Weld Strength and Design PDF

WELD STRENGTH
AND
DESIGN
1. Objectives
2. Introduction and Weld Design Aspects
3. Types of Loading
4. Examples of Equations in Welded Joint
Calculations
5. Problem
2
Introduction
1. A weld design - may require strength
only or strength plus rigidity.
2. Sufficient strength - needs to prevent
failure by breaking or yielding when
subjected to usual operating loads or
reasonable overloads.
The permissible working stresses in the
welds depend on the following factors;
i. Loading conditions
 Static, dynamic, alternating, etc.

ii. Type of weld
 Groove weld, fillet weld, etc

iii. Shape of weld
 Convex or concave weld

iv. Surface finish of the weld
 Welded, ground, or machined, etc

v. Method of producing the weld
 Welding procedure, PWHT, peening, etc
STRENGTH OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
1. A welded connection can be designed

and fabricated to have;
i. A strength that matches or exceeds that of
the steel it joins.
ii. Destruction or failure loaded would occur in
the base material.
2. A connection that duplicates the base
metal capacity is not always necessary.
Strength of welded connections
3. Strength of welded connection depends on:
i. Weld metal strength
ii. Area of weld that resists the load
4. Welded connection strength reflects the
combination of weld metal strength and
cross-section area.
5. The area of the weld metal that resists fracture is
the product of the theoretical throat multiplied by
the length.
6. The theoretical weld throat is defined as the
minimum distance from the root of the weld to
its theoretical face.
Weld Design Standards :
• AS/NZS 1554.1: Structural steel welding

‐Welding of steel structures
• AS 1554.2: Structural steel welding ‐
- Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
• AS/NZS 1554.5: Structural steel welding

‐ Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
Design Requirement
1. The parent material must be ductile, or notch‐tough,
at the service temperature intended and for the
thickness required
2. The details of joints must be such that stress
concentrations are minimized
3. Reduction of ductility by triaxial stressing should be
avoided at critical joints
4. Weld defects should be below the
specified maximum size
5. Welded fabrication should not substantially
alter material properties.
Joint Design of Butt Welds
1. Complete penetration butt weld

Which fusion exists between the weld and parent
metal throughout the complete depth of the joint.
2. Incomplete penetration butt weld

Which fusion exists over less than the
complete depth of the joint.
1. If using filler metal with strength levels ≤
the base metal - the theoretical failure
plane is through the weld throat.
2. When using filler metal with a strength level
≥ the base metal - the failure plane
may shift into the fusion boundary or
heat-affected zone.
TYPES OF LOADING
There are five basics of loading;

1. Tension
2. Compression
3. Bending
4. Shear
5. Torsion
TENSION
1. Pure tension loading is generally the

simplest type of loading from the standpoint
of design and analysis.
2. The axial tensile load causes axial strains
and elongation.
3. The presence of residual stress does not
necessarily reduce the UTS of the bar.
Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds
Example 1
There are two 50 mm plates to be welded

together with butt joint. Using AWS value of
allowable stress for steel, determine the
maximum thickness of the plate. If the joint is
subjected to tensile load of 69 kN.
(Note: AWS allowable stress is 138 N/mm2
Ans : 10 mm
Example 2
Determine the maximum tensile load (P), if
weld throat is 6mm, weld length is 50mm.
Assume allowable shear strength 125 N/mm2.
Example 3
Determine the weld throat if maximum

tensile load is 100kN, weld length is 60mm.
Assume allowable shear strength 125
N/mm2.
Exercise
A plate with 50 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is to be
welded to another plate by means of parallel fillet welds.
The plates are subjected to a load of 50 kN Find the
length of the weld. Assume allowable shear strength is
56 MPa.
Answer =50.5 mm
Exercise

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WELD STRENGTH

1. A welded connection can be designed

• AS/NZS 1554.1: Structural steel welding

• AS/NZS 1554.5: Structural steel welding

1. Complete penetration butt weld

2. Incomplete penetration butt weld

There are five basics of loading;

1. Pure tension loading is generally the

There are two 50 mm plates to be welded

Determine the weld throat if maximum

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