 20 )2 x ¼ - [ E (x) ]2
= 0 + 100 x 2 + 400 - [ E (x) ]2
4 4
= 200 + 400 - [ E (x) ]2
4 4
= 150 - [ E (x) ]2
E (x) = 10 = 150 – [10]2
Var (x) = 150 – 100
Var (x) = 50
Figure 3::Find E(x) and Var(x)
40
The random variables S and T are defined as follows:

S = X-10 and T = (1/2)X-5
(b)Show that E(S) = E(T).
E(s) = E (x) – 10
= 10 – 10
=0
E(T) = ( ½ E(x) – 5 )
= ½ (10) – 5
= 10 – 10
=0
50, E(s) = E(T)
Figure 4:: Show that E(S) = E(T)
(c)Find Var(S) and Var (T).
Var(S) = Var(x)
= 50
Var(T) = (1/2)2 Var(x)
= 50/4
= 12.5
Var(S) = 50
Var(T) = 12.5
Figure 5::Find Var(S) and Var(T)
(d)
Susan and Thomas play a game using two 10p coins. The coins are tossed and Susan records her score using
the random variable S and Thomas uses the random variable T. After a large number of tosses they compare
their scores.
41
Comment on any likely differences or similarities.
Thomas and susan should have almost zero points

susan’s scores must have been different than Thomas.
9. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

X 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 1/3 1/3 k 1/4
where k is a constant.
(a) Find the value of k.
1/3 + 1/3 + k + 1/4 = 1

4 + 4 + 12k + 3 =12
K = 1/2
(b) Find P(X ≤3).
P(X ≤3).
P(X ≤3) = 1/3 + 1/3 + k
P(X ≤3) = 1/3 + 1/3 + ½
P(X ≤3) = 4 + 4 + 1
12
P(X ≤3) = 5/12
42
Part 3
10.In a quality control analysis, the random variable X represents the number of defective products per
each batch of 100 products produced.
Defects (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Batches 95 113 87 64 13 8
(a) Use the frequency distribution above to construct a probability distribution for X.
95 + 113 + 87 + 64 + 13 + 8
380
P(0) = 95/380 P(1) = 113/380 P(2) = 87/380 P(3) = 64/380 P(4) = 13/380 P(5) = 8/380
(b) Find the mean of this probability distribution.
P(0) = 0.25 P(1) = 0.23 P(2) = 0.22 P(3) = 0.17 P(4) = 0.03 P(5) = 0.02
0.25*0 + 0.23*1 + 0.22*2 + 0.17*3 + 0.03*4 + 0.02*5
0 + 0.23 + 0.44 + 0.51 + 0.12 + 0.10
1.40
43
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
Defect(x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
batches 95 113 87 64 13 8
P(x) 0.25 0.29 0.22 0.16 0.03 0.02
ΣP(x) 0 0.29 0.44 0.48 0.12 0.1
X2 0 1 4 9 16 25
X2*p(x) 0 0.29 0.88 0.48 0.48 0.5
Variance: σ 2 = Σx 2P(x) − µ 2
σ 2 =2.63-0.9409
σ 2 =1.6891
11. A surgery has a success rate of 75%. Suppose that the surgery is performed on three
patients.
(a) What is the probability that the surgery is successful on exactly 2 patients?
n=2,q0=1
P(2) = nC2 p2 qn-1

P(2) = nC2 p2 q3-2
P(2) = nC2 p2 q1
P(2) = nC2 (0.75)2 (0.25)1
P(2) = nC2 0.5623*0.25
P(2) = nC2 0.140625
P(2) = 0.141
(b) Let X be the number of successes. What are the possible values of X?
44
P(x)= nC1 pn qh-x

0,1,2,3
(c) Create a probability distribution for X.
Find p(p),p(1),p(2),and p(3) n=3

P(0)= nC0 p0 qn-0= 3C0 (0.75)2 (0.25)2 = 3C0 * 1(0.25)3 =0.0156
P(1)= nC1 p1 qn-1= 3C1 (0.75)1 (0.25)2 = 3C1 (0.75)(0.625) =0.0468
P(2)= nC2 p2 qn-2= 3C2 (0.75)2 (0.25)1 = 0.141
P(3)= nC3 p3 qn-3= 3C3 (0.75)3 (0.25)2 = 3C1 (0.421)*1=0.422
P(0)=0.016
P(1)=0.47
P(2)=0.141
P(3)=0.422
Figure 6::(d) Graph the probability distribution
45
(e) Find the mean of X.
Mean = np n = 3, p = 0.75
Mean = 3 * 0.75
Mean = 2.25
(f) Find the variance and standard deviation of X.
Variance = npq
Variance = 2.25 * 0.25
Variance = 0.5625
Variance = 0.56
σ2 = √0.56
12. Colombo City typically has rain on about 16% of days in November.
(a) What is the probability that it will rain on exactly 5 days in November? 15 days?
P=0.16, n=30
P(5) = Cn1 pn qn-2
P(5) = C30 1 (0.16)5 (0.84)30-2
P(5) = C30 1 (0.16)5 (0.84)28
P(5) =0.19
P(15) = Cn1 pn qn-2
46
P(15) = C30 1 (0.16)15 (0.84)13

P(15) =0.000013
b) What is the mean number of days with rain in November?
Mean = np
Mean = 30 * 0.16
Mean = 4.8
(c) What is the variance and standard deviation of the number of days with rain in November?
Variance= npq
Variance =4.8 * 0.84
Variance =4.032
σ2 = 2
13. From past records, a supermarket finds that 26% of people who enter the supermarket will make a
purchase. 18 people enter the supermarket during a one-hour period.
(a) What is the probability that exactly 10 customers, 18 customers and 3 customers make a purchase?
10 Customers
P (10) = n C10 P10 q n-1
= n C10 P10 q n-1 = n C10 (0.26 )10 (0.74)8
= (0.000001) * (0.0899)
P (10) = 0.0000000899
18 Customers
P (18) = n C18 P18 q n-18
= n C18 P ( 0.26 )18 ( 0.74 )0
47
= 0.00000000002947 * 1
P (18) = 0.0000000000295
3 Customers
P (3) = n C3 P3 q n-3
= n C3 ( 0.26 )3 ( 0.74 )15
= ( 0.01757 ) * ( 0.0109 )
P (3) = 0.0001915
(b) Find the expected number of customers who make a purchase.
Mean = np
Mean = 18 * 0.26
Mean = 4.68
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of the number of customers who make a purchase.
Variance= npq
Variance =4.68 * 0.74
Variance =3.4632
σ2 = 3.4
14.On a recent math test, the mean score was 75 and the standard deviation was 5. Shan got 93. Would his
mark be considered an outlier if the marks were normally distributed? Explain.
93.75/5 = 18/5 = 3.6

5 > 3.6
48
- 5 is standard deviation.
- 3.6 is shan scored more than 1 standard deviation 3.6 higher than is peers.
- He will fall in the 3% outside the 3 standard deviation and this number is close to the third
standard deviations.
15.For each question, construct a normal distribution curve and label the horizontal axis and answer each
question.
The shelf life of a dairy product is normally distributed with a mean of 12 days and a standard deviation of
3 days.
(a)About what percent of the products last between 9 and 15 days?
Figure 7:: the products last between 9 and 15 days
Lower bound for 9 days = x – μ

σ
Lower bound for 9 days = 9 – 12
3
Lower bound for 9 days = 1
upper bound for 15 days = x – μ

σ
upper bound for 15 days = 15 – 12
3
upper bound for 15 days = 1
49
p = (9 < x < 15)
68%
(b)About what percent of the products last between 12 and 15 days?
Figure 8::the product last between 12 and 15 days
Lower bound for 12 days = x – μ

σ
Lower bound for 12 days = 12– 12
3
Lower bound for 12 days = 0
upper bound for 15 days = x – μ

σ
upper bound for 15 days = 15 – 12
3
upper bound for 15 days = 1
p = (12 < x < 15)
34%
50
(c)About what percent of the products last 6 days or less?
Figure 9::the product last 6 days or less
For 6 days or less = x – μ

σ
For 6 days or less = 6 – 12
3
For 6 days or less = -2
p = (x < 6 )
2.5%
(d)About what percent of the products last 15 or more days?
Figure 10::the products last 15 or more days
For 15 days or less = x – μ

σ
For 15 days or less = 15 – 12
3
51
For 15 days or less = 1
p = (x < 15 )
0.16
16%
16.Statistics held by the Road Safety Division of the Police shows that 78% of drivers being tested for their
licence pass at the first attempt.
If a group of 120 drivers are tested in one centre in a year, find the probability
that more than 99 pass at the first attempt, justifying the most appropriate distribution to be used for this
scenario.
This is a binomial question with n=120, p=0.78, p(x > 99) required
To use the normal distribution, we need a mean and standard deviation,
We use the binomial mean and standard deviation,
μ = np
μ =120*0.78
mean= 93.6
Part 4
17.Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and load balancing.
Load Ballancing Using Hashing
- To begin consider the simplest case of N=M

- We would like each machine to have N/M = 1 Jobs, the average load.
- Suppose the hash functions were truly random.
- Each ϰϵʋ was mapped independently to a random machine in [M]
- What is the maximum load in that case? Suprisingly, you can show.
52
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Theorem 1 = The max loaded bin has 0(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) balls with probability at , lest 1-1/N
Proof = The proof is a simple counting argument. The probability the some particular bin I has at
least k balls is at most,
1 Nk 1 1
(𝑛𝑘) (N)k ≤ ∗ Nk ≤ 𝑘! ≤ 1/ kk/2
k!
8𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Which is ≤ 1/N2 for 𝑘 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 To see this note that.
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Kk/2 ≥ (√𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) ≥22 logN = N2
8𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
So union bounding over all the bins, the change of some bin having more than (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) balls is 1/N.
(I’ve been sloppy with constants you can get better constants using stirling’s aproximotion.)
Moreover, you can show that this is tight. The load is much above the average.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
Observe that the calculation showing that the maximum load is 0(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) only uses that every set of
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
0(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁) balls behaves independently.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
The means that we do not need the hash family to be fully independent. It suffices to use 0(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁). Universal
hash family to assign balls to bills.
Activity 03
Part 1
1.If the Center of a circle is at (2, -7) and a point on the circle (5,6) find the formula of the circle.
The equation of a circle is,

(x-h)2 +(y-k) 2 = r2
(h, k) = the coordinates of the circle’s center= (2,7)
But it is known that the circle passes through the point (5,6=x, y) which mean its coordinates must
satisfy the circle’s equation.
(h, k) = (2, -7), (x, y)= (5,6) , r= the circle radius
(x-h)2 +(y-k) 2 = r2
r=(x-h)2 +( y-k) 2
r=(5-2)2 +( 6-[-7]) 2
53
r=(3)2 +( 13) 2
r=9+169
r2=178
r=13.34
use the distance formula to find the distance between the center (2, -7) and the given point on the
circle (5,6) that distance is the radius.
r=13.34
2.What surfaces in R3 are represented by the following equations?

z=3
y=5
In two- dimensional analytic geometry, the graph of an equation in the variables x and y is “curve” in R2.
In two- dimensional analytic geometry, the graph of an equation in the variables x, z and y is “surface” in
R3 .
The distance between two points p1(x1,y1) and p2(x2,y2) in the xy plane is given by the distance formula.
R=d(p1 p2)= √ (x2 -x1) 2 + (y2 -y1) 2
Similarly, The distance between two points p1 (x1,y1,z1) and p2 (x2,y2,z2) in xyz- space is given by the
following generalization of the distance formula.
d(p1 p2)= √ (x2 -x1) 2 + (y2 -y1) 2 + (z2 -z1) 2
this can be proved by repeated application the Pythagorean theorem.
So, z = 3, y = 5
r= √ (x2 -x1) 2 + (y2 -y1) 2 + (z2 -z1) 2
3.Find an equation of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l).
r2 =(x2 -x1) 2 + (y2 -y1) 2 + (z2 -z1) 2 distance for above question.
r2 =(X-H) 2 + (Y-K) 2 + (Z-L) 2
54
the equation of a sphere with center C(h, k, l) and radius r is,

4.Show that x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y + 2z + 6 = 0 is the equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and radius.
x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y + 2z + 6 = 0
we can rewrite the given equation in the form of an equation a sphere if we complete the snares.
x2 +4x+ y2– 6y+ z2+ 2z = -6

we add a constant +4,+9,+1 on the left and right sites.
x2 +4x+4+ y2– 6y+9+ z2+ 2z+1 = -6+4+9+1
(x2 +4x+4)+( y2– 6y+9)+( z2+ 2z+11) = 8

Perfect square trinomina factoring pattern use for this formula.
(x+2)(x+2)+(y-3)(y-3)+(z+1)(z+1)=8
(x+2) 2 +(y-3) 2 +( z+1) 2=8
Equation of acircle is such that center is c(h,k,l) and radius is r
h=2
k=3
l=1
r2 =8 / r=2.82
center is (-2,3,-1)
radius is 2.82
Part 2
5.3y= 2x-5 , 2y=2x+7 evaluate the x, y values using graphical method.
Given are the two following linear equations.

F (x) = 3y = 2x-5 ----------------1
F (x) = 2y = 2x+7----------------2
Graph the first equation by finding two data points.

By setting first x and y equal to zero it is possible to find the y intercept on the vertical units and the x
intercept on the horizontal units.
55
If x= 0 , then F (0) = 3y = 2x-5

= 3y = 2(0)-5
= y = -5/3 = -1.66
If y=0 , then F (x) = 3y = 2x-5
= 3(0) = 2x-5
= 2x = 5
x = 5/2 = 2.5
Then resulting data points are ( 02 -1.66 ) and ( 2.5,0)
Graph the second equation by finding two data points, By setting first x and then y equal to the zero it is
possible to find the y intercept on the vertical units and the x intercept on the horizontal axis.
If x= 0, then F(0)= 2y = 2x+7

2y =7
y = 3.5
If y= 0, then F(x)= 2y = 2x+7

2(0) = 2x+7
x= -7/2 = -3.5
The resulting data points are (0,3.5) and (-3.5,0)
Data points, (0, -1.66 ) (2.5, 0) 3y = 2x – 5
(0, 3.5 ) (-3.5,0) 2y = 2x + 7
56
It is clear from the above figure that the co-ordinates of the intersection point of the two straight lines is
( -15.5, 12 ). This points lies on both the lines , and hence satisfy both linear equations 3y = 2x – 5 and
2y = +7. Hence the solution of pair of simultaneous equations is ,
x = -15.5 y = -12
6.
a=(2i+3j) , b=(4i-2j) and c=(1i+4j) evaluate the volume of the shape.
57
Where height=||c||*|cos σ |
Thus,
Volume=1/3*(1/2*||a*b||)*||c||*|cos σ |
Volume=1/6*||a*b||*||c||*|cos σ |
Since | (a*b)*c|=||a*b||*||c||*|cos σ |,
Volume of the tetrahedron=1/6*| (a*b)*c |
Volume of the tetrahedron=1/6* [(2i+3j+k)*(4i-2j-3k)*(li+4j-2k)]
a=(2i+3j+k)
b=(4i-2j-3k)
c=(li+4j-2k)
volume=1/6 |2 3 1|
volume=1/6|4 -2 -3|
volume=1/6|1 4 -2|
determinant of ,
|2 3 1|
|4 -2 -3| = 2[(-2)(-2)-4(-3)]-3[4(-2)-1(-3)]+1[(4)(4)-1(2)]
|1 4 -2|
=65
Therefore, volume of tetrahedron=1/6*65=65/6
Activity 04
Part 1
58
1.Find the function whose tangent has slope 4x + 1 for each value of x and whose graph passes through the
point (1, 2).
The tangent line of a function of a function of a variable has a slope directly related to the function.
The slope of the tangent line is equal to the value of the derivativities of the function at the point.
- The slope of the tangent line is given by the derivative of the function.
m=f1 (x) =4x+1
- Integrating the derivative of the of the function, it results.
f(x) = ∫ 𝑓′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑓′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫(4𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 4𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
= 2X2 + X + C
From the point, we determine the constant
( 1, 2 ) f (x) = 2x2 + x + c
2 = 2(1)2 + (1) + c
c = -1
The function, therefore results: f(x)=2x2+x-1

2.Find the function whose tangent has slope 3x2 + 6x − 2 for each value of x and whose graph passes
through the point (0, 6).
- The tangent line of a function of a variable has a slope directly related to the function.
- The slope of the tangent line is equal to the value of the derivative of the function at the point.
- The slope of the tangent line is given by the derivative of the function.
m=f(x)=3x2 + 6x-2
- Integrating the derivative of the function, it results.
f(x) = ∫ 𝑓′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 ′ ((3𝑥 ∗ 3𝑥) + 6𝑥 − 2 )𝑑𝑥

f(x) = 3x3 /3 + 6x2/2 – 2x + c
f(x) = x3 + 3x3 – 2x + c
59
- From the point, we determine the constant,

( 0,6 ) f (0) = 6
6 = (0)3 + 3(0)2 -2 (0) + c
C=6
The function, therefore, results.
f(x)=x3+3x2-2x+6
Part 2
3 It is estimated that t years from now the population of a certain lakeside community will be changing
at the rate of 0.6t 2 + 0.2t + 0.5 thousand people per year. Environmentalists have found that the level of
pollution in the lake increases at the rate of approximately 5 units per 1000 people. By how much will
the pollution in the lake increase during the next 2 years?
- Let p(t) denote the population of the community t years from now. Then the rate of change of the
population with respect to time is the derivative.
dp/dt=p1(t)=0.6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5
- It follows that the population function p(t) is an antiderivative of 0.6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5 that is,
P(t) = ∫ 𝑝′ (𝑡)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑝′ (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ( 0.6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5 )dt

= 0.2t3 + 0.1t2 + 0.5t + c
• For some constant c. during the next 2 years, the population will grow on behalf of,
P(2)-p(0)=0.2*23+0.1*22+0.5*2+c-c
P(2)-p(0)=1.6+0.4+1
P(2)-p(0)=3 thousand people.
Hence , the pollution in the lake will increase on behalf of 5.3=15 units
60
4.An object is moving so that its speed after t minutes is v(t) = 1+4t+3t 2 meters per minute. How far does
the object travel during 3rd minute?
Figure 11:the object travel during 3rd
61
Part 3
5, indicating where is increasing/decreasing, concave up/down, and any asymptotic behavior.
Figure 12:is the graph
62
6.Draw the graph of f(x)= 3x4-6X3+3x2 by using the extreme points from differentiation.
Figure 13:the graph of f(x)= 3x4-6X3+3x2
63
Let’s build a variation chart
Figure 14:Let’s build a variation chart
Use technology to graph f1(x)
Figure 15:Use technology to graph f1(x)
64
Figure 16:Use technology to graph f1(x)
65
Part 4
7.For the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6, find the positions of any local minima or maxima and
distinguish between them.
Figure 17:the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6
66
Figure 18:the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6
67
8.Determine the local maxima and/or minima of the function y = x4 −1/3x3
Figure 19: the local maxima and/or minima of the function y = x4 −1/3x3
68
69
9.By further differentiation, identify lines with minimum y = 12 x 2 − 2x, y = x 2 + 4x + 1, y=

12x − 2x 2 , y = −3x 2 + 3x + 1.
Figure 22:identify lines with minimum y = 12 x 2 − 2x, y = x 2 + 4x + 1
70
71
72
73
74
Self – criticism
When I am doing this assignment, I had many difficulties in remembering the meaning of technical words
such as Load balancing, standard deviation, and many other words. I dealt with such teams by classifying
them and jotting them down to personal notes through research on the area I was coping with, so that I would
often remember them but with the guidance from my lecturer and my positive attitude help me to complete
this assignment successfully.
It is also my fault that at certain points I have debated topics to my personal opinion even though there were
lack of evidence supporting my conclusions. Such points reflect my inability to critically compare and
highlights my inability to transcribe direct quotations.
I could always include the most timely, accurate and reliable information to support my suggestions. Even
though these things degrade the quality of my work, I found myself pushed to be a critical and reflectivity
learner through the experiences I had dealing the trials raised upon completion of the assignment...
75
Gantt chart
Figure 27:Gantt chart
76

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Maths Assignment – HND COM

Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

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Assignment Number 1 Assessor

LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.

Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M2 D2

Pass, Merit & Distinction P7 P8 M4 D4

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Unit Number and Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Academic Year 2017/2018

Assignment Title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

IV Name & Date

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios

LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions

LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

The random variables S and T are defined as follows:

9. A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

(d) About what percent of the products last 15 or more days?

17.Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and load balancing.

2. What surfaces in R3 are represented by the following equations?

3. Find an equation of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l).

5. 3y= 2x-5 , 2y=2x+7 evaluate the x, y values using graphical method.

a=(2i+3j) , b=(4i-2j) and c=(1i+4j) evaluate the volume of the shape.

8. Determine the local maxima and/or minima of the function y = x4 −1/3x3

9. By further differentiation, identify lines with minimum y = 12 x 2 − 2x, y = x 2 + 4x + 1,

LO1 : Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios

P1 Calculate the greatest common divisor and least common multiple

P2 Use relevant theory to sum arithmetic and geometric

M1 Identify multiplicative inverses in modular arithmetic.

D1 Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime

P3 Deduce the conditional probability of different events occurring

M2 Calculate probabilities within both binomially distributed and

D2 Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using

P5 Identify simple shapes using co-ordinate geometry.

P6 Determine shape parameters using appropriate vector methods.

M3 Evaluate the coordinate system used in programming a simple

P7 Determine the rate of change within an algebraic function.

P8 Use integral calculus to solve practical problems involving area.

M4 Analyse maxima and minima of increasing and decreasing

(a)they are all blue.................................................................................................................................... 37