MODULE 12

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

HUMAN BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

Author: Zarina A. Almazar

Grade Level
Illustrators: Jhucel A. del Rosario

11/12
Michael Joseph A. Lapid
Renato D. Ruz, Jr.
Layout Artist: Felipe Ryan S. Duatin
UCSP SELF-LEARNING KIT

Self-Learning Module for Grade 11/12

SOCIAL SCIENCE
12
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Hello, our dear student! Welcome…

I’m Teacher Victoria

I’m Teacher Kenneth

Are you ready to BEGIN your

journey with this module?
Well, it’s time to TAKE STEPS to your
quest for KNOWLEDGE. Have FUN!

ENGAGE with the Module

Here are some reminders as you use this module:

 Use the module with care especially in turning each page.
 Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving on to the
Self-Learning Kit (SLK) Proper.
 Read and comprehend the directions in every exercise.
 Observe honesty in answering the tests and exercises and in
checking your answers.
 Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this material.
 Try to finish a given activity before proceeding to the next.
 ESTABLISH Your Purpose

What can you expect to find in this module?

You will discover specific tasks which will test your
knowledge and understanding of the topic discussed in
this module.

In

This module serves as a self-learning material to guide

you in understanding target competency expected in
the curriculum.

UCSP11/12HBS-Ie-12

Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern

humans
You will find that the presented activities / exercises and texts
are developed in order to meet the following objectives:

Objective 1

Identify the stages of human biological evolution from Homo habilis (or
earlier) to Homo sapiens sapiens.

Objective 2

Analyze how human survive to adapt in their environment.

Objective 3

Value the development of human to adapt to their environment.

EXPLORE What You Know

PRE - TEST

Read the following items carefully. Shade the

circle that corresponds to the letter of your
answer.

1. Evolution of human became an important concern in the emergence of

different societies. How does the first human different from any other
hominid species?
A. They used tools.
B. They had large brains.
C. They used and controlled fire.
D. They used symbolic thought.

2. Which of the following statements can describe evolution according to

Banaag?

A. The progress of the society.

B. The natural process of biological process.
C. The change of populations through time.
D. The change of simple to complex organisms.

3. The following statements are best describe human evolution. Which of

the following statements cannot describe human evolution?

A. Large brain
B. Use tool
C. Upright stature
D. The ability to live in groups.
 MODULE 12
EXPLORE What You Know

4. Which of the following statement is true about adaptation and

adjustments?

A. Adaptation may be biologically inherited.

B. Adjustments served as the onset of their culture
C. Adjustments refers to cultural response to an environmental
extremes.
D. Adjustments and adaptation are both equally to occur in response
to mild short-term environmental stresses.

5. Which of the following statements is true in adapting environment?

A. Adaptability to specific environmental stresses rarely varies from
person to person.
B. Human normally exposed to about the same sort of environmental
stresses.
C. Our cultural technology has allowed us to adapt to new
environments without having to first evolve biological adaptations.
D. Genetic adaptation and the various types of adjustments to
environmental stresses are always distinct phenomena.

Before you proceed to your journey,

CHECK your answers using the key to corrections
found at the last page of this module.
Thank you for your PATIENCE and HONESTY.
EMPOWER Your Skills

WELCOME to the heart of this module.

I, Teacher Victoria, with Teacher Kenneth,
will be with you every step of the way.
Have a happy journey.
In

A. DECODING WORDS

Use the letters from the box below with their

corresponding numbers to decode the hidden words.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

H U ____ N
A ____
M ____
1. ____ ____
8 21 13 1 14

2. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

8 15 13 15 14 9 4

3. ____ ____ ____ ____

12 21 3 25

4. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
8 15 13 15 8 1 2 9 12 9 19
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

5. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

8 15 13 15 19 1 16 9 5 14

6. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

5 22 15 12 21 20 9 15 14

7. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

3 8 9 13 16 26

8. ____ ____ ____ - ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

3 18 15 13 1 7 14 15 14

9. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
8 15 13 15 5 18 5 3 20 21 19

10. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
14 5 1 14 4 5 18 20 8 1 12

B. HIPS DON’T LIE

Take a look at these picture below. Give at least four (4) characteristics that you
observe in each picture.

CHIMPZ LUCY HUMAN

 EMPOWER Your Skill

CHIMPZ LUCY CHIMPZ

HUMAN
1.__________________ 1.__________________ 1.__________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
2. 2. 2.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
3.__________________ 3.__________________ 3.__________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
4. 4. 4.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

THINK TWICE!

Based on the previous activity, answer the following

questions.

1. Based on the picture in hips don’t lie how do you define evolution?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

2. How does early human to modern human differ from one another?
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3. Explain what makes early human beings an important component in the

development of early society?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. Why do you think human need to go through changes and evolved?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
EMPOWER Your Skills

5. Choose one characteristic of early human which you think would

still be used and/or developed in the modern times? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Great job! Thank you for your responses.

Your learning experience has just started.
We hope you are ready to EXPLORE more!
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

HUMAN ORIGINS

ON FOCUS Examine the picture. What does it

represents? How does it explain man’s
development? It is common understanding
that change is the only permanent things is
this world. Every living things is dynamic
and, as such, undergoes transformation.
Likewise, man as the most important
component of society, goes through
evolutionary changes that help him adapt to
his environment. Thus, his adaptation
started the formation of society as well as
cultural development which is essential for
Hello our dear student
survival.
In this part of your All the human’s social drives developed long
journey, We provide before he developed intellectually.
something for you to Therefore, they are, instinctive. Such
read to deepen your
instincts as mother-love, compassion,
understanding about
cooperation, curiosity, inventiveness and
the topic.
competitiveness are ancient and embedded
Please do it with in the human.
comprehension to They were all necessary for the
discover knowledge survival of the human and pre-human
that will help you out in (www.onlife.com). Hence, man’s
dealing with the next progression and characteristics are
phase of your quest. essential in understanding the capability for
adaptation.
HAPPY READING!
EMPOWER Your Skills

Evolution is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a

population across successive generations (Banaag, 2012, p. 31). More so, the
evolution of man became an important concern in the emergence of difference
societies. Early man’s development serves as an avenue in analyzing the
process of our society.

Homonid Ancestor of Modern Human and their Characteristics

Stages of Human Evolution

Homonid (Manlike Primates). The development of the

different species of primates which were able to evolve in
40 million years ago. There have been various relics of
hominids which could be described as manlike primates.

Subspecies:
a. “Ramapithecus”. This hominid believed to have live 14 million years
whose remains could stand upright and used stones and sticks to frighten
his enemies. This kind of species was found by Mrs. Mary Leaky at the
volcanic ash of Laetolil, Tanzania, East Africa in 1975.
b. “Lucy”. The American archeologist, Donald C. Johanson discovered a
whole skeleton of a teenage girl at Hadar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
c. “Australopithecus”. Believed to live in Africa about 5 million years ago.
He had small brain but could walk straight and used simple tools.

Physical Characteristics of Homonid

- Apelike face proportions (a flat nose, a strongly projecting lower jaw).
- Small brain, usually less than 500 cubic centimeters-1/3 the size of a
modern human brain.
- Long, strong arms with curved fingers adapted for climbing trees.
- Could stand upright.
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

Homo Habilis. The apelike man used stone tools as weapons

and protection of their enemies. This species is recognized to
be the first true human. The species name means “Handy
Man.” Live about 2.4 to 1.4 years ago scavenging for food.
Subspecies:
a. “Zinjanthropus”. The physical description of this
specie was about 4 feet and could walked upright with small brain. He
used crude stone weapons for protections against predators. This was
discovered by Dr. Louis S.B. Leaky (Husband of Mrs. Mary Leaky) in
Olduva Gorge, Tanzania, East Africa in 1999 which believed to lived
about 1.75 million years ago.
b. “Lake Turkana” (“1470 Man”). This specie was about 5 feet tall and
walked upright. He used more refined stone tools with a brain double size
of a chimpanzee’s brain. This was excavated in Lake Turkana, Kenya,
East Africa by Dr. Richard Leakey (The son of the famous Dr. and Mrs.
Leakey) in 1972 which considered by a shattered skull and leg bones.

Homo Erectus. It was believed to be the first manlike creature that live about
500,000 years ago in Asia, Africa and Europe. This manlike
specie could walk straight with almost the same brain with
modern man. This specie name means “Upright Man”.
They were the first hunters with improvised tools such as
axes and knives, and were the first to produce fire and
adapted to hot climates.
Subspecies:
a. “Pithecanthropus Erectus” (“Java Man”). This was discovered by
Eugene Dubois at Trinil, Java, Indonesia in 1891 which was the called
the “Java Man”. The physical characteristics of this homo erectus were
about 5 feet tall, could walk erect, heavy and chinless jaw, hairy body of
modern man.
b. “Sinanthropus Pekinensis” (‘Peking Man”). This homo erectus specie
was discovered at Choukontien village, Beijing, China in 1929. This was
about 5’ 2” tall, could walk upright, and the brain almost as large as the
modern human which believed to live 500,000 years ago.
EMPOWER Your Skills

Homo Sapien (Wise Man). It was believed that this was

the direct descendant of modern human which lived about
250,000 years ago. They had similar physical description
with modern man. They originated as the primitive men
whose activities were largely dependent on hunting,
fishing, and agriculture. They buried dead, used hand
tools, and had religion.
Subspecies:
a. Neanderthal Man. It was discovered in the cave of Neanderthal valley
near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856. It was believed to
appear in the high temperate zone in Europe and Asia
about 70,000 years ago. They had physical
characteristics as heavily built with powerful jaws,
brutish and primitively intelligent. They usually lived in
cave and dependent in hunting and fishing. They had
religious belief and more advanced than the homo erectus.

b. Cro Magnon Man. This subspecies also known as

the Homo sapiens sapiens. This was stronger homo
sapien than the Neanderthal which was discovered
by French archeologist Louis Lartet in the Cro
Magnon Cave at Ley Eyzies in Southern France. It
was believed to live in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Specifically, their remains have been found in
Western Asia including Italy, Spain, France and Russia and all areas over
Africa. They were about 5 feet and 11 inches with more developed brain
than their predecessor. They were the first produce art in cave paintings
and crafting decorated tools and accessories.

ON FOCUS
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

COMPLETE ME!

Based on the insight that you read a while ago.

Fill up the table below with the correct information. Identify the
characteristics of each species.

Species Characteristics
Homo habilis

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens sapiens

EMPOWER Your Skills

MY POINT OF VIEW

Since you have learned about evolution. Write a short paragraph about
how human evolve to adapt in their environment.

Human evolve through _______________

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

How was your learning experience so far?

We hope that you had a great journey.
We believe that you did it well!
In
 MODULE 12
EMPOWER Your Skills

I REFLECT!

Read the quotation below. Reflect on the message it brings.

Evolution tells us where

we came from, not where
we can go…
Jerry Coyne

Based on the quotation, I learned that _______________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
ENHANCE Your Understanding

POST - TEST
Read the following items carefully. Shade the
circle that corresponds to the letter of your
answer.

1. Most scientist currently recognized some 15 to 20 different species of

early human. Which of the following statements can describe evolution
according to Banaag?

A. The progress of the society.

B. The change of populations through time.
C. The natural process of biological process.
D. The change of simple to complex organisms.

2. Early man’s development serves as an avenue in analyzing the progress

of our society. The following is considered as a characteristics of human
evolution except:

A. They have large brain

B. Early human used tools
C. They stand up straight.
D. The have the ability to live in groups.

3. Man as the most important component of society, goes through

evolutionary changes that help him adapt to his environment. Which of
the following statement can describe about adaptation and adjustments?

A. Adaptation may be biologically inherited.

B. Adjustments served as the onset of their culture
C. Adjustments refers to cultural response to an environmental
extremes.
D. Adjustments and adaptation are both equally to occur in response
to mild short-term environmental stresses.
 MODULE 12
ENHANCE Your Understanding

4. All of the human’s social drives developed long before he developed

intellectually. They are instinctive, compassion, and curiosity and
embedded in the human. Which of the following statements can describe
how human adapt in their environment?

A. Adaptability to specific environmental stresses rarely varies from

person to person.
B. Human normally exposed to about the same sort of environmental
stresses.
C. Our cultural technology has allowed us to adapt to new
environments without having to first evolve biological adaptations.
D. Genetic adaptation and the various types of adjustments to
environmental stresses are always distinct phenomena.

5. Evolution of human became an important concern in the emergence of

different societies. How does the first human different from any other
hominid species?

A. They used tools.

B. They had large brains.
C. They used and controlled fire.
D. They used symbolic thought.

GREAT JOB!
CHECK your answers using the key to
corrections found at the last page of this module.
Thank you for your HONESTY.

In
Performance Check

PERFORMANCE CHECK

PERFORMANCE CHECK

Happy face with two thumbs-up if you got three to

five (3-5) in the post test. CONGRATULATIONS!
You may now proceed to your next journey with
another module.

Sad face if you got two and below in the post test.
You need to study the whole lesson and take the
EXTEND Your Learning Activity.

You are now ready to take a lift on to the next

part of your journey. We hope what you have
learned in the previous parts of this material
eventually help you face new task. BEST OF LUCK.

In
 MODULE 12
EXTEND Your Learning

IDEA WEB

Form a triad; then work on the following activity.

Use the idea web to summarize what you have learned
about human evolution. You may add some circles if you need to do so.

Human
evolution
ANSWER KEY

THAT WAS GREAT!

To know how well you made it, take a look
on the correct answers below.
In

PRE-TEST DECODING

1. A 1. HUMAN
2. B 2. HOMINID
3. D 3. LUCY
4. A 4. HOMO HABILIS
5. C 5. HOMO SAPIEN
6. EVOLUTION
7. CHIMPZ
8. CRO- MAGNON
POST-TEST 9. HOMO ERECTUS
1. C 10. NEANDERTHAL
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A