NMAT - Must Know-Chemistry

NMAT Review
Must Know: Chemistry [THREAD]
(Topics: Matter, Solubility, Concentration, Colligative Properties, Gas Laws, Atom, Compounds, Acids & Bases,
Chemical Tests, Thermochemistry, Quantum numbers etc.)
1. Chemistry
-science that deals with the properties and composition of various forms of matter
Matter
-anything that has mass and occupies space
Mass
-amount of matter in an object
Volume
-amount of space occupied by matter
2. Properties of Matter ½
3. Properties of Matter 2/2
4. Chemical vs Physical Property
5. Extensive vs Intensive Property

6. Phases of Matter
7. Phase Change
8. Classification of Matter
9. Pure Substance vs Mixture

10. Elements vs Compounds vs Mixtures
11. Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Mixtures

12. Solutions vs Colloids vs Suspension
13. Types of Colloids
14. Solubility-the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent under specific conditions.
Concentration-measure of the relative amounts of the components of a solution.
Solute vs Solvent
15. Diluted vs Concentrated

16. Measures of Concentration 1/7
18. Measure of Concentration 3/ 7

Moles
Molarity
20. Measures of Concentration 5/ 7

Molality

Mole Fraction
Normality can also be expressed as:
Normality(N) = Molarity (M) x Equivalents (eq)
23. General Solubility Rule
24. Colligative Properties of Solution

-properties of solutions that depends on the ratio of the no. of solutes to the no. of solvent molecules
present in a solution
-they do not depend on the nature of the chemical species present
25. Osmotic Pressure-pressure needed to prevent osmosis, which is the spontaneous net movement of solvent
molecules through a semi-permeable membrane in to a region of higher solute concentrations.
26. Vapor Pressure Lowering-the addition of nonvolatile solute to a volatile solvent will diminish the
escaping tendency of the solvent thereby lowering vapor pressure of the solution.
27. Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling point-the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external
atmospheric pressure (1 atm=760 mmHg)
28. Freezing Point Depression

Freezing Point-the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium under an external
pressure of 1 atm.
29. Atomic Theory of Matter
30. Components of an atom
31. Properties of an atom

Mass number =proton + neutron
Atomic number = proton
32. Key Terms:
Isomers-Same formula but different structures
Isotopes-Same atomic numbers different mass number
Isobars-Same mass number different atomic number
Isotones-Same number of neutrons
Isoelectronic-Same number of electrons
33. Periodic Table of Elements

34. Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids
35. Groups in the Periodic Table

36. Periodic Trends
37. Trivias about element
38. Types of Bonds

Ionic-made up of + and – ions; metals and nonmetals; losing or gaining of electrons
Covalent/ Molecular-nonmetals; sharing of electrons
39. Empirical vs Molecular Formula
40. Intermolecular Forces

a.Electrostatic interactions-attractions between the opposing poles of dipole molecules
-dipole-dipole
-ion-dipole
-ion-induced dipole
-hydrogen bonding
b.Van Der Waal’s-sum of all attractive and repulsive forces between and within molecules
41. Ideal Gas Concept

An ideal gas is where all interactions between the molecules are only through collsions that are assumed
to be elastic.
42. Gas Laws
43. Boyle’s Law-States that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its
volume at a constant temperature.
44. Charle’s Law- states that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature.
45. Gay-Lussac’s Law-states that, for a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure exerted
on the sides of its container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
46. Avogadro’s Law-states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal
numbers of molecules.
47. Combined Gas Law

48. Law of Partial Pressure
49. Law of Effusion-the rate at which gas diffuses is inversely proportional to the root of its density
50. Types of Reaction
51. Redox Reaction ½

52. Redox Reaction 2/2
53. Neutralization Reaction
54. Balancing Chemical Equation

55. Balancing Chemical Equation
56. Limiting and Excess Reagents

57. Enthalpy-the total energy of an object or system
58. Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction

59. Gibbs Free Energy Table
60. Reversible Reaction
61. Equilibrium-the state of reaction at which the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the
reverse reaction producing a condition where the concentrations of the reactants and the products remain
relatively constant.
62. Acid vs Base

63. Definition of Acids/Bases
64. Conjugates
65. First Law of Thermodynamics

66. Second Law of Thermodynamics
67. Quantum numbers
68. Quantum numbers
69.
69. Disaccharides and their monomers
70. Common Chemical Tests ¼
71. Common Chemical Tests 2/4

72. Common Chemical Tests ¾
73. Common Chemical Tests 4/4

74. Types of Isomerism
75. Constitutional/Structural Isomers vs Stereoisomers

76. Cis-Trans Isomerism
77. E-Z Isomerism
E-the higher priority group are on the opposite sides

Z-the higher priority group are on the same sides
78. Hydrocarbons
-a compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those which are the chief components of petroleum
and natural gas
79. Aliphatic vs Aromatic Hydrocarbons
80. Saturated vs Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
81. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

82. Nomenclature of Alkanes
83. Reactions of Alkanes

84. Reaction of Alkenes
85. Alcohols
-hydrocarbons that contain an -OH molecule
-products of primary oxidation
86. Properties of Alcohols
87. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

88. Carbonyl Group
Aldehyde-carbonyl group is attached to the end of the alkyl group

Ketones-carbonyl group is the attached in the middle of the alkyl group
89. Carbonyl Group

90. Aldehydes vs Ketones
91. Naming Alcohols

92. Naming Aldehydes
93. Naming Ketones
94. Carboxylic Acid

-highest oxidation state of organic compounds
-contains one or more carboxyl group
95. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid
96. Esters and Ethers

97. Esters and Ethers
98. Naming Esters

99. Naming Ethers
100. Types of Organic Compounds

101. Organic Compounds
102. Aromatic Compounds

103. Heterocyclic Compounds
104. Naming Heterocyclic Compounds

105. Types of Monosaccharides
106. Types of Carbohydrates

107. Simple Sugars
108. Radioactive Decay
109. Types of Radioactive Decay

110. Half life
-End of Chemistry
-Nothing Follows-

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NMAT Review

Must Know: Chemistry [THREAD]

4. Chemical vs Physical Property

5. Extensive vs Intensive Property

9. Pure Substance vs Mixture

11. Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Mixtures

13. Types of Colloids

15. Diluted vs Concentrated

17. Measures of Concentration 2/7

18. Measure of Concentration 3/ 7

20. Measures of Concentration 5/ 7

21. Measure of Concentration 6/ 7

23. General Solubility Rule

24. Colligative Properties of Solution

27. Boiling Point Elevation

atmospheric pressure (1 atm=760 mmHg)

28. Freezing Point Depression

30. Components of an atom

31. Properties of an atom

33. Periodic Table of Elements

35. Groups in the Periodic Table

37. Trivias about element

38. Types of Bonds

40. Intermolecular Forces

41. Ideal Gas Concept

42. Gas Laws

47. Combined Gas Law

50. Types of Reaction

51. Redox Reaction ½

53. Neutralization Reaction

54. Balancing Chemical Equation

56. Limiting and Excess Reagents

58. Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction

60. Reversible Reaction

62. Acid vs Base

65. First Law of Thermodynamics

67. Quantum numbers

68. Quantum numbers

70. Common Chemical Tests ¼

71. Common Chemical Tests 2/4

73. Common Chemical Tests 4/4

75. Constitutional/Structural Isomers vs Stereoisomers

77. E-Z Isomerism

E-the higher priority group are on the opposite sides

81. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

83. Reactions of Alkanes

87. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

Aldehyde-carbonyl group is attached to the end of the alkyl group

89. Carbonyl Group

91. Naming Alcohols

93. Naming Ketones

94. Carboxylic Acid

96. Esters and Ethers

98. Naming Esters

100. Types of Organic Compounds

102. Aromatic Compounds

104. Naming Heterocyclic Compounds

106. Types of Carbohydrates