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    Transcription Bonak

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    dusty kawi
    Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viruses. Viruses infect all forms of life including bacteria, archaea, plants and animals. Once a virus infects a host cell, it takes over the cell's functions to produce copies of itself, which then burst out and infect new host cells, spreading the viral infection. While viruses cause many diseases, some are also being studied for their potential applications in strengthening crop immunity and developing new cancer treatments.

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    Transcription Bonak

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    dusty kawi
    34 views1 page
    Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viruses. Viruses infect all forms of life including bacteria, archaea, plants and animals. Once a virus infects a host cell, it takes over the cell's functions to produce copies of itself, which then burst out and infect new host cells, spreading the viral infection. While viruses cause many diseases, some are also being studied for their potential applications in strengthening crop immunity and developing new cancer treatments.

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    Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viruses. Viruses infect all forms of life including bacteria, archaea, plants and animals. Once a virus infects a host cell, it takes over the cell's functions to produce copies of itself, which then burst out and infect new host cells, spreading the viral infection. While viruses cause many diseases, some are also being studied for their potential applications in strengthening crop immunity and developing new cancer treatments.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    34 views1 page

    Transcription Bonak

    Uploaded by

    dusty kawi
    Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside host cells. They consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viruses. Viruses infect all forms of life including bacteria, archaea, plants and animals. Once a virus infects a host cell, it takes over the cell's functions to produce copies of itself, which then burst out and infect new host cells, spreading the viral infection. While viruses cause many diseases, some are also being studied for their potential applications in strengthening crop immunity and developing new cancer treatments.

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    Transcription Bonak

    Walter Reed discovered the first human virus in 1901, but what is a virus? Viruses are
    everywhere from our surroundings to the very food we eat. We ingest inhale and take in millions
    of viruses every second. Pretty much all life on Earth has some kind of virus designed
    specifically to infect it including bacteria and even other viruses. Viruses are tiny, very tiny. You
    cannot visibly see them. In fact they are so small that if bacteria had eyes even they wouldn't be
    able to see all of them. Most scientists accept that viruses are not living but a complex collection
    of organic matter that is able to self-replicate. They mostly consist of a shell made of protein
    which inside contains either DNA or RNA with enzymes for replication and manipulation of their
    genetic materials. Are you still with me? Good. Let's look more closely. A virus is actually just a
    piece or strand of genetic information usually DNA or RNA which can be single or double
    stranded. This is the viruses’ genome. It uses this with the help of various molecular machines
    to replicate itself. However it cannot do this alone. It must infect some kind of cell. Cells are the
    smallest unit of life. They manufacture proteins, replicate DNA, and store resources. This makes
    them perfect hosts for viruses. Armed with its genetic material, viruses are able to infect healthy
    cells and convert them into mindless virus producing robots. The virus uses this outer protein
    coat covered in small molecular receptors to bind and join to the membrane of a cell. This is
    essential as it is what determines which cells a virus is able to infect. Once joined, the virus
    uses several complicated biological pathways in order to force the cell to either accept its
    genetic material or take in the entire virus itself. Once in the cell the virus will then begin to use
    its molecular Arsenal to hijack the cell's protein manufacturing systems and DNA replication
    mechanism. After the virus has integrated itself into the cells own DNA, the cell will then
    replicate its DNA and use it to manufacture proteins. Without the cell even knowing it produces
    viral protein shells filling them with virus DNA effectively making copies of the virus and
    assembling them. The virus making machine begins to take over more and more of the cells
    protein manufacturing ribosomes churning out thousands of new viruses which quickly fill the
    cell. These viruses then cause tension within the cell and by several different means bursts from
    the cell with the intention of infecting new hosts for the same purpose. Seems like relentless
    biological vandalism to me. Viruses are not all bad though. Some are being used to help
    strengthen disease resistance in crops whilst others such as HIV are being used in curing
    certain types of cancers but what is the most remarkable of all is that many scientists believe
    some viruses that infected bacteria billions of years ago helped form the first cell nucleus if this
    is true then all complex cellular life on Earth descended from a single virus and his rubbish
    attempt at trying to infect a bacterium. Now that is remarkable!

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