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    Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1

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    Priyanjali Saini
    This document provides an introduction to anatomical terminology and concepts related to the human body. It defines anatomy and physiology, then lists and describes common anatomical terms like cytology, histology, and neurology. It also outlines the main subdivisions of anatomy including gross, systemic, regional, and functional anatomy. The levels of organization of the body are listed along with the major body systems. Key anatomical positions, relationships, and planes are defined to provide context for describing structures in the body.

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    Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    Priyanjali Saini
    3K views29 pages
    This document provides an introduction to anatomical terminology and concepts related to the human body. It defines anatomy and physiology, then lists and describes common anatomical terms like cytology, histology, and neurology. It also outlines the main subdivisions of anatomy including gross, systemic, regional, and functional anatomy. The levels of organization of the body are listed along with the major body systems. Key anatomical positions, relationships, and planes are defined to provide context for describing structures in the body.

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    anatomy & physiology unit 1

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    This document provides an introduction to anatomical terminology and concepts related to the human body. It defines anatomy and physiology, then lists and describes common anatomical terms like cytology, histology, and neurology. It also outlines the main subdivisions of anatomy including gross, systemic, regional, and functional anatomy. The levels of organization of the body are listed along with the major body systems. Key anatomical positions, relationships, and planes are defined to provide context for describing structures in the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views29 pages

    Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    Priyanjali Saini
    This document provides an introduction to anatomical terminology and concepts related to the human body. It defines anatomy and physiology, then lists and describes common anatomical terms like cytology, histology, and neurology. It also outlines the main subdivisions of anatomy including gross, systemic, regional, and functional anatomy. The levels of organization of the body are listed along with the major body systems. Key anatomical positions, relationships, and planes are defined to provide context for describing structures in the body.

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    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

    UNIT -1 ST

    INTRODUCTION TO
    ANATOMICAL TERMS OF THE
    HUMAN BODY:-

    PRIYANJALI SAINI
    NURSING TUTOR
    H.C.N.S
    DEFINITIONS:-

    • ANATOMY:- Anatomy is the branch of biology which deals with


    study ofstructure of the body and their relations.
    • PHISIOLOGY:- Phisiology refers to the study of normal functioning
    of the living structure.
    TERMINOLOGIES:-
    1. CYTOLOGY:- cyto- cell,logy- Study of ( study of cell)

    2. HISTOLOGY:- histo- tissue ( study of tissues)

    3. MORPHOLOGY:- morpho- shape ( study of shape and size of the organs)

    4. MYOLOGY:- Myo- muscles ( study of the muscles)

    5. OSTEOLOGY:- Osteo- bones ( study of the bone )

    6. NEUROLOGY:- Neuro- nerves ( study of the nerves and their functions)

    7. CARDIOLOGY:- Cardio- heart ( study of the heart)

    8. ANGIOLOGY:-angio- blood circulation (study of blood circulation)

    9. ARTHOLOGY:-ARTHO- JOINTS (study of joints)

    10. ENDOCRINOLOGY:- study of endocrine glands

    11. HEMATOLOGY:- study of blood and it’s disorders

    12. NEPHROLOGY:- STUDY OF NEPHRON

    13. ODONTOLOGY:- Study of teeth

    14. OPTHALMOLOGY:- STUDY OF EYES

    15. OTOLOGY:- Study of ear

    16. SEROLOGY:- Study of serum


    SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY:-

    • GROSS ANATOMY:- It is the macroscopic structure of body parts that can be seen with naked eyes.
    • SYSTEMIC ANATOMY :- It is the study of the body systems e.g digestive system , cardiovascular system ,
    nervous system etc.
    • REGIONAL ANATOMY :- It is the study of structure and organization of a definitive part of the body such
    as- head & neck, thorax , abdomen etc.
    • FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY:- Study of anatomy which provides corelation between structure and function
    of various organs.
    • COMPARATIVE ANATOMY:- Study of structural variations between other animals &human beings.
    SUBDIVISIONS OF PHYSIOLOGY:-

    • The study of functioning of each system of the body can be studies under the following subdivisions of
    physiology-
    • Neuromuscular physiology- Study of fun. Of nerves.
    • Respiratory physiology- Study of physiology of breathing.

    • Cardiovascular physiology – study of physiology of blood circulation and heart.


    LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF BODY:-
    INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
    SKELETAL SYSTEM
    MUSCULAR SYSTEM
    NERVOUS SYSTEM
    ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
    CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
    LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
    RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    URINARY SYSTEM
    REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
    ANATOMICAL POSITIONS:-
    • All structures of our body are described in relation to this position irrespective to any body posture.
    • ANATOMICAL POSITION:- In this position of body in which a person is standing upright with the head
    facing forward , the upper limbs by the side with palm facing anteriorly and feet together.
    POSITIONS:-
    • Supine position :- this position lies straight on the back with face directed upwards.
    • Prone position;- this position person lies straight on the abdomen &face is directed
    downwards.
    TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP:-
    • Superior – towards head.
    • Inferior-towards feet .
    • Anterior- towards front.
    • Posterior-towards back.
    • Lateral – away from median plane.
    • Medial – near to median plane.
    • Proximal – near to body.
    • Distal – farther from body.
    • Superficial-nearer to the surface.
    • Deep- farther from surface.
    • External-towards exterior.
    • Internal – towards the interior .
    ANATOMICAL PLANES:-
    CAVITIES OF THE BODY:-
    BODY CAVITIES:-
    BODY CAVITY:-
    REGIONS OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY:-

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