ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to my Geography teacher, Mrs. NazneenKhwaja, for her active support and necessary
guidance in preparation of this project on “Conservation of Wildlife in India”.I am thankful to my
parents for providing me with constant help and necessary support in making this project. They have
always been with me when in doubt and pointed me in the right direction and patiently answered all
the queries that I had during preparation of the project. This project has provided me with a deep
insight into the alarming situation of the wildlife in India being exploited and the necessary steps and
actions being taken for their conservation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl. No. Contents Page No. Signature

 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.
Figure Description Page No. Signature
No.
INTRODUCTION:
Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticatedanimal species, but has come to include
all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an area without
being introduced by humans.

Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other
areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in
popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors,  most scientists agree
that much wildlife is affected by human activities.

The term wildlife was introduced by WillionHornaday in 1913 in his book "our vanishing wildlife".
Wildlife is commonly respired to represent the non-domesticated animals living in natural habitats
like forests. In simple world, wildlife means non-domesticated animals found in wild without the
caring of human beings.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The aim of the project is to research on wildlife conservation and the efforts undertaken in India to
conserve wildlife. The objective is to understand the necessity for conservation of wildlife and the
protection of potentially endangered species from being extinct.

WHAT IS WILDLIFE CONSERVATION?

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and
their habitats. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future
generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans
and other species alike. Additionally, wildlife conservation aims to raise awareness regarding the
importance of wildlife and wilderness. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's
dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife.
Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation
causes.

Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects
of human activity on wildlife. Today, there are now government bureaus and organizations that
help promote different wildlife conservation areas. The government also aims to implement
certain policies that are specifically created to protect the animals.
It is essential to take actions to protect wildlife from extinction. By doing so, we do not only
ensure their survival, but also the diversity of the ecosystem. As a result, it will help improve the
ecological health of the earth.

HOW IS WILDLIFE ENDANGERED IN INDIA?

Since this project is concerned only with the wildlife conservation in India, the reasons for wildlife
destruction in India only has been discussed here.
India is a bio-diverse country, with nearly 6.5% of the world's known wildlife species. Approximately,
7.6% of the world's mammals and 12.6% of the world's birds are found in India.  The illicit demand,
globally, for wildlife and its products has seen the rise of wildlife crime across the subcontinent.

In India, wildlife crime is a pervasive problem damaging ecosystems, impacting food security and
affecting livelihoods of rural communities. In many cases, cross-border smuggling of live animals and
plants can result in the spread of disease through carrier animals and plants.Major wildlife crime in
India includes poaching of tigers, rhinos and the sale of Star tortoises. Tigers are an endangered
species, poached for their skin and bones to cater to an illegal market. Their body parts are used in
Asian medicines and tiger claws are used in jewellery. Tiger whiskers are considered a dreadful
poison in Malaysia and a powerful aphrodisiac in Indonesia.

Ancient trade routes for salt, spices and wool are being used to smuggle tiger skins and bones.
These illegal goods are sent to buyers based largely in northern India and are then smuggled out of
the country through couriers. The main route is via Nepal, with whom India has a porous border, or
directly across the border to China. More recently, routes through Myanmar have also been used.

Apart from tigers, India is also witnessing a rise in wildlife crime against Rhinoceros. Driven by a
soaring demand for their horn, hundreds of rhinos are being killed, illegally. According to a report  by
TRAFFIC and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), sophisticated poachers
are using veterinary drugs, poison, cross bows and high calibre weapons to kill rhinos.

The Indian rhino could once be found from Pakistan, all the way through India, Nepal, Bangladesh,
Bhutan and Myanmar. However, the current population of this species is dwindling and today only
about 2500 survive in India and Nepal.

It is not only large mammals, but also smaller species that are under threat. Star tortoises from
South India are illegally traded in huge numbers. Due to their popularity in Feng Shui, they are kept
as pets, believed to bring prosperity and can cost as much as $500 in the illegal market. Many
protected marine species such as sea cucumbers, molluscs, sea horses and coral are also illegally
harvested in Indian waters for export.

In India, the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is a strong legislation that covers wildlife crime. However,
the implementation and enforcement needs to be strengthened in order to curb this transnational
crime.

The four most general reasons that lead to destruction of wildlife include overkill, habitat
destruction andfragmentation, impact of introduced species and chains of extinction.
Major dangers to wildlife:
Fewer natural wildlife habitat areas remain each year. Moreover, the habitat that remains has often
been degraded to bear little resemblance to the wild areas which existed in the past.Habitat loss—
due to destruction, fragmentation and degradation of habitat—is the primary threat to the survival
of wildlife in India. The other reasons posing danger to wildlife are as follows:

a) Climate change: Drought, rainfall and flooding cause dangerous changes to the landscape,

adding stress to wildlife species and their habitat. Every year, many animals die due to
abrupt climatic changes.
b) Unregulated Hunting and poaching: Unregulated hunting and poaching causes a major
threat to wildlife. Along with this, mis-management of forest department and forest guards
triggers this problem.
c) Pollution: Pollutants released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of
organisms. Pesticides and toxic chemical being widely used, making the environment toxic to
certain plants, insects, and rodents.
d) Perhaps the largest threat is the extreme growing indifference of the public to wildlife,
conservation and environmental issues in general. Over-exploitation of resources, i.e.,
exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing and
over-grazing for example).
e) Over exploitation of wildlife resources by people for food, clothing, pets, medicine, sport and
many other purposes is becoming a grave danger to sustenance of wild life.
f) Population: The increasing population of human beings is the most major threat to wildlife.
More people means more consumption of food,water and fuel. Therefore,more waste is
generated. Every major threat to wildlife as seen above, is directly related to increasing
population of human beings. If the population is altered so is the amount of risk to wildlife.
The less is the population, less is the disturbance to wildlife.

Top 10 Most Endangered Wild Animal Species of India:

All animals and birds in India are rated as critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable
(VU). Mainly endangered animals in India are the big cats family which includessnow leopard, Bengal
tiger and Asiatic Lion. Other endangered animals are Purple Frog or Pig nose Frog,Great Indian
Vulture,Indian giant squirrel,Giant Indian Fruit Bat,Great birds and King Cobra. Some of the extinct
animals of India includes Asiatic Cheetah,Pink headed duck and Indian aurochs.

Indian Tiger
The members of Felide family,which includes three great cats namely, Asiatic Lion,Bengal Tigers,wild
cats and leopard, found in India are dwindling population, Because of excessive poaching, big cats in
India are on the verge of extinction. There were only 1411 Royal Bengal Tigers left in India as per the
Tiger Census in 2008. The Asiatic or the great Indian lion is only found in the Gir national park. One of
the most endangered species of felide family is the snow leopard which is found only in Himalayan
Ranges.
Indian Dolphin
The Ganges River Dolphin is member of Cetaceafamily,which includes marine mammals porpoises
and whales. Dolphins are primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries
in India. They share their habitat with crocodiles, fresh water turtles. The blind Dolphin of holy river
Ganges is the National Aquatic Animal of India.The Indian RiverShark is also listed as one of the
endangered Species in India.

Gharial
The gharial is one of the three crocodilians found in India and is the longest of all living crocodilians.
The holy river Ganges is one the important habitat of the Gharial in India, It is also found in
Chambal,Irrawady and Brahmaputra rivers. The gharial is listed as a most critically endangered
species in India. Mass gharial deaths in the Chambal river is still a mystery which is assumed to be
caused by polluted river water.
The Great Indian Bustard
The Great Indian bustard is one of the world’s heaviest flying birds and is also the rarest in the Indian
sub-continent. It is found only in some parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. Less than a
thousand survive today and the species is threatened by hunting and loss of its habitat. The Indian
Vulture is another endangered bird of India, The Indian King Vulture is found mainly in Gujarat,
Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

Indian Rhinoceros
The Great Indian Rhinoceros also called as One Horned Rhinoceros is found in India. The Indian
Rhinoceros has a single black horn which is present in both male and female species. The Great
Indian Rhinoceros is the fourth largest animal in the world. The large endangered mammal is
primarily found in parts of north-eastern India, Today about 3,000 rhinos live in the wild, 2,000 of
which are found in Manas and Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Excessive hunting for its horn,
reduced their natural habitat drastically.

Black Buck
Black Buck also known as Kala Hiran is a species of antelope found mainly in India. It is one of the
most beautiful and graceful animals of the antelope species in India. Due to extensive poaching and
habitat loss, black buck populations have been reduced drastically. The antelopes of India can be
seen in a few protected areas like the Guindy National Park, Tamil Nadu, Rollapadu, Andhra Pradesh
and Chilka (Orissa) other than few parts of Rajasthan and Haryana. Punjab has declared the Black
Buck as its state animal.
Indian Wild Ass
The Indian wild ass, also called Khur, is a subspecies of the Asiatic wild ass found only in the Rann of
Kutch. Its last refuge lies in the IndianWild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch and the surrounding
areas of the greater Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. Its estimated population is 362, hence it was classified
as a highly endangered species in India.

Indian Wild Dog

Indian Wild Dog or Dhole is one of the top predators of the wild forest,living in packs, hunting
cooperatively and are highly social animals.Dhole is found in the national parks of Assam, Bengal,
Gujarat, Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, and the Nilgiri Biosphere reserve of south India. It is estimated
that only 2500 Dholes are left in the wild. Threats to the dhole species include habitat destruction
and loss of its main prey.
Nilgiri Langur
The Nilgiri Langur found in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in South India. Its range also
includes Kodagu in Karnataka, Palani Hills in Tamil Nadu and many other hilly areas in Kerala. The
Nilgiri Black Langur is a member of one of the 13 species of monkeys found in India,which is
endangered due to deforestation and poaching for its fur and flesh. Indian golden langur is also falls
in the same category of endangered animals of India.

Red Panda
The beautiful and endangered species,Indian Red Panda is also known by the name of Red Fox. From
the two kinds of Red Pandas in the world, only one variety is found in India. India has 20 protected
areas in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal’s Khangchendzonga and Namdapha National
Park. The endangered Red Panda live in temperate climates, in deciduous and coniferous forests,
usually with an understorey of bamboo and hollow trees.

Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India:

India is a home to rich and diverse wildlife tours because of her wide range of climate, soil, weather
and other such factors. Owing to such diversity, equal number of rare as well as threatened animals
and plants are found that need to be protected. This leads to the need of much greater wildlife
conservation efforts in India. As per the survey India is a home to about 60-70% of the total
biodiversity found across the world and about 33% of plant species are endemic. There are 172, or
2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species in India. Under this comes the Asiatic Lion, the Indian
white-rumped vultures and the Bengal Tiger. This further enforces the need of right wildlife
conservation efforts in India.Last few decades have seen emergence of human encroachment to an
extent that has never been seen. This is one of the greatest threat to India's wildlife.
Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by the Government of India:
In order to overcome the result of human encroachment many national parks as well as protected
areas have been established so far and the first came in 1935. Also in 1972, to protect the tiger
and wildlife in India, the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard were enacted.Besides,
there is the Gir National Park, the only habitat for Asiatic lions in India. The Kaziranga Wildlife
Sanctuary is Assam is renowned for protecting the endangered one-horned Rhinoceros. There's also
Dachigam National Park, which conserves the Hangul or Kashmiri Stag.

To promote wildlife awareness among the people, the Indian government has started various
natural projects and programs such as Project Tiger, Nature Camps and Jungle Lodges. These
projects not only help to preserve our natural heritage, but encourage eco-tourism as well.

The other initiatives undertaken by the Government of India to conserve wildlife are as follows:

● The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to lessen the large-scale habitat destruction
caused by deforestation.
● India also indorsed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITIES) in 1976. As a result, ban was imposed on the commercial trading of
Asian elephants which involved the export of ivory.
● There has been a significant change in the Forest Department’s planning policy, which not
only brought an end to the alteration of first-growth forests into eucalyptus plantations, but
it also swung the importance from a commercially-centered forest management to the
conservation-centered forest management.
● The elephants have enjoyed an absolute protection in Uttar Pradesh, since the promulgation
of a Wild Elephant Protection Act 1879. The authorities are also putting their efforts to
instigate Rajaji National Park, Motichur and Chilla reserves.
● The Forest Department also compensated the families whose persons were killed by the
wild animals.
● The capturing of elephants has been superseded.
● A new conservation area was also established which was named as Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
covering 5,520 km2. This area protects elephants ranging from North of Palghat Gap in
Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Kerala.
● The Karnataka state government has decided to exclude tourist development on elephant
migration routes all throughout the Kabbini River.
Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by the NGOs:
There are also various NGOs working on wildlife conservation in India such as Wildlife Society of
Orissa (Orissa), Rhino Foundation for Nature (Assam), Friends of Forests (Maharashtra), North
Eastern Society for Preservation of Nature and Wildlife (West Bengal), Nature's Beckon (Assam),
Nature Conservation Society Amravati (Maharashtra), The Friends of the Doon (Uttaranchal) and Bali
Nature and Wild Life Conservation Society (West Bengal).

Some of the NGOs that have played an active role in the conservation and preservation of wildlife in
India are:
● TRAFFIC India fights wildlife trafficking in India
● Wildlife Trust of India have been very vocal about the Red Jungle fowl and Golden Haired
Langur
● Wildlife First works for the conservation of wilslife in Karnataka
● Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) collaborate with state governments to monitor
illegal wildlife trade
● Greenpeace

Wildlife Sanctuaries in India:

3.29 million sq. km of area comes under the wildlife conservations efforts in India and it is becoming
a very popular wildlife holiday destinations both for Indian as well as International tourists.At
present there are 531 wildlife sanctuaries in India and seventeen Biosphere Reserves.

The first national park of India was established in 1935 under the name of Hailey National Park that
is now known as Jim Corbett National Park. Till 1970 there were only five national parks in India but
the number rose to 96 by April 2007.

Popular Wildlife Reserves and Sanctuaries in India

Corbett National Park, Uttar Pradesh Gir National Park, Sanctuary in Gujarat

Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala

Kaziranga National Park, Assam Sunderbans National Park, West Bengal

Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh Hastinapur Sanctuary , Uttar Pradesh

Kedarnath Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh Askot Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh

Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar Kabar Lake Bird Sanctuary, Bihar

Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar

Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar

Chilika Lake, Orissa Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa

Mudumalai Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu Satkosia - Baisipalli Sanctuary, Orissa

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala

Palamau Tiger Reserve, Bihar Pench Tiger Reserve

Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa Chandka Elephant Reserve, Orissa

Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam The Palamu Tiger Reserve, Bihar

Dudhwa Conservation Center, U.P Srisailam Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh

KalsubaiHarischandragad Sanctuary in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh
Western Ghats

Manas Tiger Reserve, Assam Tadoba Tiger Reserve

Bandipur Conservation Center, Karnataka Desert National Park

Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary

Conservation Centers in India

Kaziranga Conservation Center, Assam Royal Chitwan Park

Royal Bardia Park Sultanpur Conservation Center

Valley of Flowers Conservation Center, Uttar Nanda Devi Conservation Center, Uttar Pradesh
Pradesh
Nagarhole Conservation Center, Karnataka Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa

Keibul Lam Jao Conservation Center, Manipur Bannerghata Conservation Center, Karnataka
Periyar Conservation Center, Kerala Sundarbans

Namdapha Conservation Center, Arunachal Dachigam Conservation Center, Jammu &

Pradesh Kashmir
Bharatpur Conservation Center Rajaji Conservation Center

Dudhwa Conservation Center, Uttar Pradesh Sanjay Gandhi Conservation CenterBorivli,

Mumbai

Biosphere Reserves
Government of India has initiated an effort to conserve wildlife, both flora and fauna including
human communities living under Biosphere Reserves. Biosphere Reserves are actually the areas
defined by the Government of India for protecting the above said in their natural habitat. There are
seventeen Biosphere Reserves in India at present.
Biosphere Reserves in India
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Agasthyamalai

DibruSaikhowa DihangDibang
Great Nicobar Gulf of Mannar

Kachchh Kanchenjunga
Manas Nanda Devi
The Nilgiris Nokrek
Pachmarhi Simlipal

Sundarbans Cold desert

Seshachalam hills

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECTS:

The Government of India has undertaken many initiatives on the conservation of wildlife. Some
important projects are:
● Project Elephant
● Project Tiger
● Project Hangul
● Indian Crocodile Conservation Project
● Protected Area Network
 ● GOI – UNDP Sea Turtle Project
● GOI – UNDP Wildlife Protected Area Management in Jaldapara Sanctuary, West Bengal
● Action Plan for Vulture Conservation in India
● Indo – Russian Cooperation

We will briefly discuss on Project Elephant and Project Tiger.

Project Elephant

Project Elephant, a centrally sponsored scheme, was launched in February 1992 to provide financial
and technical support to major elephant bearing states in India for protection of elephants, their
habitats and corridors. The Project, involving 25 Elephant Reserves across the country, is being
implemented in 13 States and Union Territories in India, namely, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Tamil Nadu,
Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Though this centrally sponsored scheme began with a thrust on elephant conservation in the various
elephant populous bio-geographical regions of the country, it expanded its view to adopt a more
comprehensive approach to the subsidiary issues of human-elephant conflict and welfare of
domesticated elephants.

For a better understanding of the main activities of the Project, they are listed below:
● Ecologically restoring the existing natural habitats and migratory routes of elephants
● Developing of scientific methods for conservation of elephant habitats and viable population
of Wild Asiatic elephants in India and ensuring their continuance through planned
management.
● Promoting measures for mitigating man-elephant conflict in crucial habitats and as far as
possible negating the undue pressures of human and domestic stock activities in crucial
elephant habitats
● Ensuring strictest adherence to "No poaching" acts formulated for Wild elephants and
minimizing cases of unnatural deaths of elephants due to human or other interference.
● Research on Elephant management related issues.
● Conducting Public education and awareness programmes.
● Providing for veterinary care of the wild elephants.
● Undertaking Eco-development as a major step to fortify their efforts at wildlife conservation.
Project Tiger

Project Tiger was formed in 1972and launched on the 1st April 1973 at Corbett National Park. Project
Tiger has successfully emerged as one of the champion endeavours of Tiger conservation as
formulated by a special task force set up under Wildlife Conservation Act to address the problem of
dwindling Tiger population in the country.

Though the initial push for the action was constituted by the growing concern to protect the Royal
Bengal Tigers, the disturbing data presented by the 1972 All India Tiger Census, which enumerated
the Tiger population at an alarming 1,827 as compared to the figure of 40,000 present at the turn of
20th century called for immediate action to curb the progressive decline of wilderness resulting in
the disturbance of viable tiger habitats.Currently, there are around 39 Project Tiger wildlife reserves
in India encompassing an area of more than 37,761 sq. km. Till date, the project has been the most
successful one in preserving the tiger population at Tiger Reserves in Bandhavgarh, Corbett, Pench,
Ranthambhore, Kanha, Bandipur, Panna, Dudhwa, Sunderbans, Manas and Sariska. All these
reserves act as Conservation Centers for tigers in India.

Thus following steps were taken:

 ● Thus, a national ban was imposed on Tiger Hunting in 1970
● The Wildlife Protection Act came into force in 1972
● Project Tiger was launched in 1973 and various tiger reserves were created in the country
based on a 'core-buffer' strategy.

The management strategy of each Tiger Reserve functioned in accordance to certain core principles
mentioned below:
● All forms of human exploitation and biotic disturbance to be eliminated from the core zone
and any activities carried out in the buffer zone should not impeach the wildlife habitat.
● Any habitat management carried out should be subject to redressing the damage caused by
human interference in order to restore the ecosystem to its original state.
● Changes in flora and fauna are to be documented for research purpose.
In the initial phase of Project Tiger only 9 Tiger Reserves were established in different States during
the period of 1973-74 by the joint effort of Central and State Governments, namely:
● Manas (Assam)
● Palamau (Bihar)
● Similipal (Orissa)
● Corbett (U.P.)
● Kanha (M.P.)
● Melghat (Maharashtra)
● Bandipur (Karnataka)
● Ranthambhore (Rajasthan)
● Sunderbans (West Bengal)

At present the number has grown to 28 reserves in 2006 with a total Tiger population of over 1000
tigers from a mere 268 in 9 reserves in 1972.

CONCLUSION:
In concluding, it is very important to conserve and protect wildlife. Listed below are some of the
reasons why wildlife protection is essential.

1. Promote Biodiversity
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. If wildlife is extracted from its
natural habitat, the delicate balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed which will then lead to
disastrous results. For instance, there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain forest. If
any species should become extinct, the food chain will be disrupted affecting all the species. For this
reason, promoting biodiversity is one of the main reasons why we should protect wildlife.In nature,
different species are connected through various food webs. Frank Mazzotti at the University of
Florida talks about the fact that the disappearance of one species could influence several others
down the line. The loss of an animal that isn't especially important economically or culturally could
unexpectedly affect a type of animal that is, so widespread wildlife conservation is a general
preventative measure for unforeseen problems.

2. Research
One can learn a lot from animals which can benefit the human race. For instance, a lot of medicines
have been derived from the chemicals produced by animals. These medicines are then used to help
cure various health conditions, such as heart diseases, disorders, and other illnesses. In fact, based
on the statistics provided by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, more than 25% of the medicinal
prescriptions given every year contain chemicals from animals. For instance, there are scientists who
are studying venom from the pit viper to cure the symptoms of Melanoma, and the venom from a
tarantula can help fight neurological disorders.

3. Education
Wildlife protection is essential because if the animal is gone, it will be impossible to study and learn
from them. Unfortunately, a lot of wildlife has disappeared from earth due to human
activities.Studying animals and their habitats can be a valuable learning experience for students of all
ages. Dr. Eric Jensen at the University of Warwick has written about the educational benefits of trips
to the zoo for children. Failures in wildlife conservation may leave teachers with fewer educational
resources.

4. Psychological Benefits
Wildlife diversity has a broad appeal. The psychological benefits of biodiversity for humans can be
difficult to measure, but they're also difficult to dismiss. The research of Susanna Curtin at
Bournemouth University indicates that eco-tourists experience a tremendous sense of wonder,
contentment, and fulfilment from their wildlife encounters. Curtin's research raises the question of
what failed wildlife conservation efforts and a significant loss of species could mean for humans
psychologically.

5. Conservation Of Natural Habitat

When we conserve and protect the natural habitat of wildlife species, we enrich our planet. To do
so, we must keep the animals in their natural place. Conservation of natural habitats will also be
beneficial for humans since it helps keep the essential watersheds intact and ensuring clean, fresh
water.There are many reasons - both emotional and practical - why wildlife conservation is
important. Conservation can have powerful, direct impacts on the daily lives of people around the
world, as well as on plant and animal life and the environment as a whole.

Today, there are now wildlife preservation programs wherein they allow the animals to roam freely
in their natural habitat. Some of these programs also allow the animals to interact with humans. This
is beneficial since it educates the people and raises awareness regarding the importance of
protecting these wildlife species.

These are just some of the reasons why everyone should work together to protect the different
species of wildlife. Thankfully, there are now national parks that provide the best natural habitats for
various species.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
The following resources were consulted for preparation of this project:
Websites:

1. www.yourarticlelibrary.com/wildlife/wildlife-protection-projects-undertaken-by-govt-of-
india-for-wildlife-protection/11157/

2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife

3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_conservation

4. animalstime.com/wildlife-conservation-efforts-in-india/

5. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/ngos-in-india.html

6. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india.html

7. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/conservation-centers-
in-india.html

8. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/project-elephant.html

9. www.indianholiday.com/wildlife-india/wildlife-conservation-in-india/project-tiger.html

10. www.silverphoenixllc.com/phoenixblog/3-reasons-why-you-should-protect-wildlife/

11. greenliving.lovetoknow.com/environmental-issues/why-is-wildlife-conservation-important

12. www.unodc.org/southasia//frontpage/2012/june/our-endangered-wildlife-a-cause-for-
concern.html