A Mini Project Report

on

EARTHQUAKE DETECTOR USING ARDUINO

by

SHUBHAM KADAM (T223027)

SRUSHTI KOKARE (T223032)

Under the guidance of

MR. A. P. KSHIRSAGAR

Department of Computer Engineering,

ZEAL College of Engineering and Research, SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

2019-2020

Page 1 of 20
 Department of Computer Engineering
ZEAL College of Engineering and Research,

Date:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

SHUBHAM KADAM (T223027)

SRUSHTI KOKARE (T223032)

of class T.E(C)COMP; have successfully completed their mini project work on “EARTHQUAKE
DETECTOR USING ARDUINO’’ at ZEAL College of Engineering and Research, Pune the partial
fulfillment of the Graduate Degree course in T.E at the department of Computer Engineering, in the
academic Year 2019-2020 Semester –VI as prescribed by the Savitribai Phule Pune University.

MR. A. P. KSHIRSAGAR Dr. SUNIL SANGVE

Guide Head of the Department
(Department of Computer Engineering)

Page 2 of 20
 Acknowledgment

Completing a task is never a one-man task. It offers the results of valuable contribution of a
number of individuals in a direct or indirect manner that helps in shaping and achieving an
objective. We extend our sincere gratitude to all those who extend their fullest co-operation in
formulating this project.

We express a deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr. A. P. Kshirsagar for his efforts in
giving start and keen interest, criticism. His valuable guidance was indeed a source of inspiration
for us. We are thankful to him for lending his precious time and patient listening he gave each
time.

We are also very thankful to our head of computer engineering department Dr. Sangve sir. He
always motivated all of us for development of innovative ideas of us. He managed to provide us
with knowledge about new technology in market and motivated us to use the same.

We have deep feeling of gratitude for our principle Dr. Kate sir and our whole management. He
has best knowledge of mindset of students and today’s cutting edge technology. He always
provided us new technology like fast internet for information.

We always have special place for our Lab Assistants who are very friendly and always helped us
in any system problems and hazards. They provided us knowledge about correct way of using
systems in laboratories. They always tracked laboratories for faulty machines and got repaired
for students. Big thanks for them.

And lastly, thanks to all our friends who contributed in this project work and made possible to
work seamlessly. Everyone who worked for this project day-night so this project my help many
people in future after some integration. Without friends and our family’s contributions, we
couldn’t have made this far.

SHUBHAM KADAM (T223027)

SHRUSHTI KOKARE (T223032)

Contents

Abstract ....................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................v
Page 3 of 20
Introduction ............................................................................................... vi
Chapter 2 .................................................................................................... vi
Literature Review .................................................................................. vii
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................... vii
System Analysis ...................................................................................... viii
Chapter 4 ......................................................................................................x
DESIGN ....................................................................................................... xi
Chapter 5 .................................................................................................. xiv
Code ............................................................................................................ xiv
Chapter 6 ................................................................................................. xvii
Conclusion ............................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 7 ................................................................................................ xviii
Future Scope .......................................................................................... xviii
References ................................................................................................. xix

Abstract
It has been found in a survey that 80% losses caused due to fire would have been kept away from if the fire was
identified promptly.Node Mcu based IoT empowered fire indicator and observing framework is the answer for

Page 4 of 20
this issue.In this task, we have assembled fire finder utilizing Node Mcu which is interfaced with a temperature
sensor, a smoke sensor and signal. The temperature sensor detects the warmth and smoke senssor detects any
smoke produced because of consuming or fire. buzzer associated with Arduino gives us an alert sign. At
whatever point fire activated, it consumes protests adjacent and produces smoke. A fire caution can likewise be
activated because of little smoke from candlelight or oil lights utilized as a part of a family. Likewise, at
whatever point warm force is high then additionally the alert goes on. Bell or alert is killed at whatever point the
temperature goes to ordinary room temperature and smoke level decreases. We have additionally interfaced
LCD show to the Node Mcu board.With the assistance of IoT innovation.Node MCU fire checking serves for
mechanical need and also for family unit reason. At whatever point it recognizes fire or smoke then it
immediately alarms the client about the fire through the ethernet module. For this reason, we are utilizing
ESP8266 which is from Arduino IDE. Likewise, the Node Mcu interfacing with LCD show is done to show the
status of the framework whether the Smoke and Overheat is identified or not. What's more, Node Mcu
interfacing with Ethernet module is done as such that client become more acquainted with about the
predominant condition message. It insinuate the client about the fire identification. This framework is extremely
helpful at whatever point the client isn't in the closeness of control focus. At whatever point a fire happens, the
framework naturally faculties and alarms the client by sending an alarm to an application introduced on user’s
Android portable or page open through web..

Chapter 1
Introduction

Page 5 of 20
Forest fire is also called as wild fire or wildland fire is an uncontrolled fire occurring in forest areas It is
essential to distinguish these sorts of flames as ahead of schedule as conceivable in order to keep the harm from
it to biological framework. Consistently a large number of sections of land of timberland are burned to the
ground. The land were woods is singed it winds up plainly difficult to develop vegetation over yonder. This is
on account of soil moves toward becoming water repellent and acknowledges no more water, prompting
lessening in ground water level. The Global Warming Report 2008 says rapidly spreading fire as one of the real
reason behind increment in an Earth-wide temperature boost. In late year 2016 more than 4000 hectares of
timberland were singed in the slopes of Uttarakhand. Common causes of wild fire are lightning, extreme hot
and arid weather and human carelessness. The utilization of wireless sensor in this paper presents one of the
methods for early wild fire identification

Chapter 2
Literature Review

Numerous answers for identification of out of control fire are displayed and executed in recent
years. Video Surveillance System is most generally utilized for identification of wild fire. It is isolated into four
classifications : Video Cameras delicate in unmistakable range in light of acknowledgment of smoke amid
sunlight and fire blazes at night, Infrared(IR) Thermal Imaging cameras in view of discovery of warmth
transition from the fire, IR Spectrometer which distinguish unearthly attributes of smoke gases and Light
Page 6 of 20
Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system which measures the laser light back scattered by smoke particles. The
limitation of
these systems was high false alert rate as a result of climatic conditions, for instance, proximity of fog, shadows,
clean particles etc. Another strategy is the utilization of Visual Cameras that take depictions of the forest to
identify the fire. These cameras were mounted on the highest point of correspondence towers. A turning engine
is introduced to give a full round perspective of the forest. The pictures got from the camera are prepared
utilizing project or MATLAB code and are contrasted and the reference pictures taken at introductory stage.
This framework additionally had impediment of high false caution rate. Additionally the cost of establishment
of visual cameras on correspondence towers was high Another technique is the utilization of satellite framework
to distinguish the wild fire. The primary segments of the framework are satellite(s) and the base station that
gathers the information send by the satellite(s) and runs the dissecting calculation. The crude information from
the satellite(s) is handled and after that Best in
class High Determination Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument is utilized to recognize nearness of Problem areas.
However the mists enormously influence the framework . Wild Fire Reconnaissance Framework which
comprises of WSN was likewise proposed for identification of wild fires in South Korea. The WSN decides the
temperature and dampness after which middleware program and web application examines the gathered
information .However in this approach of discovery of wild fire there was some loss of information amid
correspondence
. WSN comprising three various types of sensors which can distinguish temperature, fire and smoke levels of
methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide was additionally proposed for wild fire recognition .The
information gained by sensors is transmitted utilizing radio recurrence module. The radio recurrence module
used has limited bandwidth and also picks up noise easily .WSN comprising of temperature sensor setup and
GPS module was likewise proposed for recognition of backwoods fire .In this temperature information was
transmitted to base station through essential and principle receiving wire utilizing satellite. A portion of the
impediment of framework was establishment of an excessive number of reception apparatuses; consistent power
was required to both temperature sensor setup and recieving wires. Notwithstanding this climatic/regular
changes can influence the
framework.

Chapter 3 System
Analysis

We have designed an electronic device which will help us to identify the detection of the initial
tremor due to fracture on the surface and identification of the primary wave and the surface wave
respectively in the elastic rock medium. The surface wave is transverse resulting in horizontal
displacement causing maximum damage on the surface. So the detection of the first triggered s
wave parameters, named as PI (P wave index) and DI (Damage Intensity) of seismic motion are
Page 7 of 20
proposed to be able to define destructiveness of the earthquake and effectively realize P wave
alarm system. DI is defined as an inner product of acceleration and velocity vectors, at each time
step.

3.1 HARDWARE
Minimum hardware requirements are as stated below:
- 2.0 GHz and more clock speed processor.
- Min 2.0 GB RAM (installed memory) - Simple color monitor.
- ESP8266
- Buzzer
- Bread Board
- Resistor 1k ohm
- Jumper Wires

3.2 SOFTWARE
Minimum software requirements are as stated below:
- Windows XP and above versions.
- Arduino IDE

1. ESP8266 :-

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip, with a full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. This
small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple TCP/IP connections
using Hayes-style commands. However, at first there was almost no English-language documentation on the
chip and the commands it accepted.The very low price and the fact that there were very few external
components on the module, which suggested that it could eventually be very inexpensive in volume, attracted
many hackers to explore the module, the chip, and the software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese
documentation.
The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing the building of single-chip devices capable
of connecting to Wi-Fi.

Page 8 of 20
 s

Fig:Arduino

2.DHT-11:-
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a
digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). Its fairly simple to use, but
requires careful timing to grab data. The only real downside of this sensor is you can only
get new data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings be up
to 2 seconds old.

Fig: ADXL335

Page 9 of 20
2. LED:-

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the
form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined
by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor.[5] White light is
obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device

Fig:LED

4. Resistor 1k ohm:-
These are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt, +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in
breadboards and other prototyping applications, these 1K ohm resistors make excellent pull-ups,
pull-downs and current limiters. These thick-lead versions of the resistors fit snugly into a
breadboard with very little movement, so you should have few to no issues using them in your
next project

Fig:Resistor 1k ohm

Page 10 of 20
 Chapter 4
DESIGN

To detect the forest fire as early as possible by measuring the level

of temperature and CO2 level.

Applicatio
MCU n
Temperature ESP2866
and
Humidity LED or
Buzzer

Page 11 of 20
Working of it can be explained in 5 steps. They are:-

Employing Sensors serving as Data acquisition centreTemperature sensor and smoke sensor are
utilized that should be set at specific separations with the goal that a look can be kept
on the whole forest territory keeping in mind the end goal to distinguish the start disturbing
temperature and the level of carbondioxide gas(CO2). These sensors will send the flag or the data

Page 12 of 20
to the microcontroller. These will all detect changes in the earth and respond naturally in case of a
crisis. New advancements in programmed starting gadgets utilize cameras and PC calculations to
examine obvious impacts of flame and development in ways that other discovery gadgets can„t.
Number of terminate sensors are to be utilized in handy circumstance that are should have been
set at specific separations with the goal that a look can be kept on the
whole forest region.

Gathering of information by the IC installed in the arduino of the Transmitter circuit

:-

The IC ATMega 328-p ( microcontroller) inserted in arduino stage display in the transmitter
circuit get the information detected and gathered by the temperature sensor and gas sensor. At that
point, the controller plays out the customized activity to it and pass them to the transmitter for
transmitting the information to the accepting station.

Transmission of the information by the transmitter :-

On getting the information from the controller, transmitter transmits the information to a specific
range where the beneficiary station is enhanced to be utilized . Microcontroller is the focal
piece of the equipment circuit; it controls and empowers the working of the whole circuit, here
transmitter circuit for this situation.

Accepting of the information by the Getting station:-

On accepting the information from the transmitter circuit , the recipient sends the information to
the controller IC of the appended arduino uno installed in the beneficiary circuit in computerized
frame making the controller conceivable to do the modified activities for the checking of
temperature level and CO2 level for flame identification. Show of the levels of temperature and
CO2 level in site

page available through privately made system:-

At the point when the information in regards to the temperature and the CO2 level are prepared in
the IC of the recipient circuits Node Mcu which is modified with various library elements of the
Ethernet shield interfacing making it conceivable to make a page in the privately made system
naming ―Fire Security System‖ by the assistance of switch . The Node Mcu ethernet shield R3
(collected) permits an NodeMcu board to interface with the web. It depends on the Wiznet W5100
ethernet chip (datasheet). The Wiznet W5100 gives a system (IP) stack equipped for both TCP
and UDP . Arduino Ethernet Shield 2 interfaces your Node Mcu to
the web in negligible minutes.

Simply plug this module onto your nodemcu Board, interface it to your system with
a RJ45 link with highlights like:-

Page 13 of 20
• Working voltage 5V (provided from the NodeMcu
Board)
• Ethernet Controller: W5500 with interior 32K support
• Association speed: 10/100Mb
• Association with esp8266 on SPI port

Aside from the over, a caution circuit has been made just to encourage the Fire security group to
find the defenseless part at the earliest opportunity. This fire caution circuit will give alert just
when the levels of the temperature will cross the preset esteem.

Page 14 of 20
 Chapter 5
Code

// Import required libraries

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <Hash.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <DHT.h>

// Replace with your network credentials

const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";
const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";

#define DHTPIN 5 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor

// Uncomment the type of sensor in use:

//#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11
#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)
//#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301)

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

// current temperature & humidity, updated in loop()

float t = 0.0;
float h = 0.0;

// Create AsyncWebServer object on port 80

AsyncWebServer server(80);

// Generally, you should use "unsigned long" for variables that hold time
// The value will quickly become too large for an int to store

Page 15 of 20
unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time DHT was updated

// Updates DHT readings every 10 seconds

const long interval = 10000;

const char index_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css"
integrity="sha384-
fnmOCqbTlWIlj8LyTjo7mOUStjsKC4pOpQbqyi7RrhN7udi9RwhKkMHpvLbHG9Sr"
crossorigin="anonymous">
<style>
html {
font-family: Arial;
display: inline-block;
margin: 0px auto;
text-align: center;
}
h2 { font-size: 3.0rem; }
p { font-size: 3.0rem; }
.units { font-size: 1.2rem; }
.dht-labels{
font-size: 1.5rem;
vertical-align:middle;
padding-bottom: 15px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>ESP8266 DHT Server</h2>
<p>
<i class="fas fa-thermometer-half" style="color:#059e8a;"></i>
<span class="dht-labels">Temperature</span>
<span id="temperature">%TEMPERATURE%</span>
<sup class="units">&deg;C</sup>
</p>
<p>
<i class="fas fa-tint" style="color:#00add6;"></i>
<span class="dht-labels">Humidity</span>
<span id="humidity">%HUMIDITY%</span>
<sup class="units">%</sup>
</p>
</body>

Page 16 of 20
<script>
setInterval(function ( ) {
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("temperature").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "/temperature", true);
xhttp.send();
}, 10000 ) ;

setInterval(function ( ) {
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("humidity").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "/humidity", true);
xhttp.send();
}, 10000 ) ;
</script>
</html>)rawliteral";

// Replaces placeholder with DHT values

String processor(const String& var){
//Serial.println(var);
if(var == "TEMPERATURE"){
return String(t);
}
else if(var == "HUMIDITY"){
return String(h);
}
return String();
}

void setup(){
// Serial port for debugging purposes
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin();

// Connect to Wi-Fi
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi");

Page 17 of 20
 while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.println(".");
}

// Print ESP8266 Local IP Address

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

// Route for root / web page

server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
request->send_P(200, "text/html", index_html, processor);
});
server.on("/temperature", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
request->send_P(200, "text/plain", String(t).c_str());
});
server.on("/humidity", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
request->send_P(200, "text/plain", String(h).c_str());
});

// Start server
server.begin();
}

void loop(){
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
// save the last time you updated the DHT values
previousMillis = currentMillis;
// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)
float newT = dht.readTemperature();
// Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true)
//float newT = dht.readTemperature(true);
// if temperature read failed, don't change t value
if (isnan(newT)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
}
else {
t = newT;
Serial.println(t);
}
// Read Humidity
float newH = dht.readHumidity();
// if humidity read failed, don't change h value
if (isnan(newH)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");

Page 18 of 20
 }
else {
h = newH;
Serial.println(h);
}
if(t > 70){
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); //led

}
}
}
Chapter 6
Conclusion

Early cautioning and quick reaction to a fire breakout are the main approaches to dodge incredible
misfortunes and natural and social legacy harms. Hence, the most critical objectives in flame
observation are fast and solid identification and restriction ofthe fire. It is substantially less
demanding to stifle a fire when the beginning area is known, and keeping in mind that it is in its
beginning periods. Data about the advance of flame is likewise profoundly profitable for dealing
with the fire amid every one of its stages. In light of this data, the fire battling staff can be guided
on focus to hinder the fire before it achieves social legacy destinations and to smother it rapidly
by using the required putting out fires hardwareand vehicles

Chapter 7
Future Scope

All parts of the building to be monitored are equipped with a network of electric cables and
automatic/non-automatic detectors. These detectors are operated either manually or triggered
automatically by heat, visible or invisible smoke, or flames. Only the detectors in the immediate

Page 19 of 20
vicinity of the fire are activated, sending a report to the fire detection control panel. From here,
the information can be forwarded to a permanently manned unit and/or the fire brigade. Those
affected are also warned. Once the fire has been extinguished, the system can be made operational
again quickly and simply.All parts of the building to be monitored are equipped with a network of
electric cables and automatic/non-automatic detectors. These detectors are operated either
manually or triggered automatically by heat, visible or invisible smoke, or flames. Only the
detectors in the immediate vicinity of the fire are activated, sending a report to the fire detection
control panel. From here, the information can be forwarded to a permanently manned unit and/or
the fire brigade. Those affected are also warned. Once the fire has been extinguished, the system
can be made operational again quickly and simply.

References

• www.youtube.com
• ] Kelha. V., Rauste Y., Buongiorno A., “Forest Fire Detection by Satellites for Fire
Control”, European Space Agency, Finland, 2000
• ] Manyangadze T., “Forest Fire Detection for Near Real Time Monitoring using
Geostationary Satellite”, International Institute for Geo-information Science and
Earth Observation, Enschede, Netherland, 2009.
• P.J Vivek , G. Raju , S. Akarsh, “Forest Fire Detection System”,International Journal
of Innovative Research in Science, Engi

Page 20 of 20