Table 3: Plane Geometry Definitions, Theorems, Facts, Properties and Terminology

(Almost?
) Everything a 2 Unit Student Needs For The HSC Examination

(An Unofficial List of Things to Memorise)
Table 3: Plane geometry definitions, theorems, facts, properties

and terminology
Angles, including those associated with parallel lines and transversals
The sum of the angles in a right angle is 90o.
The sum of the angles in a straight angle is 180o.
Three points are collinear if they form a straight angle.
The sum of angles about a point is 360o.
When two lines meet, vertically opposite angles are equal.
Alternate angles on parallel lines are equal.
Corresponding angles on parallel lines are equal.
Co-interior angles on parallel lines are supplementary.
Two lines are parallel if a pair of alternate angles are equal.
Two lines are parallel if a pair of corresponding angles are equal.
Two lines are parallel if a pair of co-interior angles are supplementary.

If a family of parallel lines cuts equal intercepts on one transversal, then it does so on all
transversals.
Parallel lines preserve ratios of intercepts on transversals.
Triangles
The longest side in a triangle is opposite the largest angle and the shortest side is opposite the
smallest angle.
For a triangle to exist, the sum of the two shorter sides in a triangle must be greater than the
longest side.
The interior angle sum of a triangle is 180o.
A scalene triangle is a triangle with no two sides equal in length.
An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides equal in length.
An equilateral triangle is a triangle with all three sides equal in length.
The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles.
Page 8
(Almost?) Everything a 2 Unit Student Needs For The HSC Examination
The angles opposite equal sides of a triangle are equal.
The sides opposite equal angles of a triangle are equal.
All angles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle are 60o.

Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other
triangle. (The SSS Test)
Two triangles are congruent if two sides of one triangle are equal to two sides of the other
triangle and the angles included by these sides are equal. (The SAS Test)
Two triangles are congruent if two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of the other
triangle and one pair of corresponding sides is equal. (The AAS Test)
Two right-angled triangles are congruent if their hypotenuses are equal and a pair of sides is
also equal. (The RHS Test)
Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of the other
triangle.
Two triangles are similar if the ratios of two pairs of corresponding sides are equal and the
angles included by these sides are equal.
Two triangles are similar if the ratios of the three pairs of sides are equal.
Two triangles are similar if the hypotenuse and a second side of a right-angled triangle are
proportional to the hypotenuse and a second side of another right-angled triangle.
An interval parallel to a side of a triangle divides the other sides in the same ratio.
An interval joining the midpoints of the sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half
its length.
In a right angled triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on
the other two sides.
A triangle is right-angled if the square on the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares
on the other two sides.
Quadrilaterals
The angle sum of a quadrilateral is 360o.
Definitions and properties for the special quadrilaterals
A trapezium is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of opposite sides parallel.

A kite is a quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides equal.
Properties of a kite:
One diagonal of a kite bisects the other diagonal
One diagonal of a kite bisects the opposite angles
The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular
A kite has one axis of symmetry
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
Properties of a parallelogram:
The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel
The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
Page 9
The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
A rhombus is a parallelogram with two adjacent sides equal in length.
Properties of a rhombus:
The opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel
All sides of a rhombus are equal
The opposite angles of a rhombus are equal
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect the opposite angles
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other
The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular
A rhombus has two axes of symmetry
A rectangle is a parallelogram with one angle a right angle.
Properties of a rectangle:
The opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel
The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal
All angles at the vertices of a rectangle are 90o
The diagonals of a rectangle are equal
The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other
A rectangle has two axes of symmetry
A square is a rectangle with a pair of adjacent sides equal.
Properties of a square:
Opposite sides of a square are parallel
All sides of a square are equal
All angles at the vertices of a square are 90o
The diagonals of a square are equal
The diagonals of a square bisect the opposite angles
The diagonals of a square bisect each other
The diagonals of a square are perpendicular
A square has four axes of symmetry
Tests for special quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a trapezium if:
It has one pair of parallel sides
A quadrilateral is a kite if:
Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal
or
The diagonals meet at right angles and one of them is bisected by the other
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
or
both pairs of opposite sides are equal
or
both pairs of opposite angles are equal
or
the diagonals bisect each other (i.e. the diagonals have the same midpoint)
or
one pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel
Page 10
A quadrilateral is a rhombus if:

all sides are equal
or
diagonals bisect each other at right angles
or
the diagonals bisect the angles at the vertices
or
a pair of adjacent sides are equal and opposite angles are equal
A quadrilateral is a rectangle if:
the diagonals are equal and they bisect each other
or
it has three right angles
or
it has two pairs of parallel sides and one right angle
or
it has two pairs of opposite sides equal and one right angle
A quadrilateral is a square if:
it has four equal sides and one right angle
or
the diagonals are equal, bisect each other and meet at right angles
Polygons
The angle sum of a n -sided polygon is (n 2) 180 .
The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360o.
A regular polygon has all sides equal and all interior angles equal.
Page 11

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(Almost?

) Everything a 2 Unit Student Needs For The HSC Examination

Table 3: Plane geometry definitions, theorems, facts, properties

The sum of the angles in a right angle is 90o.

The sum of the angles in a straight angle is 180o.

Three points are collinear if they form a straight angle.

The sum of angles about a point is 360o.

When two lines meet, vertically opposite angles are equal.

Alternate angles on parallel lines are equal.

Corresponding angles on parallel lines are equal.

Co-interior angles on parallel lines are supplementary.

Two lines are parallel if a pair of alternate angles are equal.

Two lines are parallel if a pair of corresponding angles are equal.

Two lines are parallel if a pair of co-interior angles are supplementary.

A scalene triangle is a triangle with no two sides equal in length.

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides equal in length.

An equilateral triangle is a triangle with all three sides equal in length.

The angles opposite equal sides of a triangle are equal.

The sides opposite equal angles of a triangle are equal.

All angles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle are 60o.

The angle sum of a quadrilateral is 360o.

Definitions and properties for the special quadrilaterals

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of opposite sides parallel.

The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal

A quadrilateral is a rhombus if:

The angle sum of a n -sided polygon is (n 2) 180 .

The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360o.

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