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    Siemens: A PCD-3Psx Laptop, Released in 1989

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    Ramel
    The portable personal computer was imagined in 1968 and prototypes were developed in the 1970s, leading to the first commercially available portable computer in 1975. Laptop-sized notebook computers emerged in the early 1980s, with models like the Epson HX-20 in 1982 introducing LCD screens, batteries, and small sizes. Throughout the 1980s, laptop designs improved with innovations like touchpads and pointing sticks, as displays increased in resolution and color became standard, while components like hard drives and optical drives became commonly included.

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    Siemens: A PCD-3Psx Laptop, Released in 1989

    Uploaded by

    Ramel
    89 views2 pages
    The portable personal computer was imagined in 1968 and prototypes were developed in the 1970s, leading to the first commercially available portable computer in 1975. Laptop-sized notebook computers emerged in the early 1980s, with models like the Epson HX-20 in 1982 introducing LCD screens, batteries, and small sizes. Throughout the 1980s, laptop designs improved with innovations like touchpads and pointing sticks, as displays increased in resolution and color became standard, while components like hard drives and optical drives became commonly included.

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    The portable personal computer was imagined in 1968 and prototypes were developed in the 1970s, leading to the first commercially available portable computer in 1975. Laptop-sized notebook computers emerged in the early 1980s, with models like the Epson HX-20 in 1982 introducing LCD screens, batteries, and small sizes. Throughout the 1980s, laptop designs improved with innovations like touchpads and pointing sticks, as displays increased in resolution and color became standard, while components like hard drives and optical drives became commonly included.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views2 pages

    Siemens: A PCD-3Psx Laptop, Released in 1989

    Uploaded by

    Ramel
    The portable personal computer was imagined in 1968 and prototypes were developed in the 1970s, leading to the first commercially available portable computer in 1975. Laptop-sized notebook computers emerged in the early 1980s, with models like the Epson HX-20 in 1982 introducing LCD screens, batteries, and small sizes. Throughout the 1980s, laptop designs improved with innovations like touchpads and pointing sticks, as displays increased in resolution and color became standard, while components like hard drives and optical drives became commonly included.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    As the personal computer (PC) became feasible in 1971, the idea of a portable personal

    computer soon followed. A "personal, portable information manipulator" was imagined by Alan
    Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968,[4] and described in his 1972 paper as the "Dynabook".[5] The IBM
    Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) was demonstrated in 197999. This prototype
    was based on the IBM PALM processor.[6] The IBM 5100, the first commercially available
    portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.[7]
    As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The
    first "laptop-sized notebook computer" was the Epson HX-20,[8][9] invented (patented) by Suwa
    Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980,[10] introduced at the COMDEX computer show in Las
    Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1981,[11][9] and released in July 1982.[9][12] It had
    an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis,
    the size of an A4 notebook.[9] It was described as a "laptop" and "notebook" computer in its
    patent.[10]
    The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared
    in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. It was a portable microcomputer designed and
    marketed by the studies and developments department of R2E Micral at the request of company
    CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8085 processor, 8-bit,
    clocked at 2 MHz. It was equipped with a central 64 KB RAM, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric
    keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk : capacity =
    140,000 characters, of a thermal printer : speed = 28 characters / second, an asynchronous
    channel, a synchronous channel, a 220 V power supply. It weighed 12 kg and its dimensions
    were 45 x 45 x 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was the aptly named
    Prologue.

    A Siemens PCD-3Psx laptop, released in 1989

    The Osborne 1, released in 1981, was a luggable computer that used the Zilog Z80 and weighed
    24.5 pounds (11.1 kg).[13] It had no battery, a 5 in (13 cm) cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, and
    dual 5.25 in (13.3 cm) single-density floppy drives. Both Tandy/RadioShack and Hewlett
    Packard (HP) also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period.[14][15] The
    first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The Dulmont Magnum was
    released in Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–85. The
    US$8,150 (US$21,590 today) GRiD Compass 1101, released in 1982, was used at NASA and by
    the military, among others. The Sharp PC-5000,[16] Ampere[17] and Gavilan SC released in 1983.
    The Gavilan SC was described as a "laptop" by its manufacturer,[18] while the Ampere had a
    modern clamshell design.[17][19] The Toshiba T1100 won acceptance not only among PC experts
    but the mass market as a way to have PC portability.[20]
    From 1983 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in laptops,
    including the touchpad (Gavilan SC, 1983), the pointing stick (IBM ThinkPad 700, 1992),
    and handwriting recognition (Linus Write-Top,[21] 1987). Some CPUs, such as the 1990
    Intel i386SL, were designed to use minimum power to increase battery life of portable computers
    and were supported by dynamic power management features such as Intel SpeedStep and
    AMD PowerNow! in some designs.
    Displays reached 640x480 (VGA) resolution by 1988 (Compaq SLT/286), and color screens
    started becoming a common upgrade in 1991, with increases in resolution and screen size
    occurring frequently until the introduction of 17" screen laptops in 2003. Hard drives started to be
    used in portables, encouraged by the introduction of 3.5" drives in the late 1980s, and became
    common in laptops starting with the introduction of 2.5" and smaller drives around 1990;
    capacities have typically lagged behind physically larger desktop drives. Optical storage, read-
    only CD-ROM followed by writeable CD and later read-only or writeable DVD and Blu-
    ray players, became common in laptops early in the 2000s.

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