XTC Transmitters Series 344 Termperature Transmitters User'S Manual
XTC Transmitters Series 344 Termperature Transmitters User'S Manual
UM344-2
Issue 1
August 1995
XTC TRANSMITTERS
USER’S MANUAL
UM344-2 CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0 INSTALLATION...................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 EQUIPMENT DELIVERY AND HANDLING...................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Factory Shipment........................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 Receipt of Shipment....................................................................................................4-1
4.1.3 Storage ......................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................4-2
4.3 INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................4-2
4.3.1 Mechanical................................................................................................................4-2
4.3.2 Electrical....................................................................................................................4-3
4.3.3 Transmitter Operating Mode and Network Type...........................................................4-3
4.3.3.1 Analog Mode.....................................................................................................4-4
4.3.3.2 Digital Mode......................................................................................................4-4
4.3.4 Power Supply Requirements........................................................................................4-8
4.3.4.1 Point-To-Point Network.....................................................................................4-9
4.3.4.2 Multi-Drop Network ..........................................................................................4-9
4.3.5 Cable Capacitance and Maximum Length .................................................................. 4-10
4.3.5.1 Cable Capacitance........................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.5.2 Maximum Cable Length Calculation.................................................................. 4-10
September 1995 i
CONTENTS UM344-2
ii
September 1995
UM344-2 CONTENTS
iv
September 1995
UM344-2 CONTENTS
PARTS LIST
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
September 1995 v
CONTENTS UM344-2
LIST OF TABLES
The cover date has been changed, however, page dates were not changed at this time. Change bars were
placed on revised pages in the outside margins.
Moore Products Co. assumes no liability for errors or omissions in this document or for the application and use of information
included in this document. The information herein is subject to change without notice.
vi
September 1995
CONTENTS UM344-2
vi September 1995
UM344-2 INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This User’s Manual is for the XTC™ Model 344 Smart Temperature Transmitter. It covers both the
Transmitter-Controller and Transmitter only versions.
NOTE
Throughout this Manual the term Transmitter will include both versions
except when the Transmitter-Controller is specifically stated and when
discussing unique Transmitter-Controller features, such as the Controller
function block.
All information needed to bench test, install, configure, system test, and service a transmitter is included in
this User’s Manual. Figure 1-1 shows the basic Model 344. Figure 1-2 shows the two terminal strips for
loop, sensor, display, and test equipment connections .
IMPORTANT
Save this User's Manual for installing, configuring, operating and servicing
a Model 344 transmitter.
Nine sections make up this Manual. A brief description of each section follows.
Section 1, INTRODUCTION, describes each section in this Manual and provides a brief description of
the Model 344 Smart Temperature Transmitter line.
Section 2, XTC COMMUNICATOR (MXC), describes use of the MXC to test, configure, and calibrate a
transmitter.
Section 3, INITIAL TRANSMITTER SETUP, provides procedures to perform a bench test of the
transmitter to ensure proper operation of all functions. Start-up configuration is described here. If desired,
go to Section 5 to perform a complete configuration.
Section 4, INSTALLATION, furnishes specific information for mechanical and electrical installation.
Section 5, ON-LINE AND OFF-LINE OPERATION, describes on-line and off-line configuration, and
the use of the transmitter’s zero and full-scale pushbuttons.
Section 6, CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE, provides calibration procedures for analog and
digital modes. It also furnishes preventive maintenance, troubleshooting, and assembly replacement
procedures. A spare and replacement parts list is provided at the back of this Manual.
Section 7, CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION, contains an assembly level circuit description to support transmitter
servicing.
Before installing or servicing a transmitter, read the information on the nameplate and ensure that the
correct model is at hand and that the correct procedures are followed.
APPENDIX B contains hazardous area installation drawings and information needed for barrier selection.
WARRANTY contains the product warranty statements and information concerning servicing of the
product during the warranty period.
PARTS LIST shows an exploded view of the transmitter and a list of on-hand spare parts and field
replaceable parts.
X02801S1
FS
Electrical Entrance
1/2 NPT or M20 X 1.5
Tapped Hole Ground Connection
Digital Meter Option Electrical Connections
2 Places
SIGNAL TEST
+-
1 2 3
Terminal
Strips
Shown with Enclosure
Enclosure Cap Cap Removed
Quanitity 2 Mounting Hole
1/4-20 Thread
4 Places
Signal (+)
Terminal
SIGNAL TEST Notes:
+ -
1. Viewed with enclosure cap
removed.
Signal (-)
Terminal
Sensor Terminals for
Thermocouple, RTD, X02869S1
Ohms,or mV Input
The Model 344 Temperature Transmitter, shown in Figure 1-1, is a microprocessor-based measurement
and control device which combines accurate, reliable temperature measurement and a PID controller in
one unit. The Transmitter accepts an RTD, thermocouple, millivolt, slide wire or resistance sensor input.
It contains a custom ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) which contains standard temperature
calibration curves for J, K, E, T, R, S, B and N type thermocouples and US/DIN curves for 100, 200, and
500 ohm Platinum RTDs. The sensed signal is linearized and corrected for ambient temperature changes
by the microprocessor and then converted to an equivalent 4-20 mA or HART® (Highway Addressable
Remote Transducer) digital output signal.
The analog output signal, HART digital communications, and 24 Vdc power (typical) are carried on a
twisted-pair 2-wire cable. The HART digital communication signals are superimposed (AC coupled) onto
the 4-20 mA loop current allowing simultaneous communication with the Transmitter without
compromising loop integrity. A digital meter is available when local indication of transmitter output is
required. Loop wiring connections made to the electrical terminals shown in Figure 1-2.
A transmitter can be configured to operate in either an analog mode or a digital mode, for a Point-To-Point
or a Multi-Drop network respectively.
ANALOG MODE: A single transmitter is connected to a controller, recorder or other field device. A loop
known as a Point-To-Point Network interconnects the instruments. The transmitter's output is the process
variable and it is sent to a controller or recorder using a standard 4-20 mA analog current.
The HART protocol is used for communication between the transmitter and a Moore XTC Communicator
(MXC), a personal computer running MXTC Configuration Software or other remote device. A typical
communication can be to: transfer a new and edited configuration, remotely monitor the process variable,
or service a transmitter.
DIGITAL MODE: One to fifteen transmitters can be parallel connected to a Multi-Drop Network using
only twisted-pair cable. The HART protocol is employed to send all process variable information to a
HART-compatible controller, recorder, or other device.
A mounting bracket is included and permits either pipe mounting (2" pipe) or wall mounting. When
attached to a thermowell, the Transmitter can be mounted directly to a process vessel, chamber, or flow
pipe.
1.3 CONFIGURATION
A smart transmitter must be configured before being used on-line or off-line. Each transmitter is shipped
with either a default configuration or, if specified at time of order, a custom configuration defined by the
user. A default configuration may need to be edited by the user before the transmitter is used in a loop.
Product support can be obtained from the Moore Products Co. Technical Information Center (TIC). TIC is
a customer service center that provides direct phone support on technical issues related to the functionality,
application, and integration of all products supplied by Moore Products Co.
To contact TIC for support, either call 215-646-7400, extension 4TIC (4842) or leave a message in the
bulletin board service (BBS) by calling 215-283-4958. The following information should be at hand when
contacting TIC for support:
When someone calls for support for the first time, a personal caller number is assigned. This number is
mailed in the form of a caller card. Having the number available when calling for support will allow the
TIC representative taking the call to use the central customer database to quickly identify the caller’s
location and past support needs.
For product support outside of North America, contact your nearest Moore Products Co. subsidiary.
1-4 September 1995
UM344-2 XTC COMMUNICATOR
The Moore XTC Communicator (MXC) is a HART protocol-based, hand-held instrument capable of
communicating with HART conformant instruments from Moore Products Co. and from other
manufacturers. It provides full access to on-line and off-line configuration data and to monitoring of
process variables. An MXC is shown in Figure 2-1.
Stored X02856S0
Configurations
(Archives)
Personal Computer
The MXC and the field instruments with which it communicates use the HART protocol for remote
communications. HART uses Frequency Shift Keying (Bell 202 standard) to superimpose digital signaling
on the standard 4-20 mA analog signal. Since there is no net energy change, the analog signal will not be
disturbed and loop integrity is maintained.
An MXC can be used on-line and off-line. On-line, it can display process data from a field instrument or
transfer a configuration between the MXC and a field instrument. Off-line, it is used to create a
configuration or to edit a configuration stored in the MXC. Off-line, an MXC can communicate with a
personal computer to transfer configurations between the MXC and personal computer.
In the following sections, MXC hardware and software will be described. Included in this description will
be the display, keypad, wiring, and power requirements. In addition, at the end of this section, major MXC
menu screens are shown in Figure 2-2 and Model 344 parameters accessible through the MXC are
shown.
* Between the sense resistor and instrument in a non-hazardous area installation. Between the sense resistor and a barrier
in a hazardous area installation.
ON F1 F2 F3 F4 OFF
TRANS.
CHANGE A B C D E F G H I
SP 1 2 3
CHANGE J K L M N O P Q R
VALVE 4 5 6
S T U V W X Y Z #
A/M 7 8 9
@ % & SPACE + / *
TUNE
__
0 .
BACK
X02665O0
2.1 DISPLAY
The MXC has a 5 by 8 dot matrix Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with SELECT BLOCK TO EDIT
four lines of twenty characters each to show configuration - SENSOR INPUT -
parameters, operating status, on-line variables, and trends. The LCD SEL-
has a back light that can be turned on for viewing in dimly lighted PREV NEXT END ECT
areas.
All MXC screens have a similar layout. As shown here, most configuration screens use the top two lines
to describe the current screen, and the lower two lines to show the selections available from this screen.
Selections are entered by pressing keys on the MXC keypad. Some on-line variable and trend screens are
slightly different from that shown here, but they will always have a selection to access the next screen.
A blinking infinity symbol (∞) at the lower right corner of the screen indicates that the MXC is
communicating with a field instrument or a personal computer. No keyboard keys should be pressed until
the symbol is cleared upon completion of the communication.
The thirty-key keypad is shown in Figure 2-1. It contains dedicated keys, alphanumeric keys with shift
keys, and function keys. These keys are color coded as follows:
Ÿ Red - dedicated ON key
Ÿ Black - dedicated OFF key
Ÿ Gray - function keys and dedicated keys (for controller block, on-line monitoring, and MXC functions)
Ÿ White - dedicated alphanumeric, symbol, and shift keys
A dedicated key performs a given function no matter what screen is showing. A function key is
dependent upon the action being performed and the MXC's firmware; available selections are shown on
the screen's bottom two lines.
ON - This key powers up the MXC and initiates the MXC self-test. Press and hold the key until the
Moore logo appears and then release it. If the MXC fails self-test, a warning message will be displayed.
The MXC will now show the options available: communicate with a field instrument or personal computer
or do off-line configuration. These topics are discussed further in Section 5.
To conserve battery power, the MXC will shut off after 10 minutes if no keypad key is pressed. This
auto-shut-off is disabled when the MXC is on-line (e.g., displaying a process variable).
OFF - This key powers down the MXC. It may be used at any time. During configuration, however,
care should be taken so important information is not discarded. When the MXC is in certain modes and
communicating with a field instrument or personal computer, it will query the user as to whether or not it
should be turned off in this mode.
BACK LIGHT - This key turns on the LCD back light for easier viewing of the display in a dimly lighted
area. The back light is activated by pressing the key and is deactivated by again pressing the key.
NOTE
The back light consumes significant power. To extend battery life, use
the back light only when needed.
TRANS. VAR'S. - The Transmitter Variables key is a quick access key that is pressed to display a
screen showing the transmitter's on-line parameters: measured variable (MV), current output (I), process
variable (PV) and their respective units. Exit this screen by again pressing the TRANS. VAR'S. key or
by pressing the F4 key, for END. If the transmitter is configured as a transmitter-controller you will be
prompted to choose either transmitter variables or controller variables. Controller variables include process
variable, setpoint and valve.
TREND - The TREND key is another quick access key that is pressed to trend a variable and show up to
thirteen samples. Any one of the following variables can be trended: the measured variable (MV), the
current output (I), or the process variable (PV). The trend sampling rate can be set to 1-300 seconds
between samples. Exit this screen by again pressing the TREND key or by pressing the F4 key, for END.
ZOOM - The ZOOM key is a quick access key that allows a closer examination of a variable chosen in
the Trend screen. This key functions only when a Trend screen is displayed.
ZOOM magnifies a range of values equal to 10% of the span. The midscale value is user selected.
For example, when viewing a range of 0-100% in the Trend screen, the value of 50% is chosen to zoom
on. The Trend screen now shows a range of 45-55%. Exiting the Zoom screen again displays the Trend
screen. Exit the Trend screen to return to the Main Menu.
STATUS - The STATUS key is a quick access key that is pressed to display the Status screen. This
screen will show the instrument tag name, model number, software revision number, serial number, and
functional statuses such as fixed current mode and error conditions. Exit the Status Screen by again
pressing the Status key or by pressing the F4 key.
CHANGE SP, CHANGE VALVE, A/M, and TUNE Keys - These are dedicated keys that are
reserved for use with XTC Model 340 and 344 Transmitter-Controllers. These keys are inactive when
communicating with an instrument that does not have a controller function block.
CHANGE SETPOINT - Press the CHANGE SP key to view and change the value of the online-
setpoint of the controller in either automatic or manual mode. If the controller is in MANUAL with
tracking setpoint, then the setpoint cannot be changed. The SP is displayed in the same units as the
transmitter display configured in the operator’s display function block. Press the “CHANGE SP” key
again, or F3, to exit this mode.
CHANGE VALVE - This key allows you to view and change the position of the valve. If the
controller is in AUTO, the valve cannot be changed. Press the “CHANGE VALVE” key again, or
F3, to exit this mode.
AUTO/MANUAL - The A/M key toggles the controller between automatic and manual control.
Press the “MANUAL”, key F1, or “AUTO”, key F2 to change state. Press “A/M” key again, or F4,
to exit this mode.
TUNE - This key allows tuning of the controller. The first screen displays the controller action,
DIRECT or REVERSE. The controller action may be viewed from the TUNE key, but it must be
changed in the configuration mode. Press F4 to continue.
The Proportional Gain (PG), Time Integral (TI) and Time Derivative (TD) can be changed from this
screen. Press F1, F2 or F3 to display the current value and edit the parameter. Press “CONT”, key
F4 to continue.
The Derivative Gain (DG) and Manual Reset (MR) can be changed from this screen. Press F1 or F2
to display the current value and edit the parameter. Press F4 to go to the previous screen. Press the
“TUNE” key again, or F3, to exit this mode.
ALPHANUMERIC Keys - Twelve white keys with alphanumeric characters and symbols are located
toward the center of the keypad area. Pressing a 1-9, 0, -, or . key will display that character on the
screen. These keys also have alphabetic characters and symbols that require the use of a SHIFT key.
These numbers, letters and symbols are typically used in writing a range, damping value, tagname,
message, or descriptor.
SHIFT Keys - Three shift keys are located below the alphanumeric keys. They are used to access a
letter or symbol located in the upper left, center, or right portion of an alphanumeric key. To select an
alphabetic character or upper symbol, press the proper SHIFT key (left, center, or right arrow) and then
press the desired alphanumeric or symbol key.
F1, F2, F3, and F4 - The function keys are the gray keys located just below the MXC display. The
function or action performed by each key is shown on the bottom two lines of the display, immediately
above each key. For example, when the MXC is first turned on and the Main Menu screen appears, the
following selections are aligned with the function keys: F1 - FIND
XMTR, F2 - ARCH FUNC, F3 - TEST MXC, and F4 - END. To SELECT FUNCTION
make a selection, press the corresponding Function key and the next FIND ARCH TEST
screen will appear. These keys are used extensively when XMTR FUNC MXC END
configuring or monitoring a field instrument.
The MXC is quickly connected into a transmitter loop. A 40" (1m) cable with a dual banana plug on one
end and two mini-grabber clips on the other is provided. The dual banana plug is inserted into the bottom
of the MXC. The mini-grabber clips are connected to the Model 344's signal terminals or to the loop's
current sense resistor, usually at a receiving instrument such as a Model 352 Single -Loop Digital Controller
(see notes below). This is a non-polar connection. The MXC can now communicate with the transmitter
from the control room or a field location. The diagram below shows a basic loop with the MXC connected
at various locations.
NOTE
IMPORTANT
Current Sense
Resistor, 250 to
1100 Ohms MXC MXC MXC
Controller,
Recorder, +
Indicator,
or other _
Device
Signal Test
_ _
+ +
2.4 POWER
Six "AA" alkaline batteries are supplied with the MXC. Remove Battery
the rear cover to access the battery compartment, as shown in the Access
Cover
figure. Typical operating time of the MXC with new batteries and
+
the back light off is approximately 80 hours; with new batteries and
the back light on, approximately 30 hours. +
Batteries
+
A Low Battery indicator (LB) is displayed in the lower right corner +
of the LCD when about one-half of the battery charge is spent. + Captive
Fresh batteries should then be available for installation. Screw
+
NOTE
The MXC will automatically conserve battery life when in the configuration mode. After approximately
ten minutes with no keys on the keypad being pressed, the MXC will shut itself off. This will not occur
while the MXC is monitoring variables from a field instrument.
1. Press and hold the MXC's ON key until the MOORE logo appears on the display.
2. Watch the MXC display. The MXC's software version will be momentarily displayed.
Major MXC menu screens are shown in Figure 2-2. The screen's name appears in the left column.
These screens are shown in block form in Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 is a Parameter Map which shows general configuration and calibration flow. Detailed
configuration procedures are given in Section 5 of this Manual. Calibration is described in Section 6.
Main Menu
SELECT FUNCTION
On-Line Menu
Dev ID: 210300003C
Tag: TTC-101 ADD: 00
LOOP CAL/ CON -
END
OVRD TEST FIG
EDIT EDIT
ARCH CONF END
Calibrate/Test Menu
CALIBRATE / TEST
4 MA 20 MA OTHR END
TEST TEST
MXC SCRN ABORT 4mA ENTER END ABORT
ON-LINE
MENU
END
LOOP PRO-
20mA ENTER END
OVRD CEED
END QUIT
ANA-
LOG
SHORT ENTER
ADDR OTHER END
mA
ON-LINE
CONFIG- DOWN DOWN ABORT
URATION LOAD LOAD
MENU
NOTE:
EDIT ENTER
CONF CONT END
This Map is intended to show ARCH ARCH#
general configuration and
calibration flow. Every key
and screen is not shown.
EDIT
ABORT QUIT
ARCH
EDIT CONT
QUIT
CONF
CONT
FUNCTION BLOCK CONFIGURATION
MENU COMPLETE MENU
END
NOT OUTPUT
REVIEW
EXIST
OPERATOR DISPLAY
EDIT
DOWN DOWN
ARCH
TRANSMITTER ID LOAD LOAD
RE- SELECT
END
START TYPE
END ALARM
QUIT ABORT
X02882S1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER SP TRACK & HOLD
A/M TRANSFER
CONTROLLER
Before operating a Model 344 on-line, the instrument should be commissioned using the MXC and set-up
either at the bench or in the field. Commissioning consists of checking that the transmitter and the loop
are operational and that all configuration information is correct. This section contains step-by-step
procedures describing commissioning of the transmitter. For an in-depth discussion of transmitter
configuration, refer to Section 5.1 On-Line Operation.
A Model 344 can be commissioned either before or after installation into the loop. Commissioning on the
bench before installation is suggested. A complete transmitter functional test can be performed and
configuration procedures can be practiced. If commissioning after installation, install the transmitter as
described in Section 4 and then return to this section. Configuration data for the transmitter will be
needed.
To commission the transmitter on the bench, make the connections shown in Figure 3-1. To commission
the transmitter in the field, make the connections shown in Figure 3-2 or those shown in Section 4.3.3,
Figure 4-1, 4-2, or 4-3. Connect the MXC in the loop either across the current sense resistor or, often
more conveniently, across the two signal terminals of the Model 344 (non-hazardous area only).
Voltage Range: 10-40 Vdc to measure power supply and loop voltage
Current Sense Resistor 250 to 1100Ω to support HART digital communications
Configuration Device Moore XTC Communicator (MXC)
User Configuration Configuration data for transmitter under test
NOTE
MXC
250
_ +
Bench Power Digital
Supply (DC) _ Milliammeter
+ Signal Test
_ _
+ +
Model 344
Terminals
X02807S1
Resistance
Decade
Box
Circuit MXC
Junction
Controller, +
Recorder, + Digital
_ Milliammeter
Indicator, or 250
other 1-5 Vdc _
Device
_
System
Power
Supply Signal Test
+ _ + _
+
X02808S1
Model 344
Terminals
Sensor
Wires
NOTE
XMTR ID: 210100044F To view each of the live transmitters, press the
TAG: MPCO 340 ADD: 01
LAST XMTR and NEXT XMTR keys to scroll
LAST NEXT SEL-
forward and backward. Each screen will show the
XMTR XMTR END ECT
transmitter ID number (i.e. device ID or long
address in hexadecimal), tagname, and short address.
Check IDs against user documentation to confirm
that all transmitters are present
TEST TEST 2. Press TEST MXC (F3) to display the MXC Self
KEYS SCRN END
Test screen.
3.3.3 Loop Testing Testing the loop involves making sure that the
Transmitter is sending out the proper current signal and
that the other elements in the loop are receiving this
signal. The Loop Override mode is used to test the loop.
LOOP OVERRIDE SETS
TRANSMITTER OUTPUT 1. At the On-Line Menu, press LOOP OVRD. The
TO ENTER- adjacent screen will be displayed. Press CONT and
ED VALUE END CONT
then PROCEED.
NOTE
SENSOR INPUT
Input Type
Measured Variable Units
Range Lo & Hi
Damping
Burnout Direction
OPERATOR DISPLAY
Process Variable Units
Range Lo & Hi
Auto Rerange
Local Display Code
TRANSMITTER ID
Tag
Descriptor
Message
Date
Device Serial Number
Short Address
OUTPUT
Failsafe Level
ALARM
Alarm 1 Enable/Disable
Alarm 1 SP
Alarm 1 Type
Alarm 2 Enable/Disable
Alarm 2 SP
Alarm 2 Type
Self Clearing NaKS
Alarms Out of Service
A/M TRANSFER
Power-Up Mode
Automatic Only
Power-Up Valve
CONTROLLER BLOCK
Controller ON/OFF
Controller Type
Action
Prop. Gain
Time-Integral
Time-Derivative
Derivative Gain
Manual Reset
Manual Reset Track
3.5 CHECKING TRANSMITTER At this point, check to be sure that the transmitter is
OUTPUT reading the proper sensor input in the proper units.
4.0 INSTALLATION
This Section describes installation of a Model 344 Temperature Transmitter. Topics include: receipt of
shipment, installation considerations, and mechanical and electrical installation.
IMPORTANT
The installation must conform to the National Electrical Code and all
other applicable construction and electrical codes.
Prior to shipment, a Transmitter is fully tested and inspected to ensure proper operation. It is then
packaged for shipment. Most accessories are shipped separately.
Each carton should be inspected at the time of delivery for possible external damage. Any visible damage
should be immediately recorded on the carrier's copy of the delivery slip.
Each carton should be carefully unpacked and its contents checked against the enclosed packing list. At
the same time, each item should be inspected for any hidden damage that may or may not have been
accompanied by exterior carton damage.
If it is found that some items have been damaged or are missing, notify Moore Products Co. immediately
and provide full details. In addition, damages must be reported to the carrier with a request for their on-
site inspection of the damaged item and its shipping carton.
4.1.3 Storage
If a Transmitter is to be stored for a period prior to installation, review the environmental specifications in
Section 8.3.5.
Many industrial processes create severe environmental conditions. The conditions at each transmitter
location must be within the specifications stated in Section 8.3.5.
The Transmitter is designed to perform in harsh conditions, however, it is prudent to locate a Transmitter
to minimize the effects of heat, vibration, shock, and electrical interference.
CAUTION
Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 outline basic considerations needed to achieve a successful mechanical/electrical
installation. The remaining sections then provide detailed pre-installation information.
4.3.1 Mechanical
• Select the sensor input: thermocouple, millivolt, RTD, or resistance. Refer to Section 8.2 for sensor
accessories.
• Determine if an optional digital meter for local monitoring of transmitter output is required. Refer to
Section 8.1 for model designation or 8.2 for accessory part numbers.
Refer to Figure 8-3 for transmitter dimensions and the figures in Section 4.4 for typical mechanical
installations. Refer to Section 8.3 for mechanical and environmental specifications.
An intrinsically safe installation requires user-supplied intrinsic safety barriers that must be installed in
accordance with barrier manufacturer's instructions for the specific barriers used.
Transmitter certification is based on the "Entity" concept in which the user selects barriers that permit
the system to meet the entity parameters.
4.3.2 Electrical
Ÿ Determine Transmitter operating mode (analog or digital) and type of Network needed; refer to
Section 4.3.3.
Ÿ Select twinaxial cable type and determine maximum cable length. Refer to Section 4.3.5.
Ÿ Consider the effect of connecting additional equipment (e.g., recorder, loop powered display) to the
network. Refer to Section 4.3.8.
A Transmitter will output either an analog current or an equivalent digital signal, depending upon the
selected operating mode. The operating mode also determines the type of Network (Point-To-Point or
Multi-Drop) to be installed, as shown in Table 4.1 and the following subsections. Select the operating
mode during Transmitter configuration as described in the following subsections and Section 5.
Ÿ The Transmitter outputs a 4-20 mA signal for input to devices such as controllers and recorders.
Ÿ Use the optional Digital Meter for local indication of transmitter output.
Ÿ The Transmitter is factory configured for analog mode unless otherwise ordered.
Ÿ Use an MXC for configuration, diagnostics, and reporting the current process variable.
Ÿ The process variable is transmitted digitally. The analog output of each transmitter is "parked" at 4
mA.
Ÿ The HART communication source can be a Primary or Secondary Master. A Primary Master can be
used for data acquisition, maintenance, or control purposes. A Secondary Master, the MXC for
example, may be used for configuration, diagnostics, and reporting current process variable.
Ÿ Use the optional Digital Meter for local indication of transmitter output.
Ÿ Place the transmitter in the digital mode by assigning it a SHORT ADDRESS from 1 to 15 when
configuring the TRANSMITTER ID BLOCK with the MXC (see Section 5).
See Note 4
Model 344
Terminals
See
Note 3
MXC 250 Non-Hazardous Hazardous
See Location Location
See Note 6
Note 2
Controller, +
Recorder, or See Note 5
Other 1-5 Vdc
_
Device; Note 1
Signal Test
System Power +
Supply _ Supply and + _ + _
Return Barriers
Shown Above
See Note 4
Notes:
1. The System Power Supply is shown separate from the host input device. In practice, it may be part
of the host input device. The host input device can be either a HART or non-HART signaling device,
a Primary Master or a Secondary Master.
2. Network resistance equals the sum of the barrier resistances and the current sense resistor.
Minimum value 250 Ohms; maximum value 1100 Ohms.
3. Connect the MXC (a Secondary Master) to the loop only in the non-hazardous location. The MXC
is a non-polar device.
4. Interconnect all cable shields and ground only at the power source.
See
Note 2
MXC Non-Hazardous Hazardous
250
See Location Location
See Note 6
Note 1
Model 352 A4
Rear See Note 5
Terminals
See Note 4 A5
Signal Test
B5 _ _
+ +
Supply and
AG Return Barriers
Shown Above
See Note 3
Model 344
Notes:
Terminals
1. Network resistance equals the sum of the barrier resistances and
the current sense resistor. Minimum value 250 Ohms; maximum value 1100 Ohms.
2. Connect the M XC (a Secondary Master) to the loop only in the non-hazardous location.
The MXC is a non-polar device.
3. Interconnect all cable shields and ground only at the power source.
FIGURE 4-2 Model 352 SLDC and Model 344 Connections (Analog Mode)
See
Note 4
MXC Non-Hazardous Hazardous
250
See Location Location
Note 2
Network +
Primary
Master,
See Note 1 _
System Power +
Supply _ Supply and
Return Barriers
Shown Above
See Note 5
Notes:
1. The System Power Supply is shown separate from the host input device. In practice, it may be part
of the host input device. The host input device can either be a HART or non-HART signaling device,
a Primary Master or Secondary Master.
2. Network resistance equals the sum of the barrier resistances and the current sense resistor.
Minimum value 250 Ohms; maximum value 1100 Ohms.
3. A maximum of 15 transmitters may be connected. All must be configured for digital mode.
4. Connect the MXC (a Secondary Master) to the loop only in the non-hazardous location. The MXC is
a non-polar device.
5. Interconnect all cable shields and ground only at the power source.
6. For access to Model 344 terminals, remove enclosure end cap. X02868S1
A power supply is needed to power the Transmitter(s). The power supply can be:
Ÿ Located in a controller (such as a Primary Master) or other station able to safely provide additional
operating current and meet the power supply specifications of Section 8.3.2.
Determine needed power supply output voltage by calculating the Network Resistance and consulting
Figure 4-4. It shows the minimum power supply voltage needed for the calculated Network Resistance.
The total Network Resistance is the sum of the Current Sense Resistance, end-to-end Barrier Resistance
(if used), wire resistance, and any other resistances in the loop. The minimum Network Resistance (see
Glossary) required to support HART communications is 250Ω. The maximum resistance is 1100Ω.
1650
Network Resistance (OHMS)
1200
1100
1000
800
600
500
OPERATING
REGION
250
0
0 10V 12V 17V 20V 24V 30V 34V 40V 42V 45V
X02817S1
Minimum Power Supply Voltage (VDC)
Figure 4-4 defines an analog mode Transmitter's operating region for the allowable ranges of supply
voltage and network resistance. Perform the following simple calculations to ensure that the power supply
output voltage permits the Transmitter to remain within the indicated operating range.
The minimum network power supply voltage requirement is a function of Network Resistance and full
scale current (22.5 mA), and is calculated by the following formula:
Minimum Power Supply Output Voltage = 12 volts + (0.0225 x Network Resistance in ohms)
Power supply output voltage must be greater than the calculated value. The minimum voltage across
the input terminals of a Transmitter is 12 volts.
The maximum network power supply voltage is a function of Network Resistance and zero scale
current (3.85 mA), and is calculated by the following formula:
Maximum Power Supply Output Voltage = 42 volts + (0.00385 x Network Resistance in ohms)
Power supply output voltage must be less than the calculated value. The maximum voltage across the
input terminals of a Transmitter should never exceed 42 volts.
Perform the following simple calculations to ensure that the power supply output voltage permits the
Transmitter to remain within its operating range.
Minimum network power supply voltage is a function of Network Resistance and the total current
draw of all transmitters in the Network, and is calculated by the following formula:
Minimum Supply Output Voltage = 12 volts + [(0.004 x number of transmitters on Network) x (Network Resistance)]
Power supply output voltage must be greater than the calculated value. The minimum voltage across
the input terminals of a Transmitter is 12 volts.
Maximum network power supply voltage is a function of Network Resistance and total current draw
of all the transmitters in the Network, and is calculated by the following formula:
Maximum Supply Output Voltage = 42 volts + [(0.004 x number of transmitters on Network) x (Network Resistance)]
Power supply output voltage must be less than the calculated value. The maximum voltage across the
input terminals of a Transmitter should never exceed 42 volts.
The maximum number of Transmitters that can be connected to a Multi-Drop Network is fifteen. Each
Transmitter is "parked" in a low current draw mode (4 mA) to conserve power. Ensure that the network
power supply is capable of sourcing the total current consumed by the number of transmitters on the
Network.
Cable type, conductor size, and recommended cable model numbers are stated in Section 8.3.3 Two-Wire
Cable.
Cable capacitance is a parameter used in the calculation of the maximum length of cable that can be used
to construct the Network. The lower the cable capacitance the longer the Network can be.
Manufacturers typically list two capacitance values for an instrumentation cable:
2. Capacitance between one conductor and the other conductor(s) connected to shield. This
capacitance is the worst case value and is to be used in the cable length formula.
The maximum permissible single -pair cable length is 10,000 feet (3000 meters) or less as determined by
the following formula:
65,000,000 Cf + 10,000
L= -
RxC C
Formula Definitions:
L: The maximum total length of cable permitted to construct the Network. L = Feet when C is in
pF/ft. L = meters when C is in pF/meter.
R: The Network Resistance which is the ohmic sum of the Current Sense Resistance and Barrier
Resistance (both Return and Supply), if any, in the Network and the resistance of the wire.
C: Cable capacitance per unit length between one conductor and the other conductor connected to
the shield. C may be in pF/ft or pF/meter.
Cf: Total input terminal capacitance of Field Instruments; the Primary Master is excluded. Cf is
given by the following formula:
Example Calculation:
Assume a Network consists of a 344 and a Field Instrument (Cn = 1 and Cn = 6).
A Network Junction is shown in Figure 4-1. It is a wiring junction installed at a convenient point in the
loop to facilitate wiring, testing, and troubleshooting. Typically the Junction is a conventional terminal block
mounted on a panel with a protective cover, cabinet, or junction box to enclose and protect wiring
terminals.
Multiple Junctions can be installed to provide field access terminals for the connection of an MXC.
Ÿ Network with Barriers - Locate a Junction anywhere along the Network in the non-hazardous area
between a barrier and the Current Sense Resistor.
Ÿ Network without Barriers - A Junction may be located anywhere along the Network between the
Current Sense Resistor and Transmitter.
Ÿ A Junction should be a simple electrical series connection containing NO repeaters or other devices
(active or passive) that can degrade HART communications.
Ÿ Locate intrinsic safety barriers between the system power supply (e.g., Primary Master, if used)
residing in the non-hazardous area and the transmitter(s) in the hazardous area.
Ÿ For an intrinsically safe application, the DC voltage applied to the safe side of the barrier must be 0.6
Vdc less than the rated barrier working voltage.
Ÿ An Active Supply Barrier must be operated within its specified input working voltage.
Ÿ Barrier shunt impedance to ground shall not be less than 5000Ω for the HART range of frequencies
(500 Hz to 2500 Hz).
Ÿ Barrier end-to-end resistance, stated by the manufacturer, is used in calculating the maximum
Network cable length and minimum and maximum network voltages.
Ÿ The barrier shall be installed and wired in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
Miscellaneous non-signaling hardware (e.g., recorders, current meters) may be connected to a Point-To-
Point Network in accordance with the following list.
IMPORTANT
Ÿ Miscellaneous hardware may be series or parallel connected to the Network according to its function.
Ÿ Miscellaneous hardware may not generate any type of noise or signals, other than noise that is
inherent in resistive components.
Ÿ The maximum number of miscellaneous devices per Network is 16. The combined electrical
characteristics may not exceed the following:
If the Transmitter is mounted remotely from the sensor, the wire characteristics of the extension cable
between the sensor and Transmitter will be different for thermocouple inputs than for RTD, ohm, or
millivolt type inputs.
1) Select extension grade or thermocouple grade wire of the same calibration as the thermocouple:
calibrations are T, J, E, K, R, S, N, B.
• EXTENSION GRADE: Noble and refractory thermocouple extension grade wire is made
from inexpensive proprietary alloys that simulate the thermoelectric behavior of the actual
thermocouple element over a limited range of temperatures.
Base metal (T, J, K, E) thermocouple extension grade wire is made from the same materials
as thermocouple wire; however, its use is restricted to a lower range of temperatures.
For extension grade wire, the ambient temperature at the thermocouple head connection point
may not exceed the temperature limits of the extension wire.
2) Cable Recommendation: FEP insulated and jacketed, twisted and shielded. Wire size
should be 16 to 20 AWG.
The Transmitter will compensate for the effect of lead wire resistance for 3 and 4-wire RTD's and for
an Ohm (potentiometer) sensor when a 3-wire input connection is used. Input connections may be
made with copper wire.
1) Cable Recommendation for RTD: Multi-conductor high temperature cable, overall braid shield
with three copper TFE insulated conductors and TFE wrapped jacket. Wire size
should be 24 to 16 (AWG).
The use of a 2-wire RTD requires a careful analysis of the effects of extension lead wire resistance that
can cause an error in temperature measurement.
A 2-wire RTD may be used when the resistance of the run of lead wire may be considered as an additive
"constant temperature error" and the changes in lead resistance due to ambient temperature changes may
be ignored.
The RTD sensor element is approximately one inch in length. The platinum wire at each end of the RTD
is terminated in insulated copper lead wire. The lead wire extends beyond the sensor probe's protective
metal sheath to a distance specified by the user. The lead wires are terminated in the Transmitter's
terminal compartment when the probe assembly is mounted to the Transmitter. On a remote mounted
Transmitter, the lead wires are terminated in the probe's connection head and extended by a second set of
wires to the Transmitter.
The extension lead wire resistance is the sum of the resistances of both copper wires connecting the RTD
element to the Transmitter.
Extension lead wire resistances will add to the resistance of the RTD causing a permanent somewhat
higher temperature reading than actually exists at the RTD location. For example, if a 1 degree offset
error is acceptable, then the maximum #24 AWG extension lead wire length permissible would be
calculated for a 100 Ohm RTD (DIN Curve) as follows:
0.39 ohms
L= = 14.8 feet or 7.4 feet for each lead.
0.0262 ohms per foot
A 0.3° offset error is caused by an extension lead wire (#24) length of 2.23 feet.
As the calculations indicate, extension lead wire added to a 2-wire RTD can cause serious offset error. A
2-wire RTD should not be used without determining that the results are acceptable.
The effects of lead wire resistance are compensated for by the Transmitter when 3 and 4-wire RTDs are
used.
The preferred method of grounding the loop cable shield is illustrated in Figures 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3.
The following guidelines represent proven grounding practices that will reduce magnetically coupled
interference:
a) The cable shield should remain open (not connected) at the Field Instrument (Transmitter).
b) The shields of both cables at a Network Junction should be spliced. Alternatively, connect both
to a terminal in the Box or Panel, provided that the terminal is isolated from ground.
Ÿ Point-To-Point Network
a) The cable shield may be grounded at the Ground Connection in the signal terminal compartment
of the transmitter's electronic housing. It is recommended that a separate ground wire be run
from this Ground Connection to building ground to ensure a dependable ground.
The power supply (+) and (-) connections must be floated and the shields at Network Junctions
must be connected as discussed above.
b) The cable shield(s) may be grounded at a Network Junction Box or Wiring Panel provided that
the cable shields are connected to either a terminal or the Box or Panel frame, and the terminal
or frame is grounded.
The power supply (+) and (-) connections must be floated and the cable shield at the transmitter
must not be connected.
Ÿ Multi-Drop Network
If the Primary Master's power supply output is isolated from ground, the Network may be floated.
The cable shield should be connected only to one point: the Primary Master's negative supply output.
Ÿ Sensor Cable
a) Shielded sensor cable should be used (remote mounted sensor) to minimize the effects of electric
noise. The sensor wires should be twisted to minimize magnetic induced noise.
d) Do not connect the cable shield to ground at the Transmitter's terminal compartment if the cable
shield is grounded at the sensor assembly.
This section describes the mechanical installation of a Transmitter and the installation of electrical conduit
for wiring. Transmitter dimensions are given in Figure 8-3.
A Transmitter can be mounted to a vertical or horizontal 2-inch pipe using the supplied mounting bracket.
1) Refer to Figure 4-5 and align four mounting holes in the base of the enclosure with the four 0.281-
inch diameter holes in the Bracket. Note that the transmitter can be mounted to the Bracket in
four possible positions (90° apart) to the Bracket.
2) Using supplied 1/4-20 x 1/2 bolts, mount the transmitter to the bracket.
5.90
(149.9)
4.44
3.80(96.5)
(112.8)
4.04(102.6)
.034(8.6)
Diameter
2.81
(71.4)
0.72(18.3)
2.81 0.61(15.5)
(71.4)
Dimensions in Inches(millimeters)
Mount Transmitter to
bracket with
1/4-20 bolts
and lockwashers,
quantity 4 X02821S1
Pipe Mounting
Horizontal
4.82(122.4)
5.06(128.5)
Vertical
OR
4.30
(109.2)
Wall Mounting
X02822S0
1) At the selected location on the pipe, place the pipe-groove side of the mounting bracket against the
pipe. See Figure 4-6.
2) Slip the supplied U-bolt around the pipe and through one of the two pairs of mounting holes in the
pipe-groove face plate of the bracket.
3) Place a supplied washer and hex nut on each end of the U-bolt and hand tighten the nuts. Rotate
the bracket around the pipe to place the Transmitter in the desired position, then secure the
bracket to the pipe.
3. Reposition the Transmitter's local display (if any) to provide the best possible view of the display.
Refer to Section 4.4.4.
A Transmitter can be mounted to a flat surface using the supplied mounting bracket and user supplied
5/16-inch bolts.
Refer to Figures 4-5 and 4-6 and the following for mounting guidance:
2) Layout the mounting hole pattern on the selected area of the surface. Drill 0.344-inch diameter
mounting holes to accept 5/16-inch bolts.
The thickness of the mounting surface and bracket height above the surface are factors in
determining the required length of the mounting bolts.
3) Place the pipe-groove side of the bracket against the mounting surface site and align the bracket
and surface mounting holes. Install the bracket with user supplied 5/16-inch bolts, washers, and
hex nuts.
2) Reposition the Transmitter's local display (if any) to provide the best possible view of the display.
Refer to Section 4.4.4.
The Transmitter can be mounted directly to the point of measurement and supported by the thermowell,
extension fittings, and probe assembly.
IMPORTANT
Refer to Figures 4-7 and 4-8 and the following for mounting guidance:
1. Unscrew the thermowell from the Sensor Assembly. Refer to the thermowell manufacturer's
installation literature and install the thermowell at the measurement point.
2. Screw onto the thermowell the extension nipple and union (if any).
3. If required, install insulation around the surface area of the measurement point to limit the effects of
heat radiating from the chamber, vessel, or pipe containing the process material.
4. Insert the probe assembly through the extension nipple (if present) and seat into the thermowell.
Screw the probe nipple into the union (if present) or into the thermowell.
5. If it is desired to have terminal compartment access from the same direction as the Sensor Assembly,
then screw an elbow-plus close nipple-plus coupling onto the probe nipple. See Figure 4-7.
6. Select one of the two conduit inlets and route the sensor leads extending from the probe into the
terminal compartment of the transmitter. Do not connect the wires.
7. Screw the transmitter onto the threads of the probe's nipple or elbow fitting (if used).
8. Refer to Section 4.5 to connect the sensor wires to the appropriate terminals.
Wall of Pipe
or Process Thermowell
Vessel Hex
Union Sensor
Hex
Conduit for
2-Wire Loop
Thermowell Wiring
Extension
Nipple
Model 344
Transmitter
Insulation
(If Required)
Wall of Pipe
or Process
Vessel Sensor
X02818S0
Thermowell Hex
Hex
Close
Nipple
Union Coupling
Elbow
Thermowell
Model 344
Transmitter
Extension
Nipple
Insulation
(If Required) Terminal
Compartment
Side
Conduit
Conduit
for
Elbow Wiring
Drain Seal
Thermowell
Sensor Probe
Sheath
RTD or
Extension
Thermocouple
Assembly
Sensor
Element
1/2 NPT Nipple
(Screws into Thermowell
Transmitter Hex
Conduit Inlet)
Extension
Nipple
Sensor Element 1/2 NPT
Extension Wires Thread
Union
Probe Hex
Probe
Junction
See Notes
Sensor
Probe
Sheath:
Stainless Steel
or Inconel
X02828S0
Notes:
2. An RTD probe is a closed end tube only. RTD sensors are not grounded.
Three procedures are provided in this section. Refer to Figures 4-9 and 4-10 as necessary.
IMPORTANT
• Two procedures describe repositioning of an installed meter: A is for rotating the meter 180°, and B is
for rotating the meter 90° clockwise or counterclockwise (actually ±78°).
• To remove a meter, perform procedure A, steps 1-5 and 9.
• To install a meter perform procedure C.
1. Turn off power to transmitter and remove enclosure cap to access Digital Display.
2. Snap wrist strap on wrist and connect ground clip to an unpainted area on the Transmitter or
mounting bracket.
3. Locate a short ribbon cable that connects the Electronics Module to the Digital Meter assembly, at
connector J1 typically. Disconnect the connector at the Digital Meter assembly and the slide
cable from cable slot.
4. Loosen (do not remove) upper right and lower left assembly retaining screws.
5. Gently rotate assembly counterclockwise to position upper right retaining screw in large hole in
keyhole and carefully lift assembly clear of screw, then slide it clear of lower left retaining screw.
6. Rotate the assembly 180°, place under the retaining screws, rotate assembly clockwise, and
tighten screws.
7. Position ribbon cable in closest cable slot and connect cable to connector J3.
2. Remove the upper right 3.25-inch hex stand-off. Install the stand-off in the upper left mounting
hole.
3. At the Electronics Module, remove the meter mounting bracket attached to the left corner of
bottom circuit board . Install bracket in right front corner of that circuit board.
o o o o
0 and 180 Digital Meter 90 and 270 Digital Meter
Mounting Harware Locations Mounting Hardware Location
Meter Orientation
Note 3
Guide Blocks
Electronics Module
Notes 1 and 5
W1, Note 4
Connector P2,
for Ribbon Cable Bracket and
Digital Meter Assembly
to Digital Meter
Mounting Screw
Notes: Note 2
1. Enclosure Cap and Digital Meter removed to show Meter mounting hardware.
5. When installing an Electronics Module, guide blocks must engage guide posts in
housing. P1 power connector on Module must engage connector on baseboard.
4. Rotate the Digital Meter assembly either CW or CCW 90° (to the 90° or 270° position), slip the
assembly under the retaining screws, and tighten both screws.
5. Position the cable in the cable slot and insert the cable connector into the closest connector (J2 or
J4).
o Meter Mounting
Factory Meter Orientation 0
Screw, qty. 2 o
Shown with Enclosure Cap Removed Meter Repositioned 180
Digital LCD Meter
Cable connectors
J1 to J4 wired
in parallel
Disconnect
Cable
Cable guide
slot (4 places)
Notes:
C. Installation
1. Turn off power to transmitter and remove the longer enclosure cap.
2. Snap wrist strap on wrist and connect ground clip to an unpainted area on the Transmitter or
mounting bracket.
3. Determine desired meter orientation and perform either procedure A or B. Note the following
when installing and positioning the short ribbon cable and when applying power to the transmitter.
NOTE
Pin 1 end of cable connector is identified by dark Red or Blue striped cable
conductor. Pin 1 of Board “J” connector is identified by the “1” printed
next to one corner of the connector.
For conduit and cable routing, refer to the user's installation drawings. Installation of conduit and cabling
should follow the guidelines given below.
4.4.5.1 Conduit
Ÿ Transmitter conduit inlets accept male conduit fittings. Refer to the Transmitter's nameplate and
Section 8.1 to determine whether conduit threads are ½-14 NPT or M20 x 1.5.
Seal ½ NPT fittings with TFE/PTFE tape; seal M20 fittings with a soft-setting sealing compound rated for
at least 105°C (221°F).
Ÿ When routing conduit, avoid areas that might subject the conduit to chemical or physical abuse or
areas with high EMI/RFI conditions.
Ÿ Long sensor cable runs should be installed in conduit between the transmitter and sensor.
Ÿ If a high humidity environment can exist and the transmitter is located at a low point in the conduit run,
install drain seals at the transmitter's conduit inlets to prevent condensation from entering the
Transmitter. See Figure 4-11.
Ÿ Remove all sharp edges or burrs from conduit that may damage wires.
Drain Seal
Plug unused
Entrance
X02824S1
Ÿ Thermocouple wire must be handled with great care when being installed in conduit. Decalibration of
the wire can result by cold-working the metal conductor, an effect that can occur when the wire is drawn
through a conduit or damaged by rough handling or vibration.
4.4.5.2 Cables
Ÿ Mark or tag each signal cable conductor as either SIGNAL (+) or SIGNAL (-) to ensure correct
connection at the Transmitter.
Ÿ Mark or tag each sensor wire to be connected to a remote mounted transmitter to indicate its specific
transmitter terminal number (1, 2, 3) connection
EXAMPLE: 3-wire RTD tag descriptors: RTD (+) #1, RTDI #2, RTD (-) #3
Thermocouple tag descriptor: TC (+) #1, TC (-) #3
Ÿ Use pulling grips and cable lubricants for easier cable pulling. Pull cable through conduit into
Transmitter terminal compartment.
Ÿ Do not exceed the maximum permitted pulling tension on the cables. Maximum tension is normally
specified as 40% of the cable's breaking strength.
Ÿ Do not exceed the maximum conduit fill specified by the National Electric Code.
Two terminal strips for signal (loop), MXC, test (milliammeter), and sensor connections are located inside
the shorter enclosure cap; see Figure 1-1. To access the terminal strips, simply unscrew the enclosure
cap protecting the terminal compartment.
This section describes loop wiring for Point-To-Point and Multi-Drop Networks. Refer also to Section 4.6
for installations in hazardous locations. Figure 4-12 shows signal and sensor termination terminal strips in
the Transmitter’s enclosure.
Ÿ Selection of either analog or digital operating mode and corresponding Point-To-Point or Multi-Drop
Network; Section 4.3.3.
Ÿ Pulling of loop and sensor cables through conduit and into terminal compartment; Section 4.4.5.
Strip loop cable and conductors. Install ring tongue or spring spade terminals for #6 screws and the
cable conductor gauge. If terminals will not be used, tin conductor ends and form a loop.
Signal (+)
Terminal
Notes:
SIGNAL TEST
Signal (-)
Terminal
Sensor Terminals for
Thermocouple, RTD,
Ohms,or mV Input X02869S1
4. Connect the loop cable to the SIGNAL (+) and (-) terminals inside the Transmitter's enclosure. Refer
to Figure 4-1, 4-2 or 4-3 for the needed connections for the type of Network. Terminals will
accommodate wire sizes up to 16 AWG. Attached to both signal terminals are lugs that facilitate the
connection of the MXC Communicator. DO NOT connect signal wires to the lugs.
IMPORTANT
The cable shield must be insulated from all terminals and the transmitter
enclosure. Refer to Section 4.3.11 for additional shielding and grounding
information.
Hook each stripped solid wire end or insert each crimp-on terminal under the appropriate terminal
screw and tighten the screw for a reliable electrical connection. Refer to figures showing the needed
connections as listed below in paragraphs 1) to 4).
1) RTD Sensor - Connect the tagged RTD leads as shown in Figure 4-13 detail A, B, or C,
depending upon type of RTD used.
2) Thermocouple Sensor - Connect the tagged thermocouple extension leads as shown in Figure 4-13
detail D. The positive and negative thermocouple leads are usually color coded.
OHMI
TC+ TC- OHM+ OHM- mV+ mV-
Note 2 Note 2 Note 2
Notes: X02825S1
2. Connect the sensor and signal cable shields and insulate from ground.
Ground shields only at the power source.
Standard ANSI color coding is used on insulated thermocouple or extension grade wire when the
insulation permits. Some insulations will use a colored tracer to indicate the lead polarity. Refer
to Table 4.2 for color code information and bare wire characteristics for identifying non-color
coded wires.
When connecting solid thermocouple extension wire, wire insulation should butt against the head
of the screw. The conductor should not be visible.
3) Ohms-to-Milliampere Conversion - connect the OHM (+), OHM (-), and OHM I leads as shown
in Figure 4-13 detail E, Ohms Input.
4) Millivolt-to-Milliampere Conversion - Connect the mV (+) and mV (-) leads as shown in Figure 4-
13 detail F, mV Input.
Inspect each connection for strands of wire that could short to an adjacent terminal, for connection to
correct terminal, and for tightness of terminal screw.
Be certain that the shield braid is insulated from all terminals and the metal terminal enclosure.
IMPORTANT
Be certain that enclosure threads are coated with an anti-seize compound and
that the cap seal (O-ring) is in place before installing a cap. A typical compound
is Never-Seez by Emhart Bostik.
7. If one of the two electrical conduit entrances in the housing is not used, it should be plugged. Refer to
the Transmitter's nameplate and Section 8.1 to determine whether entrance holes accept ½-14 NPT
or M20 x 1.5 fittings.
Seal ½ NPT fittings with TFE/PTFE tape; seal M20 fittings with a soft setting sealing compound rated for
at least 105°C (221°F).
Drawings showing Transmitter installation data for hazardous areas are located in Appendix B. Entity
parameters, barrier selection, and important wiring information are specified on these drawings. The
Appendix also contains a list of tested barriers.
Before installing a transmitter in a hazardous area, check the nameplate and Sections 8.1 and 8.3 of this
Manual for required approvals or certifications.
NOTE
EXPLOSION-PROOF INSTALLATION
If the installation is required to be explosion-proof per the National Electrical Code, refer to a current copy
of the Code and the following:
Ÿ User supplied explosion-proof conduit seals (glands) are required on transmitter housing conduit outlets
and any installed junction boxes. See Figure 4-11.
Ÿ Explosion-proof glands must provide a good seal. Apply a sealing compound around the sealing
surface if necessary.
Ÿ Sensor and power wiring conduit entries at the Transmitter must have a minimum of five threads fully
engaged.
Ÿ The enclosure cap must be installed and have a minimum of eight threads fully engaged with no
damaged threads permitted.
Ÿ Go to Section 4.5 for wiring connections to the transmitter's terminals. Refer to Appendix B for
hazardous area installation information.
On-line operation is any configuration or monitoring activity which involves direct communication with a
transmitter. When the controller function block is disabled, the local pushbuttons may be used to configure
range and damping. When the controller is enabled, the local pushbuttons may be used to display
PROCESS VARIABLE (PV), SETPOINT (SP) and VALVE (V); transfer control mode from AUTO
(A) to MANUAL (M); and change or store SET POINT and VALVE settings.
The configuration may be edited remotely using an MXC, a personal computer (PC) running XTC
Configuration Software, or another HART Primary or Secondary Master. The MXC can also be used to
monitor a transmitter’s variables and to look at a transmitter’s status.
Off-line operation is any configuration activity that occurs without direct communication with a transmitter.
This includes using the MXC to create or edit a configuration and then to store that configuration in an
MXC archive. It also includes using a personal computer and XTC Configuration Software to create or
edit, and then store, a configuration.
The first part of this section contains the steps to configure and monitor a Model 344 from an MXC. The
latter part of this section describes configuring the transmitter using the local pushbuttons.
Each transmitter is shipped with default data stored in its memory. Some of this data controls communi-
cation and transmitter operation and cannot be altered by the user. Other data determines how the
transmitter responds to changes in temperature with a change in current or digital output and is alterable
by the user. Using the MXC in the on-line mode, configurations can be uploaded from the transmitter,
edited, and saved to archive memory or downloaded to the Model 344. The following sections describe
configuration in more detail.
The following sections are in a two column format. Step-by-step procedures are in the right column. The
left column contains relevant MXC screens.
NOTE
. NOTE
Most configuration screens show the option of
ending configuration and going to this screen.
These choices are discussed in Section 5.1.1.9.
SELECT BLOCK TO EDIT 6. Choose the function block to be configured. Press either
- SENSOR INPUT - PREV (F1) or NEXT (F2) to scroll through the function
SEL- blocks.
PREV NEXT END ECT
NOTE
5.1.1.1 Sensor Input Block The following parameters can be changed: INPUT TYPE,
MEASURED VARIABLE (MV) UNITS, RANGE,
DAMPING, and BURNOUT DIRECTION.
INPUT TYPE: T/C
J THERMOCOUPLE
1. Press SEL (F4) at the Sensor Input Block to display the Input
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ Type.
OPTN OPTN END CONT
2. Press LAST OPTN (F1) or NEXT OPTN (F2) to scroll
MEASURED VARIBLE through the Input Options: T/C, OHM, mV, RTD.
UNITS: deg F
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ 3. Press SEL/CONT (F4) to select the current parameter, and
OPTN OPTN END CONT continue to the next Input Type configuration parameter.
MV LO : 0.0000 1) Press EDIT (F1) to display the screen for entering the
ENTER MV LO: Lower Range Value (LRV).
EN-
< QUIT TER
2) Type the desired value at the blinking cursor.
Method
3) Press either ENTER (F4) to select the value or QUIT
MV HI : 100.00
ENTER MV HI: (F3) to exit this selection without saving.
EN-
< QUIT TER 4) The next screen displays the transmitter's Upper Range
Value (URV) which is set as described above.
NOTE
DAMPING : 1.0000 SEC To conserve battery power, the MXC should not
be left in the Sensor Input mode.
SEL/ SEL/
EDIT END CONT 9. At the Range screen, press SEL/CONT to display the
Damping screen and current damping value.
BURNOUT DIRECTION: 10. At the Burnout Direction screen press either LAST OPTN
UPSCALE or NEXT OPTN to choose UPSCALE or DOWNSCALE.
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/
OPTN OPTN END CONT When the desired function is chosen, press SEL/END to
return to the Function Block Menu.
5.1.1.2 Operator Display Block The Operator Display block has the following parameters:
PROCESS VARIABLE UNITS, RANGE, AUTO RERANGE,
SELECT BLOCK TO EDIT
- OPERATOR DISPLAY -
and LOCAL DISPLAY CODE.
SEL-
PREV NEXT END ECT 1. Press SELECT to edit process variable units.
AUTO RERANGE: 4. Set Auto Rerange to enable or disable using the LAST
DISABLE OPTN and NEXT OPTN keys.
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/
OPTN OPTN END CONT Press SEL/CONT to continue. Pressing SEL/END will end
configuration of this block.
LOCAL DISPLAY CODE: 5. Scroll through the Local Display Code using the LAST
PROCESS VARIABLE OPTN and NEXT OPTN keys to view the following three
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ choices: MEASURED VARIABLE, PERCENT, or
OPTN OPTN END CONT PROCESS VARIABLE. Display the desired selection.
SELECT BLOCK TO EDIT 1. Press the NEXT key to display the Transmitter ID Block and
- TRANSMITTER ID - then press SELECT to display the Tag screen.
SEL-
PREV NEXT END ECT 2. If desired, enter or edit the transmitter tagname by typing an
alphanumeric sequence. The blinking cursor shows where a
TAG: TC-101 character will be placed. Use the arrow keys < and > to
move the cursor to any position in the tagname.
SEL/ SEL/
< > END CONT Press SEL/CONT to continue. Pressing SEL/END will end
configuration of the transmitter ID Block.
DATE (DD/MM/YY): 4. At the Date screen, enter or edit the date using the < and >
28/02/95 keys to move the cursor to any position in the date field.
SEL/ SEL/
< > END CONT
NOTE
NOTE
SHORT ADDRESS 00
Only numbers may be used in the serial number
field.
SEL/ SEL/
EDIT END CONT Press SEL/CONT to display the Short Address screen.
Pressing SEL/END will end configuration of the transmitter
ID Block.
SHORT ADDRESS 00
ENTER ADDRESS 6. Enter or edit the transmitter short address using the EDIT,
EN- QUIT, and ENTER keys as described below.
< QUIT TER
EDIT - display the Short Address edit screen. Use the < key
to edit by erasing one character in the address at a time,
starting with the last character. Type the new short address
on the keypad.
5.1.1.4 Output Block 1. At the Function Block Menu, press NEXT to configure the
Output block and display the Failsafe Level screen.
FAILSAFE LEVEL :
LOW
2. Edit or change this value by scrolling through the selections
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/
using the LAST OPTN and NEXT OPTN keys.
OPTN OPTN END CONT
5.1.1.7 A/M Transfer Block The A/M Transfer may be configured to power-up in Automatic
or Manual. From the A/M Transfer Menu choose SELECT (F4)
POWER-UP MODE:
AUTOMATIC for the POWER-UP MODE screen.
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/
OPTN OPTN END CONT 1. Press NEXT OPTN (F2) to choose between AUTOMATIC
AND MANUAL. Press SEL/CONT (F4) for the
AUTOMATIC MODE ONLY screen.
AUTOMATIC MODE ONLY:
NO 2. Press NEXT OPTN (F2) to choose YES or NO. When
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ YES is selected the function block will always remain in the
OPTN OPTN END CONT
AUTO position. Press SEL/CONT (F4) for the POWER-
UP VALVE screen.
POWER-UP VALVE:
3. Press EDIT (F1) to edit the Power-Up Valve setting. Press
0.000% ENTER (F4) to change the setting, press QUIT (F3) to exit
SEL/ SEL/ without changing the setting. Press SEL/CONT (F4) to
EDIT END CONT return to the Function Block menu.
5.1.1.8 Controller Block The controller function block provides an extensive range of
Proportional-Integral-Derivative functions including PID, PD and
ID. For more detailed descriptions of these controller functions
refer to the appendix.
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ 4. At the CONTROLLER TYPE screen use LAST OPTN
OPTN OPTN END CONT (F1) and NEXT OPTN (F2) to scroll through the PID, PD,
ID options. Press SEL/CONT (F4) for the controller
ACTION screen.
ACTION: REVERSE
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/ 5. Press NEXT OPTN (F2) to select either a DIRECT or
OPTN OPTN END CONT REVERSE acting controller. Press SEL/CONT (F4) to
continue to the Proportional Gain, Time-Integral, Time
PROPORTIONAL GAIN:
Derivative, Derivative Gain, and Manual Reset blocks.
1.0000
SEL/ 6. Press EDIT (F1) to edit a parameter. Press ENTER (F4) to
SEL/
EDIT END CONT change a parameter or QUIT (F3) to exit without changing
the parameter.
MANUAL RESET TRACK: 7. Press SEL/CONT (F4) for the MANUAL RESET TRACK
NO
screen. Press NEXT OPTN (F2) to select YES or NO.
LAST NEXT SEL/ SEL/
OPTN OPTN END CONT
8. Press SEL/CONT (F4) to return to the Function Block
Menu. This completes configuration.
5.1.2 Downloading A After all configuration information has been edited at the MXC,
Configuration download the configuration to the transmitter. A download can
be performed in configuration mode at any time by pressing a
series of END and SEL/END keys until a DOWNLOAD key is
NO CONFIGURATION visible on the screen.
CHANGES MADE.
DOWNLOAD ABORTED. 1. Press DOWNLOAD to send the configuration to the
CONT transmitter.
DOWNLOADING
2. From the above Warning screen, press one of the following
CONFIGURATION two keys:
- PLEASE WAIT - DOWNLOAD - start a download. The MXC will show the
Download Wait screen and then the Download Complete
screen. The new configuration is now stored in the
transmitter.
DOWNLOAD
COMPLETE ABORT - return to the previous screen.
5.1.3 Local Transmitter The Model 344 has two local pushbuttons labeled FS (Fullscale)
Operation and Z (Zero) located on the housing. These are used to set
range and damping when the controller block is configured
“OFF”. This is detailed in the following sections.
5.1.3.1 Display Functions The numerals displayed on the Digital Meter represent the value
of the PROCESS VARIABLE (PV) when the “PV”
annunciator is lit; see Figure 5-1. The units associated with PV
are chosen during transmitter configuration of the OPERATOR
DISPLAY BLOCK. Refer to section 5.1.1.2. There are three
OUTPUT DISPLAY CODE choices listed in Table 5.1 that
describe what information is displayed and how it will be
annunciated.
PB Alarm Display
Status Status Code
PV PB AL % ENG
Displayed
Variable SP
Indicator
V
A M
Auto/Manual Displayed
Status Variable
5.1.3.2 Local Pushbutton Input The low and high process temperatures selected as the 0%
Ranging (Controller OFF) and 100% span points may be applied to the transmitter and
stored in the EEPROM using the ZERO/FULLSCALE
pushbuttons. This procedure assumes the transmitter is field
mounted to an operating process. If the transmitter does not
contain an optional Digital Meter to report the process
variable, other instrumentation on the Network must be
available to provide this information.
NOTE
5.1.3.3 Local Pushbutton Adjusting the damping changes the value of the digital filter’s
Damping Adjustment (Controller time constant. An installed Digital Meter is recommended
OFF) for this procedure so that the damping values may be
monitored.
IMPORTANT
D. Change VALVE
5.1.4 Quick Access Key MXC Quick Access keys are used to view transmitter
Operation parameters while the MXC is on-line and communicating with a
transmitter (refer to Section 2). Eight Quick Access keys are
used with the Model 344: TRANS. VAR'S., TREND, ZOOM,
and STATUS, are available with the controller ON or OFF.
CHANGE SP, CHANGE VALVE, A/M and TUNE are only
available when the controller is ON. Press a key to access live
transmitter data.
NOTE
TREND WHICH VAR? TREND - displays the adjacent screen to select the variable
MEASURED VARIABLE to be trended.
SEL-
PREV NEXT END ECT 1) Press PREV or NEXT to toggle between Process
Variable, Measured Variable, and Valve with the
Controller “ON.”
ENTER SAMPLING TIME 2) Press SELECT to enter a value. Pressing END will exit
SECONDS
this procedure and display the On-Line Menu.
EN-
< END TER
3) Type the desired sample time: range 1-300 seconds;
default is 1 second. Thirteen samples (maximum) of the
variable can be shown while sampling at the sample time
chosen.
WARNING: TREND TIME
MUST FALL BETWEEN If the sample time entered is greater than 300 seconds, a
1 AND 300 SECONDS. Warning message will appear that shows the range of
EXIT values.
CONT END
ARCHIVE 97 FTC1300
Ÿ If the configuration at this archive number is no longer
SELECT A FUNCTION needed, press CLR ARCH to erase it. Press END to
EDIT CLR exit this screen.
ARCH ARCH END
Ÿ To review or edit the configuration, press EDIT ARCH.
Press CONT and select a function block to view or edit,
then return to this section and go to "After configuration
is complete." step 1.
ARCHIVE 97 DEFAULT Ÿ If the archive contains data, the next screen will provide
SELECT A FUNCTION the option of editing the archive or downloading the
EDIT archive directly to the transmitter.
ARCH END
The Maintenance section has preventive maintenance procedures that are employed to prevent conditions
from occurring that would be detrimental to the reliability of the transmitter. Should a malfunction occur,
troubleshooting procedures will assist in minimizing down-time. This section also includes transmitter
removal and replacement procedures, recommended spare and replacement parts, and an exploded view
drawing with a parts list.
WARNING
6.1 CALIBRATION
A transmitter is calibrated at the factory and should not require field calibration. Sections 6.1.2 and 6.1.3
describe field and bench calibration of a transmitter.
Transmitter calibration should be checked at least annually and the procedures in this section performed if
out of tolerance.
Ÿ DAC OUTPUT - Calibrates the Digital-to-Analog Converter that sets the transmitter's analog output
signal.
Ÿ WIDE mV - Calibrates the millivoltmeter for TC/mV inputs between -18.00 mV and 103 mV.
Ÿ NARROW mV - Calibrates the millivoltmeter for TC/mV inputs between -11.00 mV and 26.00 mV
Ÿ CURRENT SOURCE - Calibrates the transmitter’s current source that supplies a forcing current to
RTD/Ohm sensors.
Perform the steps in the appropriate Section according to the transmitter's normal operating mode: analog
operation, Section 6.1.2.1; digital operation, Section 6.1.2.2.
IMPORTANT
If the transmitter is field mounted and conditions permit, calibration can be performed at the site as
described in steps 2 through 18. If a bench calibration is desired, perform steps 1 through 18.
1. Bench Calibration only: Disconnect the transmitter from the process by performing the steps in
Section 6.5.
NOTE
3. Connect MXC and DMM (milliammeter) to the loop as shown in either Figure 6-1 or 6-2. Set DMM
to measure 4-20 mA.
6. Establish communication between MXC and transmitter. Refer to Section 3.2 as necessary.
If the transmitter is configured for digital mode, reconfigure for analog mode by setting the short
address to zero (0). Refer to Section 5.1.1.3 as necessary.
Step through the MXC screens and use the PREV and NEXT PRESSING ENTER WILL
buttons to select the DAC OUTPUT calibration. Press SELECT SET TRANSMITTER
OUTPUT TO A- EN-
(F4). 4.00 MA BORT TER
10. If output is within limits, press QUIT (F3) and proceed to step 13.
11. Respond to the prompt. Key in the current indicated by the ammeter and press ENTER (F4).
MXC
250
_ +
Bench Power Digital
Supply (DC) _ Milliammeter
+ Signal Test_
_ +
+
1 2 3
Model 344
Terminals
X02807S1
Resistance
Decade
Box
Circuit
Junction
MXC
Controller, +
Recorder, + Digital
Indicator, or 250 _ Milliammeter
other 1-5 Vdc _
Device
_
System
Power Signal Test
Supply + _ _
+ +
X02808S1
1 2 3
Model 344
Terminals
Sensor
12. Read the ammeter. If the output is within limits, press QUIT (F3) and proceed to step 13.
15. If the output is within limits, press QUIT (F3) and exit the calibration mode. Calibration is now
complete; go to step 18.
16. Respond to the prompt. Key in the current indicated by the ammeter and press ENTER (F4).
17. Read the ammeter. If output is within limits, press QUIT (F3) to exit the calibration mode.
If calibration is still required, repeat step 16 as many times as necessary until the output is within limits,
then press QUIT (F3) to exit the calibration mode.
18. When calibration is completed, disconnect test equipment, reconnect transmitter as necessary. If
transmitter is to operate in the digital mode, configure the short address to a number from 1 to 15
before disconnecting test equipment.
When a transmitter is configured to operate in the digital mode, its analog output is parked at 4 mA.
Although the analog output current function is not used when a transmitter is operating in the digital mode,
it can cause communications interference on the Multi-Drop Network or an excessive current load. To
check the analog output of a transmitter normally configured for digital mode, perform the steps in the
preceding section.
The conversion accuracy of the temperature signal from RTD/Ohm type inputs, as indicated by
transmitter output ZERO and FULL SCALE values, depends upon both CURRENT SOURCE and
NARROW/WIDE MILLIVOLT calibration (section 6.1.4.2).
The calibration check consists of substituting a resistance decade box for an RTD or Ohm (slidewire
potentiometer) type sensor. RTD/Ohm resistances corresponding to ZERO and FULL SCALE values
are applied to the transmitter and the 4 mA and 20 mA outputs are checked for accuracy.
The CURRENT SOURCE calibration procedure consists of precisely measuring and storing in the
transmitter the value of the RTD/Ohm sensor forcing current.
1. Connect test equipment to transmitter as shown in Figure 6-1 or 6-2. The decade box is connected in
a 3-wire RTD configuration which eliminates the lead wire resistance effect; however, all three test
leads should be approximately the same length.
2. Determine zero and full scale resistances for RTD or Ohm type input.
For an RTD type input: consult user supplied RTD resistance/temperature table and record the
resistance of the Zero and Full Scale temperatures.
For an Ohm type input: consult user supplied data and record the resistance of the Zero and Full Scale
points.
4. Apply power and read indicated Zero Scale value. Perform either A) or B) and compare the reading
to the specifications in step C).
A) Digital Meter installed - read the indicated Zero Scale value on the Meter.
1) From the MXC, execute the FIND XMTR program. (Refer to Section 2 as necessary.)
2) When the MXC finds the transmitter, press the dedicated TRANS VAR'S key on the MXC
and read the indicated value.
C) Accuracy specifications:
RTD input ......................... Equal to or less than +/-0.1°C of Zero and Full Scale temperatures.
Equal to or less than +/-0.02% of selected span in Deg. C; the higher
value will be the accuracy tolerance.
Ohm input (wide range) ...... Equal to or less than +/-1.3 ohm of Zero and Full Scale ohmic
values.
Ohm input (narrow range) . Equal to or less than +/-0.45 ohm of Zero and Full Scale ohmic
values.
Equal to or less than +/-0.02% of selected span in ohms; the higher
value will be the accuracy tolerance.
5. Set decade box to resistance corresponding to Full Scale value and check accuracy of indication
against specifications listed in step 4.
If calibration is required, retain the test set-up and proceed to Section 6.1.3.2 to perform the Current
Source Calibration.
If accuracy is within specifications, calibration is not required. Disconnect test equipment, reconnect
all wires, and install enclosure cap.
Connect the test microammeter to the transmitter as shown in Figure 6-3 and turn ON the power
supply.
2. From the MXC, execute the FIND XMTR program. (Refer to Section 2.)
1) Step through the MXC screens using the PREV and NEXT buttons to select CURRENT
SOURCE calibration. Press SELECT (F4). The MXC
SHORT mV+ (1) TO RTD (2)
will display the adjacent screen: WITH COPPER WIRE
CONT
MXC
250
_
Bench Power
Supply (DC) + Signal Test
_ _
+ +
X02827S1 1 of 2
1 2 3
Model 344
Digital + Terminals
Microammeter _
3. Read and note, to three decimal places, the value of the forcing current as displayed by the digital
microammeter.
4. In response to the screen prompt, enter the noted current (in microamps) into the MXC. For example:
51.125 µA.
WARNING: BURNING
5. Press ENTER (F4). The screen will display: EPROM WILL CHANGE
CALIBRATION CHARAC-
TERISTICS
Press CONT (F4) to calibrate. ABRT CONT
Disconnect the test microammeter and reconnect the test resistance decade box to the transmitter
(Figure 6-2).
7. Turn ON the power supply and return to Section 6.1.3.1 and again perform a calibration check.
If accuracy is within specifications, disconnect test equipment. Connect all wires and install enclosure
cap.
2) Disconnect the test resistance decade box and connect the test millivolt source to the transmitter.
See Figure 6-4.
3) Turn ON the power supply and proceed to section 6.1.4.2 and perform the Narrow/Wide Millivolt
calibration procedures.
The calibration check consists of substituting a millivolt source for a thermocouple (TC) or mV (slidewire
potentiometer) type sensor. Millivolt values corresponding to Zero and Full Scale temperatures are applied
to the transmitter and the indicated output checked for accuracy.
Narrow/Wide Millivolt calibration consists of applying one low and one high millivolt signal to the
transmitter and entering them into EPROM.
Narrow Millivolt: Applicable to mV inputs between -11.00 to +26.00 millivolts including inputs from an
R, S, T, or B type thermocouple.
Wide Millivolt: Applicable to mV inputs between -18.00 to +103.00 millivolts including inputs from a
J, K, E, or N type thermocouple.
X02827S1 2 of 2
MXC
250
_
Bench Power
Supply (DC) + Signal Test
_ _
+ +
+
DVM
_
1 2 3
Model 344
Millivolt + Terminals
Source _
• Thermocouple Type Input: Consult user supplied TC millivolt vs temperature table and record the
millivolt values corresponding to the Zero and Full Scale temperatures.
• mV Type Input: Consult user supplied data and record the millivolts equivalent to the Zero and Full
Scale points.
3. Set millivolt source to voltage corresponding to Zero Scale value. Adjust source to three decimal
places as read from the digital voltmeter (DVM) connected across millivolt source.
4. Apply power.
5. Read indicated Zero Scale value. Perform either A) or B) and compare the reading to the
specifications in step C).
A) If an optional Digital Meter is installed, read the indicated Zero Scale value.
2) When the MXC finds the transmitter, press the dedicated TRANS VAR'S key on the MXC
and read the displayed value.
C) Accuracy specifications:
Equal to or less than +/-0.02% of span. The higher value will be the
accuracy tolerance.
Equal to or less than +/-0.02% of span. The higher value will be the
accuracy tolerance.
6. Set millivolt source to voltage corresponding to Full Scale value and check accuracy of indication
against specifications listed in step 5.
If accuracy is within specifications, calibration is not required. Disconnect test equipment, re-connect
all wires and install enclosure cap.
1. From the MXC, execute the FIND XMTR program then select CAL/TEST (F2) from the display
menu.
2. Step through the MXC screens using the PREV and NEXT buttons to select NARROW
MILLIVOLT calibration. Press SELECT (F4).
APPLY 26.000 mV TO
The MXC will display: mV+ (1) AND mV- (3)
WITH COPPER WIRE
3. Adjust the output of the millivolt source to 26.000 mV. CONT
APPLY -11.000 mV TO
4. Press CONT (F4). Screen will display: mV+ (1) AND mV- (3)
WITH COPPER WIRE
CONT
5. Adjust the output of the millivolt source to -11.000 mV.
WARNING: BURNING
6. Press CONT (F4). Screen will return to SELECT EPROM WILL CHANGE
CALIBRATION CHARAC-
CALIBRATION menu shown here. TERISTICS
ABRT CONT
7. Press CONT (F4) to calibrate.
If no other calibrations are required, disconnect test equipment, reconnect all wires, and install
enclosure cap.
1. From the MXC, execute the FIND XMTR program then select CAL/TEST (F2) from the display
menu.
2. Step through the MXC screens to select WIDE MILLIVOLT calibration.. Press SELECT (F4).
WARNING: BURNING
6. Press CONT (F4). Screen will display: EPROM WILL CHANGE
CALIBRATION CHARAC-
TERISTICS
7. Press CONT (F4) to calibrate. ABRT CONT
Preventive maintenance consists of periodic inspection of the transmitter, cleaning the external surface of
the transmitter's enclosure, and draining condensate from conduit. Preventive maintenance should be
performed at regularly scheduled intervals.
NOTE
Ÿ Service Kit containing wrist strap and conductive mat (P/N 15545-110 or equivalent) for handling
semiconductor components and circuit board assemblies.
The frequency of inspection will depend on the severity of the transmitter's environment.
1. Inspect the exterior of the transmitter enclosure for accumulated oil, dust, dirt, and especially any
corrosive process overspray.
2. Check that each enclosure cap is fully threaded onto the enclosure, compressing the O-ring between
the cap and the enclosure. The O-ring must not be cracked, broken, or otherwise damaged.
3. If a digital meter is installed, inspect the protective viewing glass in the enclosure cap for cleanliness
and damage. A cracked or punctured glass must be replaced; see Section 6.4 and the Parts List at
the back of this Manual.
4. Inspect both enclosure conduit entrances for possible moisture leaks. An unused conduit entrance
must be plugged and sealed. Inspect the cable clamps of all watertight cable conduits for loose
clamps and deteriorated sealing material. Tighten clamps and reseal as necessary.
6. If subjected to vibration, inspect all transmitter mounting hardware for tightness. Tighten as
necessary.
7. Inspect pushbutton seals for cracks or punctures. Defective seals must be replaced.
After an exterior inspection of the transmitter, the enclosure can be cleaned with the transmitter operating.
1. Clean the enclosure (except enclosure cap glass) with a mild, nonabrasive liquid detergent, and a soft
bristle brush, sponge, or cloth. Rinse the weatherproof enclosure with a gentle spraying of water.
If the transmitter is subjected to heavy process overspray, keep the enclosure free of excessive
accumulation of process residue. Hot water or air may be used to flush away process residue if the
temperature of the cleaning medium does not exceed the operating temperature of the transmitter as
listed in Section 8.3.5 Environmental.
2. Clean enclosure cap glass with a mild nonabrasive liquid cleaner and a soft, lint-free cloth.
Remove the enclosure cap periodically to inspect the interior of the enclosure's terminal compartment.
Because the enclosure is sealed, there should be no accumulation of dust, dirt, or water (condensate) in
the interior. If condensate is present, a conduit drain must be installed. See Figure 4-11.
It is not recommended that the enclosure’s electronics module compartment be opened for inspection.
An annual calibration check should be performed to ensure that the transmitter is within specifications.
Refer to Section 6.1 for details.
6.3 TROUBLESHOOTING
This Section provides guidance and procedures to assist in identifying and correcting a malfunctioning
Model 344 Temperature Transmitter. Section 6.2.1 lists needed tools and equipment.
All documentation associated with the transmitter including piping and loop wiring diagrams and
configuration documentation should be available to maintenance personnel to facilitate troubleshooting.
NOTE
Symptoms and messages resulting from a transmitter malfunction can expedite the troubleshooting
process. Messages are displayed on an MXC screen and the optional digital meter
The following paragraphs explain the displayed messages and other visual indications that show the status
of the loop or the status of the transmitter.
Use the MXC's STATUS key to interrogate a transmitter and display a FAILSAFE message caused
by a transmitter failing a self-diagnostic test. This will identify the source of error through an error
message described in Table 6.1 and Section 6.3.2.1, paragraph
A. CALIBRATE / TEST
MXC STATUS and Diagnostic Displays require fault-free HART communications between the MXC
and the transmitter. In the event of communication problems, the MXC can display communication
error messages. Refer to Section 6.3.2.1, paragraph B for details.
The Model 344 routinely performs self-diagnostic tests and will display the message “FAIL” if a fault
is detected. If the controller function is “OFF” the LCD will flash whenever the process temperature
is over or under the range limits by 3%.
Troubleshooting information can be displayed on a video monitor associated with a console station or
work station that is configured to monitor the loop. Refer to the literature supplied with the station.
A panel mounted controller or other station accepting a loop signal generated by a transmitter, or using
HART signals to communicate with a transmitter, can display information about the status of the loop
and transmitter. Again, refer to the literature supplied with the station.
6.3.2 Troubleshooting
The following procedures can assist maintenance personnel in identifying and isolating a transmitter or loop
problem and its source. Diagnostic messages and symptoms related to transmitter malfunction help in
diagnosing a problem. Begin troubleshooting by noting the diagnostic message or symptom that
accompanies a transmitter malfunction.
A. Transmitter Self-Diagnostics
Microprocessor initiated transmitter self-diagnostics perform tests on the Electronics Assembly but not
the temperature measuring sensor.
NOTE
Faults such as a failed digital meter or erratic sensor are not detectable
by the self-diagnostics.
A transmitter failing its self-diagnostics can result in one of the following displays. Perform the
procedure given below to access the diagnostic displays and remedy the problem.
2. Press the MXC's STATUS key. If the message "FAILSAFE" appears in the display, the
transmitter has failed a self-diagnostic test.
3. Press ERRORS (F2) to display all active transmitter errors. Note which of the error messages
in Table 6.1 is displayed (multiple errors can be displayed).
TRANSMITTER FAILED
TRANSMITTER SELFTEST
CONT
4. Confirm that the fault still exists by selecting the CALIBRATE/TEST screen from the On-Line
Menu of the MXC and press TEST (F3). This instructs the transmitter to perform a self-
diagnostic test.
Fault Remains:
Repeat the "TEST" program to ensure the validity of the reported fault.
If the fault was temporary - possibly caused by excessive electrical noise or a power line spike -
the adjacent message will be displayed:
If the transmitter passes the selftest, it will automatically exit the failsafe mode and resume
operation.
The following three communication warning messages can interrupt the MXC screen at any time
during a communication if an error is detected. A troubleshooting procedure with a "possible cause"
and "corrective action" recommendation is provided for each error message in Tables 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.
! WARNING ! ! WARNING !
NO TRANSMITTER FOUND COMMUNICATION ERROR ! WARNING !
RE- FIELD DEVICE
TRY END RETRY QUIT MALFUNCTION
This message is the result of a failed attempt to communicate with a specific transmitter when executing
the FIND XMTR program on the MXC.
TRANSMITTER PASSED
TRANSMITTER SELFTEST
CONT
Check for loose or broken loop wiring at power supply terminals, Supply
Barriers (if used), junction boxes, and transmitter terminal compartment.
Check for the proper type and length of loop cable and for electrical
interference between the loop cable and any adjacent cables in a cable tray or
conduit..
Possible Cause: Loop Power Check power supply output voltage for installed network resistance:
Supply Failure 17 Vdc minimum at 250Ω
42 Vdc maximum at 1100Ω
This message results when, after having successfully established communications with a transmitter, an
error flag is detected in a received message and the message is not accepted. Error types are: Vertical
Parity Error, Overrun Error, Framing Error, Longitudinal Parity Error, and Buffer Overflow.
Check that loop resistance is between 250Ω and 1100Ω to support HART
communications.
Check for loose or broken loop wiring at power supply terminals, Supply
Barriers (if used), junction boxes, and transmitter terminal compartment.
Check for short between cable shield and SIGNAL + loop wire.
Check for the proper type and length of loop cable and for electrical
interference between the loop cable and any adjacent cables in a cable tray or
conduit.
Loop Power Supply Failure Check power supply output voltage: 17 Vdc minimum, 42 Vdc maximum.
This message results when, after having successfully established communications with a transmitter, a
transmitter self-diagnostics failsafe flag is detected in a received message. Use the MXC STATUS
program to identify the error source.
In this section, Tables 6.5 through 6.9 provide information on diagnosing several types of analog output
malfunction symptoms. Under each symptom, possible causes are identified and corrective action
suggested.
If transmitter STATUS checks OK, at the Main Menu, select LOOP OVRD
(loop override). Verify the loop by setting the output current to 4, 12 and 20
mA. If an Digital Meter is not installed, verify current by connecting an
ammeter to the transmitter’s TEST +/- terminals.
If the measured selected loop currents are significantly low in value, or loop
current cannot be set, replace the Electronics Module. See Section 6.5.2.
Loop Wiring/Power Supply Check for 12 Vdc minimum across SIGNAL +/- terminals in transmitter terminal
compartment.
Check power supply output voltage for specified level: 17 Vdc minimum, 42
Vdc maximum.
Check for loose or broken loop wiring at power supply terminals, Supply
Barriers (if used), junction boxes, and transmitter terminal compartment.
Check for short between cable shield and SIGNAL + loop wire.
Check for the proper type of loop cable and for electrical interference between
the loop cable and any adjacent cables in a cable tray or conduit.
Transmitter stuck in Loop Override Re-enter Loop Override from MXC Main Menu and properly exit Loop
Mode. Override Mode.
If transmitter STATUS checks OK, EXIT the Status screen to the On-Line
Menu and select LOOP OVRD (loop override). Verify the loop by setting the
output current to 4, 12 and 20 mA (read at Digital Meter or ammeter connected
to TEST +/- terminals.
Check for loose loop wiring at power supply terminals, Supply Barriers (if
used), junction boxes, and transmitter terminal compartment.
Check for the proper type of loop cable and for electrical interference between
the loop cable and any adjacent cables in a cable tray or conduit.
Check signal loop is grounded, not floating. Ground signal loop at one point
only, preferably at the power supply negative terminals.
Loop power supply excessively Confirm defective power supply by substituting spare supply for suspect
noisy supply.
If STATUS is OK, select LOOP OVRD (loop override). Verify loop by setting
output current to 4, 12 and 20 mA (read on Digital Meter or ammeter connected
to TEST +/- terminals). Carefully observe that the selected currents remain
steady.
The optional LCD is functionally tested during a transmitter power up or master reset. It is also tested
when the MXC TEST program (transmitter self-diagnostics) is executed. The 4 second test activates all
the legends and numerical segments of the LCD. However, if the LCD fails the test, the failure is not
reported by the self-diagnostics. The LCD must be observed when performing the MXC TEST program
to confirm its test.
If the LCD is not functioning correctly, use an on-hand spare LCD to prove the suspect LCD is defective
as follows:
1. Turn off power to the transmitter and remove protective enclosure cap to access the LCD.
2. Snap a grounding wrist strap on wrist and connect ground clip to transmitter or mounting bracket.
3. As shown in Figure 4-10, disconnect cable from Digital Meter Board and slide cable from cable slot in
Board.
4. Connect the cable to the spare LCD. Restore power to the transmitter and check that the spare LCD
is functioning correctly. To repeat the test, use the MXC to TEST the transmitter.
5. If the spare LCD functions correctly, replace the defective LCD. Refer to Section 4.4.4.
If the spare LCD exhibits the original problem, replace the Electronics Module. Refer to Section 6.5.
Enclosure caps should turn smoothly and easily on the enclosure threads. These threads are factory
coated with a wet, paste-type, anti-seize compound such as Never-Seez by Emhart Bostik.
Ÿ Be careful not to wipe off the lubricant while handling the transmitter.
Ÿ Recoat the enclosure threads if the cap is at all difficult to turn on the enclosure threads.
Ÿ Always inspect the enclosure O-ring for damage before installing a cap.
Ÿ Enclosure Cap Display Viewing Glass: Agency regulations do not permit field replacement of a
broken or damaged glass as this would invalidate the
enclosure's explosion proof rating. Replace the entire
damaged enclosure end cap assembly.
Ÿ Power/Sensor Input Terminal Strip: A damaged (unusable) terminal strip requires the
replacement of the enclosure body
This section provides general information concerning the replacing of assemblies. Removal and
replacement of assemblies is easily accomplished with standard hand tools. Section 4.4.4 describes
repositioning and removal of the digital meter. This procedure is also used for meter replacement.
NOTE
The Electronics Module should be returned to the factory for repair if found to be defective.
REMOVAL
1. The electronics module can usually be replaced at the installation site; otherwise, remove the
transmitter for bench servicing.
If a Transmitter-Controller is controlling the process, use the proper procedures and shut down the
process. Turn off power to transmitter and remove the enclosure cap to access the electronics module.
2. Retrieve the wrist strap from the maintenance kit and snap it on. Connect ground clip to unpainted
area on the transmitter or mounting bracket. Use proper handling procedures to prevent damage to
the Electronics Module from electrostatic discharge. Store an electronic assembly in a static shielding
bag.
3. If a Digital Meter is installed, remove the meter assembly as described in Section 4.4.4. Disconnect
digital meter board cable from Module connector P2. Retain removed cable.
4. As shown in Figure 4-9, unscrew captive screw from Module’s retaining bracket. Slide Module
forward until Module’s guide blocks are free of the metal guide posts. Place removed Module in
static protective bag.
REPLACEMENT
1. Remove replacement Electronics Assembly from static protective bag. Refer to Figure 4-9 and check
that Push Button Enable/Disable jumper W1 is in the Enable position.
2. If a Digital Meter is to be installed, refer to section 4.4.4 and connect the removed digital meter board
cable to the Electronic Module’s P2 connector.
An accurate record keeping system for tracking maintenance operations should be established and kept up
to date. Data extracted from the record may serve as a base for ordering maintenance supplies, including
spare parts. The record may also be useful as a troubleshooting tool. In addition, maintenance records
may be required to provide documentary information in association with a service contract. It is suggested
that, as appropriate, the following information be recorded:
The quantity and variety of spare parts is determined by the time a transmitter can be permitted to remain
out of service or off-line. An electronics module should be stocked by the user for immediate repairs.
Replaceable parts are listed in the Parts List at the back of this Manual.
To replace a part, refer to Section 4, Installation and the Parts List drawing at the back of this Manual.
When ordering a part, provide the following information for the item, module or assembly to be replaced or
spared. This information will help insure that a repair addresses the observed problem, and that a
compatible part is supplied.
4. User purchase order number of original order, available from user records
5. New user purchase order number for the assembly to be replaced or spared
6. Reason for return for repair; include system failure symptoms, station failure symptoms, and error
codes displayed.
Returns should be packaged in original shipping materials if possible. Otherwise, package item for safe
shipment or contact factory for shipping recommendations. Refer to Section 6.9 to obtain a Return
Material Authorization number.
IMPORTANT
A single number software compatibility code identifies transmitter software revision level. This software
controls the transmitter's operating routines and its HART communications with loop connected stations
and gateways.
To read the software level of a transmitter (see Section 5 for a detailed procedure):
1. Connect the MXC to the loop. Establish communication with the transmitter and display the On-Line
Menu.
2. Press STATUS, then press CONT. Read the model number and software revision level.
Product support can be obtained from the Moore Products Co. Technical Information Center (TIC). TIC is
a customer service center that provides direct phone support on technical issues related to the functionality,
application, and integration of all products supplied by Moore Products Co.
To contact TIC for support, either call 215-646-7400, extension 4TIC (4842) or leave a message in the
bulletinboard service (BBS) by calling 215-283-4958. The following information should be at hand when
contacting TIC for support:
When someone calls for support for the first time, a personal caller number is assigned. This number is
mailed in the form of a caller card. Having the number available when calling for support will allow the
TIC representative taking the call to use the central customer database to quickly identify the caller’s
location and past support needs.
• Product part number or model number and version (see section 7.0 for guidelines on identification)
The return of equipment or parts for any reason must always be coordinated with the factory. When it
becomes necessary to make a return shipment, be sure to contact Moore Products Co. first and obtain
packaging information and carrier recommendations.
TO RETURN EQUIPMENT
Ÿ Call Moore Products Co. at (215) 646-7400, ext. 4RMA (4762) weekdays between 8:00 a.m. and 4:45
p.m. Eastern Time to obtain an RMA (Return Material Authorization) number. Mark the RMA
number prominently on the outside of the return shipment.
Ÿ When calling for an RMA number, provide the reason for the return. If returning equipment for
repair, failure information (e.g., error code, failure symptom, installation environment) will be
requested. A purchase order number will be requested.
Ÿ A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must be included with each item being returned that was
stored or used anywhere hazardous materials were present.
PACKAGING
Ÿ Package assembly in original shipping materials. Otherwise, package it for safe shipment or contact
the factory for shipping recommendations.
This section provides a basic circuit description of the XTC Model 344 Temperature Transmitter-
Controller. Figure 7-1 shows a functional block diagram of the transmitter.
The main Electronics Assembly is comprised a four circuit boards: Digital Board with microprocessor and
HART modem chips, Analog Board with the Digital/Analog converter and power supply, an Input Board,
and an Output Board. The baseboard contains filtering components for the transmitter I/O and an optional
digital LCD display board provides local indication of the transmitter output.
The main Electronics Module has four boards which contain the following:
Ÿ A standard Bell 202 Modem that employs Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) for remote communications
via the HART protocol.
Ÿ A Microcontroller that:
- Controls communications
- Corrects and linearizes the sensor input signal
- Stores configuration data; configuration data is stored in nonvolatile EEPROM memory in the
Microcontroller and is retained when power is interrupted permitting the Transmitter to
become functional upon power-up
- Performs re-ranging and damping value selection upon input from user actuated local Zero,
and Fullscale pushbuttons
Ÿ A Low Voltage Power Supply with current limiting that provides DC operating power
Ÿ A power supply Voltage Monitor that generates a Microcontroller Reset signal when the Network
(Loop) supply voltage is interrupted.
Ÿ A Bandpass Filter that passes HART signals and rejects low frequency analog signaling.
Ÿ A Voltage-to-Current Converter (V/I) that converts the output of the ASIC's D/A to a 4 to 20 mA
loop output signal.
Ÿ Reference junction temperature sensor that measures and regulates the temperature of the TC(+)
screw terminal.
Input Circuitry
P-Channel
Upscale/
FET Switch
RTDI+ Downscale V Burnout
104 uA
Burnout
Source
Trickle Current
TC+
RTD SEL
RTD TC
52 uA Sink
TC-/RTD- CMOS
Analog
Switch
A to D
Converter
Reference
Junction
Temperature AMP Input 2
Sensor
SCLK
Control
Data
12-42 Vdc Loop Power Supply Input Isolated Data/Control
Power Supply Isolation
Output Circuitry
Digital Signal
Pulse On
Pushbuttons
SIGNAL+ ASIC
V to I Pulse Off
D to A Zero
Converter
Loop Converter
SIGNAL- Microcontoller
(uC)
HART Signal
XMIT (TXA)
Full Scale
R XD
Analog REC
Meter, 2-Pole Zero Crossing HART
Detector Modem TXD UART
Earlier Active Filter
(RXA )
XTCs
Only
X02829S1
Digital
Meter
The transmitter input signal, obtained from a Thermocouple (TC), Millivolt (mV), Resistance Temperature
Detector (RTD) , or Resistive (Ohm) source is wired to the transmitter’s signal input terminal block. The
standard calibration curves for J, K, E, T, R, S, B and N type Thermocouples and US/DIN curves for 100,
200, and 500 Platinum RTDs are stored in memory. The input is corrected for ambient temperature
effects, linearized, and converted to a 4 to 20 mA or HART digital output signal. The specific type of
input signal is selected during configuration.
The range limit for a millivolt input signal from a TC or mV source is -10 mV to +100 mV. Since input
circuits for mV and TC inputs operate identically, a TC input will be described.
The input from the thermocouple is applied to a 2-pole filter which reduces RFI and 60 Hz noise. The
filter’s output is fed to a high gain amplifier and applied to INPUT 1 of the A/D Converter. An amplified
reference junction input from an Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor is fed to INPUT 2 of the A/D
Converter. The Sensor measures the temperature of the TC (+) screw terminal and regulates the current
at a rate of 1 microamp per degree Kelvin. The Microcontroller (µC) periodically reads the Sensor signal
and compensates the TC input for changes in ambient temperature.
UPSCALE/DOWNSCALE indicates thermocouple burnout (open circuit) by driving the output to a high
or low limit depending on the selected configuration parameter. When the transmitter input is configured
for a TC, the RTD SEL output from the A/D Converter goes logic low. This turns on the P-channel FET
and turns off the CMOS Analog Switch, disabling the 52 µA Current Sink used for RTD/OHMS input.
The V BURNOUT output from the A/D Converter, either a plus or minus voltage depending on the
upscale/downscale choice, passes through the FET and is converted to a trickle current. If the TC opens,
the trickle current will charge the input filter in the appropriate direction and drive the perceived
temperature to the high or low limit.
The input circuitry communicates with the microcontroller (µC) through three pulse transformers
(DATA/CONTROL ISOLATION) which provide isolation with minimum current consumption.
The range input for an OHM type input is 0 to 1875 ohms (from an RTD or potentiometer source). Input
circuits for a potentiometer or RTD input operate identically; here, an RTD input will be described.
The operation of the input circuitry with an RTD/OHM input is essentially the same as with a TC/mV
input with the following exception; an RTD/OHM input is read by forcing a 52 microamp current through
the sensing device and measuring the resulting voltage drop that is applied to the input filter (52 microamps
was chosen to generate standard TC voltages when used with a TC input) .
When the transmitter is configured for an RTD input, the RTD SEL output from the A/D Converter goes
logic high turning off the P-channel FET and disabling the burnout trickle current network. The CMOS
The current from the 104 microamp source is applied to the RTDI(+) pin which is jumpered to the TC(+)
pin. Since the 52 µA sink network draws 52 microamps, the remaining current flows through the RTD
input to ground creating a voltage at the input to the 2-pole filter. 52 microamps is drawn through the TC
(+) pin into the 52 µA sink network, ensuring that when a 3-wire RTD is used , both measurement leads
will have identical current flowing in the same direction into the transmitter.
The digitized sensor and reference junction signals are passed from the input circuit’s A/D Converter
through isolated pulse transformers into the microcontroller (µC) for signal linearization and temperature
compensation.
The output signal from the µC is applied to a D/A Converter which outputs two variable width pulses
(PULSE ON/PULSE OFF). The widths of the pulses are modulated in direct proportion to the voltage
level of the sensor input signal. The pulses are simultaneously applied to the V/I Converter and to two P-
channel FETs within the Converter. The output from the FETs is filtered and fed into an operational
amplifier whose output drives the voltage-to-current conversion circuit, a Darlington transistor pair acting
as a pass transistor for the 4 to 20 mA loop current output.
The Model 344 communicates, via the HART protocol, with the portable MXC and any Primary or
Secondary Master connected to the Network.
A 2-Pole Active Filter connected to the loop input receives HART transmissions. The filter rejects low
frequency analog signaling, and other out-of-band interference, preventing a compromise of the digital
reception. The filtered signal is applied to a Zero Crossing Detector which converts the filtered
information into clean pulses of uniform amplitude before introduction to the Bell 202 Modem.
The Modem receives and processes (e.g., demodulation) the serial FSK signal (Rxa) and outputs the signal
(Rxd) to the Microcontroller where serial to parallel conversion is performed.
In response to the received signal, the Microcontroller outputs a signal (Txd) to the Modem where it is
modulated and fed into the feedback circuit of the V/I Converter for transmission (Txa) over the loop.
This section contains the model designation table, accessory tables, and specifications for all Model 344
Temperature Transmitters.
Table 8.1 identifies each model designation entry on a transmitter's nameplate. The nameplate also carries
other important transmitter information in addition to the model designation: bill of material number (B/M),
serial number, span limits, factory calibration (FCTY CAL), and certifications.
IMPORTANT
(1) A Model 344T Thermal Element should be specified separately. Shipping oversized integral thermal elements attached to a
Model 344 is at Moore Products Co.’s discretion.
Table 8.2 lists the general accessories available for the transmitter. Accessories are ordered separately
since they are not included in a transmitter’s model number.
Table 8.3 lists the thermal sensors commonly available for the transmitter. Each sensor can be provided
as an integral or remote assembly. The integral version, shown in Figure 8-1, provides a direct connection
that becomes part of the transmitter assembly. The remote version, shown in Figure 8-2, includes a
connection head that provides a termination point for the sensor wires, allowing the sensor to be installed
separately.
A F U
9.00 6.00 2.00
See Note
(22.9) (15.2) (5.10)
A F U
6.00 2.00
See Note
(15.2) (5.10)
X02816S0
Note:
Typical Well Lengths in Inches (Centimeters).
Table 8.4 provides a list of replacement thermocouples and RTDs for Model 344T series thermal sensors.
In critcal applications, it may be desirable to have on-hand spare elements. All thermal elements are 1/4”
in diameter with a 316SS sheath and grounded measuring junction. All thermal elements are spring
loaded. The length of the assembly, computed as A + F + U, must be supplied. For cast aluminum or
cast iron connection heads add 2” to the computed length for T/Cs and RTDs.
Table 8.5 lists thermocouple wire for common thermocouple types. Thermocouple wire is twisted-shielded
pair, 20 gauge, PVC insulated. RTD wire is 16 or 20 gauge 3-wire twisted-shielded.
TABLE 8.4 Replacement Thermocouples and RTDs for 344T Temperature Elements
8.3 SPECIFICATIONS
The following specifications are for all transmitter models except as noted.
8.3.1 Mechanical
Weight (approximate)
Transmitter with Display .........................................8.5 lbs (3.9 kg)
Supplied Bracket.....................................................1.5 lbs (0.7 kg)
2. For 400° C and above. For 100° C to 400° C, accuracy is 9° C. Common applications are above 800° C.
Rotate Nameplate
to Access Zero
and Full Scale
Adjustments
X02803S1
FS
Z
3.75 Clearance for Enclosure 2.44
(95.3) Cap Removal (62.0)
7.95(201.9)
1/2 NPT or w/Meter Option 8.94(227.1)
M20 X 1.5
Tapped Hole 4.96(126.0) 2.99
(Electrical Digital Meter (75.9)
Entrance) 4.12(104.7) 5.95(151.1)
2 Places
.85(21.6)
4.76
(120.9)
0.45(11.4)
0.90(22.9)
Dimensions in Inches(Millimeters) Mounting Hole
1/4-20 Thread
4 Places
Outputs
Analog ...................................................................Two-wire with digital communication
superimposed on the 4-20 mA signal, Max, less
than 25 mAdc, Min., greater than 3.84 mAdc
Digital....................................................................HART protocol for field communication bus
Power Supply
Minimum Compliance Voltage ................................+12 Vdc with no loop resistance, see Figure 4-4
Network (Current Sense or Loop)
Resistance (RL) ................................................250Ω minimum, 1100Ω maximum
*RL = 43.4V S - 520.8; where VS = power supply
voltage
Maximum Loop Voltage .........................................+42 Vdc; for Ex N use, see Section 8.3.6
Ripple ...................................................................0.2 Vp-p, 47-125 Hz
Noise ....................................................................0.6 mV RMS maximum
Impedance ............................................................10 Ohms maximum
Network Topology
Point-To-Point
Transmitter Quantity ........................................1
Network Signal and Connection ........................Analog 4-20 mA, single current loop; see Figures
4-1 and 4-2
Network Resistance .........................................See Figure 4-4
Multi-Drop
Transmitter Quantity ............................ ............1 to 15
Network Signal and Connection ........................Digital, parallel connected; see Figure 4-3
Network Resistance .........................................See Figure 4-4
Thermocouple (TC)
Reference Junction Compensation ....................Automatic
Input Impedance ..............................................Greater than 200,000 Ohms
Thermocouple Burnout Scale Direction .............HART selectable (UP/DOWN)
Conformity ......................................................Greater than or equal to 0.1°F; NIST curve
based on IPTS - 1968
Millivolt (mV)
Input Impedance ..............................................Greater than 1 Megohm
Resistance (Potentiometer)
Input Impedance .............................................Greater than 1 Megohm
8.3.5 Environmental
Humidity
Operating ..............................................................5-100% RH
Storage .................................................................0-100% RH, non-condensing
Maximum Moisture
Operating ..............................................................Less than 0.050 lb. H2O per lb. of dry air
Storage . ................................................................Less than 0.028 lb. H2O per lb. of dry air
Before installing, applying power to, or servicing a transmitter, see the transmitter's nameplate and the
Table in section 8.1 for the electrical classification. Contact Moore Products Co. for latest approvals and
certifications.
FM/CSA - (CSA approval has been granted. FM approval was pending at the time this User’s Manual was
prepared.)
CENELEC
BASEEFA
Ex N IIC T4 (Tamb = -40°C to 85°C)
Ex N IIC T5 (Tamb = -40°C to 60°C)
Ex N Use - Install a voltage limiting device that will prevent loop terminal voltage
from exceeding 42 Vdc.
EMC Compatibility: A Declaration of Conformity showing accordance with EN45014 is located on the
following page.
SAA Certification The transmitter has been assessed to the entity concept. Consider the following
electrical parameters during installation.
Maximum Input Voltage (Ui) 42V
Maximum Input Current (Ii) 180 mA
Maximum Internal Capacitance (Ci) 0 µF
Maximum Internal Inductance (Li) 0 mH
It is a condition of safe use for Ex n and Ex d installations that any unused entry be
blocked such that the IP rating is maintained and requires use of a tool to effect its removal.
This section provides CSA hazardous location precautions that should be observed by the user when
installing or servicing the equipment described in this Instruction. These statements supplement those
given in the preceding section.
WARNING
Precautions - English
Ÿ Use only factory-authorized replacement parts. Substitution of components can impair the suitability
of this equipment for hazardous locations.
When the equipment described in this Instruction in installed without safety barriers, the following
precautions should be observed. Switch off electrical power at its source (in non-hazardous location)
before connecting or disconnecting power, signal, or other wiring.
Précautions - Français
Ÿ Les pièces de rechange doivent être autorisées par l'usine. Les substitutions peuvent rendre cet
appareil impropre à l'utilisation dans les emplacements dangereux.
Lorsque l'appareil décrit dans la notice ci-jointe est installé sans barrières de sécurité, on doit couper
l'alimentation électrique a la source (hors de l'emplacement dangereux) avant d'effectuer les opérations
suivantes branchment ou débranchement d'un circuit de puissance, de signalisation ou autre.
9.0 GLOSSARY
Listed here are terms used in the field of temperature measurement; terms and abbreviations that appear
on a Moore XTC Communicator (MXC) screen; and terms relevant to HART networks.
ALPHA - The average percent change in resistance per degree of a pure metal resistance device
between 0 and 100 degrees Centigrade. Designated by the Greek letter alpha.
ANALOG SIGNALING - A low current signal of 4 to 20 mAdc from a Field Instrument to a Primary
Master or non-signaling hardware.
ARCHIVE - A database of user-set parameter values that is stored in an MXC. An archive is usually a
complete configuration. Each archive is assigned a unique number (1-99).
BARRIER - A device whose function is to limit the voltage and current in the hazardous area even if
certain types of faults occur on the non-hazardous side of the Barrier.
COMMISSIONING - Testing of a transmitter and loop to verify transmitter configuration and loop
operation and wiring.
CONFIGURATION - A database (or archive) created using an MXC and downloaded to a transmitter
to define transmitter operation.
CONNECTION HEAD - An enclosure attached to the head of a thermocouple within which the
electrical connections are made.
CURRENT SENSE RESISTANCE - The resistance in a Network across which the field instrument
(Transmitter) signal voltages are developed.
DAMPING - A user selectable output characteristic that increases the response time of a transmitter to
smooth the output when the input signal contains rapid variations.
DIN - Deutsche Industrial Norms - A German agency that sets engineering and dimensional standards
and has world-wide recognition.
DIN 43760 - The standard that defines the characteristics of a 100 ohm platinum RTD having an R
versus T curve with an Alpha of 0.00385 ohms per ohm per degree C.
FIELD INSTRUMENT - A network element that uses current variation for digital signaling or digital
plus analog signaling.
HART NETWORK - A single pair of cabled wires and the attached communicating HART elements.
LOWER RANGE LIMIT (LRL) - Determined by the transmitter's range, this is the lowest value of the
measured variable that the transmitter can be configured to measure.
LOWER RANGE VALUE (LRV) - Representing the 4 mA point in the transmitter's output, this is the
lowest value of the measured variable that the transmitter is currently configured to measure.
INTRINSICALLY SAFE INSTRUMENT - An instrument which will not produce any spark or
thermal effects under normal or abnormal conditions that will ignite a specified gas mixture.
MAXIMUM OVERRANGE - The maximum pressure (static plus differential) that can safely be
applied to a transmitter.
MULTI-DROP NETWORK - A HART Network having from one to fifteen field instruments that are
parallel connected on a single 2-wire cable. This Network uses digital signaling only. Analog signaling is
not employed.
NETWORK RESISTANCE - Defined as the sum of the Current Sense Resistance, Barrier Resistance,
if any, and any other resistance in the Network.
POINT-TO-POINT NETWORK - A Network having a single field instrument and Primary Master.
Analog signaling or analog plus digital signaling is possible.
PRIMARY MASTER - The single controlling Network Element that communicates with one or more
field instruments.
RERANGING - Changing the transmitter's 4 and 20 mA settings (i.e., setting LRV and URV); this is a
configuration function.
RTD - Resistance temperature detector - A temperature transducer based on the principle that the
resistivity of a metal shows a marked temperature dependence.
SECONDARY MASTER - An occasional user of the Network such as the XTC Communicator
(MXC).
SPAN - Algebraic difference between the upper and lower range values (URV and LRV).
TRANSDUCER - A device that accepts an input, such as pressure, and converts that input into an output
of some other form, such as a voltage.
TRANSMITTER SHORT ADDRESS - A unique number assigned during configuration that identifies
a transmitter connected to a network. An address between 1 and 15 is assigned to a transmitter
connected to a Multi-Drop network. A transmitter connected to a point-to-point network has 0 as an
address.
UPPER RANGE LIMIT (URL) - Determined by the transmitter's range, this is the highest value of the
measured variable that the transmitter can be configured to measure.
UPPER RANGE VALUE (URV) - Representing the 20 mA point in the transmitter's output, this is the
highest value of the measured variable that the transmitter is currently configured to measure.
This function block allows the user to determine the range and the units in which the sensor will measure
the sensor input. Range and span limits are dictated by a transmitter's sensor.
Also included is a digital filter for removing process and sensor noise.
Use this function block to set up Process Variable Ranges and Units to improve the understanding of the
Measured Variable. The Process Variable differs from the Measured Variable. As stated in the previous
function block description, the Measured Variable in actual physical units such as ohms, and the Process
Variable can be shown in units that represent the actual process parameter being measured such as
Temperature (deg C). The output display code determines which variable will be displayed on the digital
meter. There are three options for the output display code:
1. Measured Variable - When measured variable is selected, the input will be displayed in measured
variable units.
2. Percent - When percent is selected, the input will be displayed as 0-100% of the process variable
range.
3. Process Variable - When process variable is selected, the input will be displayed in process variable
units.
Auto Rerange automatically rescales the Process Variable in proportion to the Measured Variable in the
Sensor Input Block. It will also rescale the Measured Variable range if the Process Variable range is
changed. For example, if the Measured Variable is set at 0-100 Ohms, and the Process Variable is set at
0-500 deg C, then a change in Measured Variable range to 0-200 Ohms will result in the Process Variable
being automatically rescaled to 0-1000 deg C.
The Transmitter ID block contains ASCII strings that can be entered to aid in record keeping and
identification of the transmitter. These ASCII strings include an 8-character Tag, a 16-character
Descriptor, and a 32-character Message. In addition, a date code and an 8-digit Device Serial Number
that can be used to identify the transmitter can be entered.
Set the Short Address to 0 to place the transmitter in Analog or Point-to-Point mode. Set the Address to
1-15 for Digital or Multidrop mode.
NOTE
Each transmitter in a Multidrop network must have a unique address. An analog mode
transmitter should never be used in a Multidrop network.
output signal. The input to the block represents either the actual Failsafe Level 4 - 20 mA
Process Variable when the transmitter is configured as a transmitter -
only, or the valve signal when configured as a controller. A 4 mA
signal wll be output if in Digital mode.
The failsafe level is the value to which the transmitter output will go if an error is detected while the
transmitter is performing its self-diagnostic program. This value may be set at Lo (≤ 4 mA), Hi (≥ 20
mA), or at the last value the transmitter recorded before entering failsafe mode.
This function block includes 2 absolute alarms. The action of these alarms can be selected as HI or LO.
The setpoint for the alarms is entered in the units selected in the operator display block.
The Not Acknowledge bit (NAK) in the alarm status word is set whenever the alarm goes from a no-
alarm to an ALARM condition. When the ALARM condition clears, the NAK bit will reset if the Self
Clearing NAKS paramter is set to ON. If the Self Clearing NAKS parameter is set to OFF, then the
NAK but must be reset via a HART command.
The Alarms Out of Service parameter determines if the out of service bit in the alarm status word is set.
from the CHANGE SP key of the MXC. This function block can be
configured as tracking or non-tracking. If it is configured as
tracking, the SP will track the PV when the controller is in manual.
If it is configured as non-tracking the SP will remain at its hold value.
On power-up, the operating value in the function block is initialized to the Power-Up value. The Power-
Up value can only be changed by editing the parameter in this function block with the MXC or by storing a
new value via the pushbuttons of the XTC.
is in MANUAL, the output is the manual (M) value (-1.0 to 110%). The manual value can be adjusted
with the pushbuttons of the XTC or from the CHANGE VALVE key of the MXC. When the manual (M)
value is not the function block output, it will track the output value of the controller function block.
The A/M transfer can be configured as AUTO only. When the Automatic Mode Only parameter is
selected as YES, the function block will remain in the AUTO position.
Configuration allows for selecting the A/M block power-up position (automatic, manual). When the
function block powers-up in manual, the value of M can be set in configuration from -1.0 to 110%.
The Power-Up Valve can only be changed by editing the parameter in this function block with the MXC
or by storing a new value via the pushbuttons of the XTC.
PID Controller
Controller .....................................................................On/Off
Controller Type....................................................... PID/PD/ID
PID Controller
Action............................................................... Reverse/Direct
PID
Proportional Gain (PID & PD) ...............................0.01 to 100.0 SP
Output
Time-Integral......................................... 0.01 to 1000 min/repeat PD
Time-Derivative.............................................. 0.01 to 100.0 min PV
ID
Derivative Gain......................................................1.00 to 30.00
Manual Reset (PD only)....................................... 0.0 to 100.0%
Manual Reset Tracking (PD only).................................. No/Yes
The PID controller is a reset type controller which uses external feedback to establish the integral action.
The function block will force the output to track the feedback when the controller is in manual.
If the derivative time TD is set to 0.00, the derivative section is eliminated.
Equations
O = GE + R
F
AUTO R=
TIs + 1
TDs 1
O = ±PG [P(1+ ) - S] + [1+ ]
(TD/DG)s + 1 TIs
MANUAL R = F - GE ∴ O = F
PV
+
TDs
+
TD
s+1
DG
+/-
+ Output
PG
GE
+/- +
R
SP 1 F
TI s + 1
X02879S0
PD Controller
The PD controller is a proportional only controller with manual reset which can be selected as tracking or
non-tracking.
The track function block will force the controller output to track the feedback, and if manual reset tracking
is selected, the manual reset (MR) will also track the feedback when the controller is in manual. In either
case, the controller will always go back to AUTO with the output equal to the feedback. The reset value
will then return to the value of MR with the time constant established by the integral time (TI). Since the
default value of TI is 100 min., it should be reduced (e.g. 0.01 min) when using this controller type. The
TI Time Constant is selected for the rate at which the controller should return to normal operation after
switching from manual to auto. Bear in mind that the TI time in the PD Controller is not an integral time
and does not affect control stability.
If the derivative time TD is set equal to 0.0, the derivative section is eliminated.
Equations
O = GE + R
MR
AUTO R =
TIs + 1
MANUAL R = F - GE ∴ O = F
IF MRT = YES MR = F
PV
+
TDs
+
TD
DG s + 1
+/-
+ Output
PG
GE
+/- +
R
SP 1
MR
TI s + 1
F X02879S0
ID Controller
The ID controller is an integral only controller which uses external feedback to establish integral action.
The gain for this controller is fixed at a value of 1.00. While the displayed gain can be changed, it will not
affect the controller.
Equations
GE + F
O=
TIs + 1
TDs 1
O = +/-PG[P(1+ )-S] + [ ]
(TD/DG)s + 1 TIs
MANUAL O=F
Block Diagram, ID Controller
PV
+
TDs
+
TD
s+1
DG
+/-
+ 1 Output
GE TI s + 1
+/- +
SP F
X02880S0
TRANSMITTER ID BLOCK
- Tag................................................................Unique 8 character identification
- Descriptor ......................................................16 character description of transmitter
- Message ........................................................32 character transmitter message
- DD/MM/YY..................................................Enter day, month, and year in register
- User ID Number ............................................24 bit Unsigned Integer (0 to 16777215)
- Short Address ................................................0 to 15 (0 = Analog Mode, 1 to 15 = Digital Mode)
OUTPUT BLOCK
- Failsafe Level.................................................HI, LO, Last Value
ALARM BLOCK
- Alarms 1 and 2...............................................Enable or Disable
- Alarms 1 and 2...............................................Setpoint
- Alarms 1 and 2...............................................Low or High
- Self Clearing Naks..........................................On or Off
- Alarms Out Of Service ...................................On or Off
CONTROLLER BLOCK
- Controller ON/OFF.........................................Turn Controller ON or OFF
- Controller Type ..............................................Select PID, ID, or PD
- Controller Action ............................................Select Direct or Reverse
- Proporational Gain ..........................................Range from 0.01 to 100.0
- Integral Time..................................................Range from 0.01 to 1000.0 minutes/repeat
- Derivative Time..............................................Range from 0.00 to 100.0 minutes
- Derivative Gain ..............................................Range from 1.00 to 30.0
- Manual Reset.................................................Range from 0.0 to 100.0%
- Manual Reset Track.......................................Yes or No
Transmitter Tag
Damping
Descriptor
Message
Zero/Span
Sensor Block
User ID No.
Meas. Variables
Units Short Address
Transmitter ID Block
Normalization
X02881S1
Alarm
ON OFF Comparator Setpoint
No. 1 Alarm 1
PV
Set SP
PID
Point
F Alarm
Comparator Setpoint
No. 2 Alarm 2
A/M
Alarm Status
ON OFF
D to A Converter
Process Variable Range
This Appendix contains four Figures that present wiring and barrier selection information for installation of
a Model Series 344 Transmitter in a hazardous location. Refer to the barrier manufacturer’s installation
instructions and the following Figures when installing or servicing a Transmitter in a hazardous location.
The installer should carefully select barriers based on the required protection, loop wiring, manufacturer’s
barrier performance data, and the data in the following Figures. Entity parameters are stated in Figure B-
1.
FIGURE B-1 Model 344 Hazardous Location Installation (Dwg. 15032-3441, Sheet 1 of 4)
FIGURE B-3 Model 344, Hazardous Location Installation (Dwg. 15032-3441, Sheet 3 of 4)
FIGURE B-4 Model 344, Intrinsically Safe Installation of Model 344 with Modell 772R
(Dwg. 15032-3441, Sheet 4 of 4)
WARRANTY
The Company warrants all equipment manufactured by it and bearing its nameplate, and all repairs made by it, to be
free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. If any part of the equipment herein
described, and sold by the Company, proves to be defective in material or workmanship and if such part is within
twelve months from date of shipment from the Company's factory, returned to such factory, transportation charges
prepaid, and if the same is found by the Company to be defective in material or workmanship, it will be replaced or
repaired, free of charge, f.o.b. Company's factory. The Company assumes no liability for the consequence of its use
or misuse by Purchaser, his employees or others. A defect in the meaning of this warranty in any part of said
equipment shall not, when such part is capable of being renewed, repaired or replaced, operate to condemn such
equipment. This warranty is expressly in lieu of all other warranties, guaranties, obligations, or liabilities, expressed or
implied by the Company or its representatives. All statutory or implied warranties other than title are hereby expressly
negated and excluded.
Warranty repair or replacement requires the equipment to be returned to one of the following addresses.
The warranty will be null and void if repair is attempted without authorization by MOORE PRODUCTS CO.
344BNNN1G 15965-1114
344BN5N1G 15965-1115
Notes:
• Refer to Model 344 User’s Manual UM344-2 before servicing the transmitter.
• See drawings on following page for transmitter disassembly and Item number reference.
• An * identifies a recommended on-hand spare part. When ordering a spare or replacement part, provide the
transmitter’s complete model number, serial number and other nameplate information.
UMA344-2-1
Issue: 1
March 1996
UM344-2, Issue 1, September 1995, XTC™ Transmitters, Series 344 Temperature Transmitters, User’s Manual
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
The wiring diagram on the next page is for a Model 344 Transmitter-Controller configured for controller operation
(controller function block ON and short address set to 0 for analog mode operation). This drawing, Figure 4-2a,
amends the information in Section 4, Installation.
CONTROLLER MODE INSTALLATION WIRING UMA344-2-1
See Note 5
Notes:
1. I/P device examples are: Transducer Model 77, 771, 772R or 773 and Valve Positioner Model 750E
or 760E. The I/P can be either a HART or non-HART signalling device, a Primary Master or a
Secondary Master.
The System Power Supply is shown as a separate device. In practice, it may be part of a network
device.
2. Network resistance equals the sum of any barrier resistances and the current sense resistor.
Minimum value 250 Ohms; maximum value 1100 Ohms.
3. Connect the MXC (a Secondary Master) to the loop only in the non-hazardous location. The MXC
is a non-polar device.
4. Interconnect all cable shields and ground only at the power source.
7. Install a HART communication filter when using a Model 77, 771, 750E or other high impedance
coil-type device. The filter bypasses HART signals around the high Z device.
FIGURE 4-2a Model 344 Connections, Controller Function Block ON (Analog Mode)
2
USER’S MANUAL ADDENDUM
UMA344-2-2
Issue: 1
March 1997
Ex N INSTALLATION CONDITION
UM344-2, Issue 1, XTC™ Transmitters, Series 344 Temperature Transmitters, User’s Manual
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
The voltage at the loop terminals of a Model 344 installed in an area requiring an Ex N rating must be prevented from
exceeding 42 Vdc. This can be accomplished by:
• A double wound mains transformer to BS3535 or equivalent
• An adequately rated zener diode
• An adequately rated semiconductor voltage regulator
• Powering the loop from a battery